Trisodium 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulphonate

Adsorption / desorption

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

adsorption / desorption

Remarks:

adsorption

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Data is from peer reviewed journal

Justification for type of information:

Data is from peer reviewed journal

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: refer below principle

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The capability of fluorescent dye Pyranine to serve as conservative tracers in highly saline groundwater was evaluated by a series of batch experiments in sediments.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Type of method:

batch equilibrium method

Media:

sediment

Radiolabelling:

not specified

Test temperature:

25 deg.C

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

sediments were collected from three boreholes

Details on matrix:

Two types of sediments were used for the sorption experiments:
- First, a group of pure minerals: clays (bentonite,kaolinite), quartz, calcite and dolomite. Two different grain sizes of quartz, calcite and dolomite were used
- Second, a group representing natural sediments

- Other: Samples of sediments were collected from three boreholes drilled along the Dead Sea shore.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- concentration: 0, 50 ,100, 150, 200, 250 mg/l

TEST CONDITIONS
- other: The tubes were continuously rotated 360 deg at 8 rpm by Labquake tube rotator (Thermolyne, USA) in the dark at room temperature (17–25 deg C) for 12–14 h

TEST SYSTEM
- Type, size and further details on reaction vessel: Tube was used as a test vessel for the study.
- Amount of soil/sediment/sludge and water per treatment (if simulation test): 5 g of sediment was placed together with 5 ml of solution
- Number of reaction vessels/concentration: 2-3 duplicates
- Measuring equipment: Fluorescence Spectrophotometer
- Other: 500 batch experiments were carried out

Key result

Type:

other: Sorption (%)

Value:

> 29 - < 53 other: %

Temp.:

25 °C

Remarks on result:

other: at 0.01 DSW

Key result

Type:

other: Sorption (%)

Value:

> 38 - < 59 other: %

Temp.:

25 °C

Remarks on result:

other: at 0.5 DSW

Key result

Type:

other: Sorption (%)

Value:

> 64 - < 88 other: %

Temp.:

25 °C

Remarks on result:

other: at DSW

Transformation products:

not specified

Amount of dye sorption (%) on natural sediment:

Dye	Solution salinity	Sample
Test chemical		B1			B2			B3			B4
		Exp.	Est.	Δ	Exp.	Est.	Δ	Exp.	Est.	Δ	Exp.	Est.	Δ
	0.01DSW	28	5	24	53	13	41	41	5	36	33	5	28
	0.5DSW	48	27	21	59	54	5	83	27	56	38	29	9
	DSW	64	34	30	88	58	30	98	32	66	76	36	40
	The deviations (D, %) represent the difference between experimental and calculated values

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The sorption of test chemical on natural sediment was evaluated by a series of batch experiments on solution of different salinities. Percent adsorption of test chemical was 29–53% (0.01 DSW), 38–59% (0.5 DSW) and 64–88% (DSW), except for sample B3 (41%, 83% and 98%, 0.01 DSW, 0.5 DSW and DSW, respectively). On the basis of this, test chemical have low to moderate sorption on sediments and therefore have moderate to slow migration potential to groundwater.

Executive summary:

Adsorption study was conducted for evaluating the adsorption capacity of test chemical. Adsorption study was performed according to batch experiments in sediments at a temperature of 25 deg.C.Two types of sediments were used for the sorption experiments:First, a group of pure minerals include clays (bentonite,kaolinite), quartz, calcite and dolomite. Two different grain sizes of quartz, calcite and dolomite were used.Second, a group representing natural sediments. Samples of sediments were collected from three boreholes drilled along the Dead Sea shore. Test chemical conc. used for the study were 0, 50 ,100, 150, 200, 250 mg/l, respectively.A sediment sample and dyed solution were placed in a 50 ml tube. The tubes were continuously rotated 360 deg at 8 rpm by Labquake tube rotator (Thermolyne, USA) in the dark at room temperature (17–25 deg C) for 12–14 h in order to achieve equilibrium concentration. In the first set of experiments, 5 g of sediment was placed together with 5 ml of solution, except for the clays (bentonite and kaolinite) for which, due to difficulty of separating liquids from the sediment, a higher volume of solution was needed (20 ml for bentonite and 10 ml for kaolinite).The solution was removed from the sediments by centrifuging for 20 min at a rate of 3000 rpm and was analyzed by fluorescence spectrophotometry (Cary Eclipse Fluorescence Spectrophotometer, Varian[1], Palo Alto, CA).The concentration of the dyes in the samples was determined separately for each experiment by using calibration curves prepared with solutions of similar salinity and composition to those of the experiment solutions. Blanks were prepared by repeating experimental procedures with solutions without dyes. The fluorescence intensities (FI) of the blanks were analyzed and calculated to determine the ‘‘apparent dye concentration’’ from the FI measurements. It was found that except for Naph, FI of the blank solutions was close to zero. The FI’s in the emission–excitation wavelength similar to that of Naph in the blank solutions were found to be comparable in values to 20–30 ppb. The amount of dye sorption on sediments equals the amount of dye loss after mixing with sediment during the batch experiment. Other dye losses such as dye precipitation are thought to be negligible since in the experiment the dye concentrations were a few orders of magnitude lower than its solubility (a few grams per liter). Dye sorption was calculated as percentage of initial concentration. Percent adsorption of test chemical was 29–53% (0.01 DSW), 38–59% (0.5 DSW) and 64–88% (DSW), except for sample B3 (41%, 83% and 98%, 0.01 DSW, 0.5 DSW and DSW, respectively). On the basis of this, test chemical have low to moderate sorption on sediments and therefore have moderate to slow migration potential to groundwater.

Description of key information

Adsorption study was conducted for evaluating the adsorption capacity of test chemical (Einat Magal et. al., 2008). Adsorption study was performed according to batch experiments in sediments at a temperature of 25 deg.C.Two types of sediments were used for the sorption experiments:First, a group of pure minerals include clays (bentonite,kaolinite), quartz, calcite and dolomite. Two different grain sizes of quartz, calcite and dolomite were used.Second, a group representing natural sediments. Samples of sediments were collected from three boreholes drilled along the Dead Sea shore. Test chemical conc. used for the study were 0, 50 ,100, 150, 200, 250 mg/l, respectively.A sediment sample and dyed solution were placed in a 50 ml tube. The tubes were continuously rotated 360 deg at 8 rpm by Labquake tube rotator (Thermolyne, USA) in the dark at room temperature (17–25 deg C) for 12–14 h in order to achieve equilibrium concentration. In the first set of experiments, 5 g of sediment was placed together with 5 ml of solution, except for the clays (bentonite and kaolinite) for which, due to difficulty of separating liquids from the sediment, a higher volume of solution was needed (20 ml for bentonite and 10 ml for kaolinite).The solution was removed from the sediments by centrifuging for 20 min at a rate of 3000 rpm and was analyzed by fluorescence spectrophotometry (Cary Eclipse Fluorescence Spectrophotometer, Varian[1], Palo Alto, CA).The concentration of the dyes in the samples was determined separately for each experiment by using calibration curves prepared with solutions of similar salinity and composition to those of the experiment solutions. Blanks were prepared by repeating experimental procedures with solutions without dyes. The fluorescence intensities (FI) of the blanks were analyzed and calculated to determine the ‘‘apparent dye concentration’’ from the FI measurements. It was found that except for Naph, FI of the blank solutions was close to zero. The FI’s in the emission–excitation wavelength similar to that of Naph in the blank solutions were found to be comparable in values to 20–30 ppb. The amount of dye sorption on sediments equals the amount of dye loss after mixing with sediment during the batch experiment. Other dye losses such as dye precipitation are thought to be negligible since in the experiment the dye concentrations were a few orders of magnitude lower than its solubility (a few grams per liter). Dye sorption was calculated as percentage of initial concentration. Percent adsorption of test chemical was 29–53% (0.01 DSW), 38–59% (0.5 DSW) and 64–88% (DSW), except for sample B3 (41%, 83% and 98%, 0.01 DSW, 0.5 DSW and DSW, respectively). On the basis of this, test chemical have low to moderate sorption on sediments and therefore have moderate to slow migration potential to groundwater.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Koc at 20 °C:

169.82

Additional information

Experimental result of the test chemical and various supporting studies for its structurally similar read across substance were reviewed for the adsorption end point which are summarized as below:

 

In an experimental key study from peer reviewed journal (Einat Magal et. al., 2008), adsorption experiment was conducted for evaluating the adsorption capacity of test chemical. Adsorption study was performed according to batch experiments in sediments at a temperature of 25 deg.C. Two types of sediments were used for the sorption experiments: First, a group of pure minerals include clays (bentonite,kaolinite), quartz, calcite and dolomite. Two different grain sizes of quartz, calcite and dolomite were used. Second, a group representing natural sediments. Samples of sediments were collected from three boreholes drilled along the Dead Sea shore. Test chemical conc. used for the study were 0, 50 ,100, 150, 200, 250 mg/l, respectively. A sediment sample and dyed solution were placed in a 50 ml tube. The tubes were continuously rotated 360 deg at 8 rpm by Labquake tube rotator (Thermolyne, USA) in the dark at room temperature (17–25 deg C) for 12–14 h in order to achieve equilibrium concentration. In the first set of experiments, 5 g of sediment was placed together with 5 ml of solution, except for the clays (bentonite and kaolinite) for which, due to difficulty of separating liquids from the sediment, a higher volume of solution was needed (20 ml for bentonite and 10 ml for kaolinite).The solution was removed from the sediments by centrifuging for 20 min at a rate of 3000 rpm and was analyzed by fluorescence spectrophotometry (Cary Eclipse Fluorescence Spectrophotometer, Varian[1], Palo Alto, CA).The concentration of the dyes in the samples was determined separately for each experiment by using calibration curves prepared with solutions of similar salinity and composition to those of the experiment solutions. Blanks were prepared by repeating experimental procedures with solutions without dyes. The fluorescence intensities (FI) of the blanks were analyzed and calculated to determine the ‘‘apparent dye concentration’’ from the FI measurements. It was found that except for Naph, FI of the blank solutions was close to zero. The FI’s in the emission–excitation wavelength similar to that of Naph in the blank solutions were found to be comparable in values to 20–30 ppb. The amount of dye sorption on sediments equals the amount of dye loss after mixing with sediment during the batch experiment. Other dye losses such as dye precipitation are thought to be negligible since in the experiment the dye concentrations were a few orders of magnitude lower than its solubility (a few grams per liter). Dye sorption was calculated as percentage of initial concentration. Percent adsorption of test chemical was 29–53% (0.01 DSW), 38–59% (0.5 DSW) and 64–88% (DSW), except for sample B3 (41%, 83% and 98%, 0.01 DSW, 0.5 DSW and DSW, respectively). On the basis of this, test chemical have low to moderate sorption on sediments and therefore have moderate to slow migration potential to groundwater.

 

In a supporting study from study report (2016), adsorption coefficient Koc in soil and in sewage sludge of test chemical was determined by the Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic method according to OECD Guideline No. 121 for testing of Chemicals. The solutions of the test substance and reference substances were prepared in appropriate solvents. A test item solution was prepared by accurately weighing 50mg of test item and diluted with mobile phase up to 100ml. Thus, the test solution concentration was 500mg/l. The pH of test substance was 7.18. Each of the reference substance and test substance were analysed by HPLC at 210 nm. After equilibration of the HPLC system, Urea was injected first, the reference substances were injected in duplicate, followed by the test chemical solution in duplicate. Reference substances were injected again after test sample, no change in retention time of reference substances was observed. Retention time tR were measured, averaged and the decimal logarithms of the capacity factors k were calculated. The graph was plotted between log Koc versus log k(Annex - 2).The linear regression parameter of the relationship log Koc vs log k were also calculated from the data obtained with calibration samples and therewith, log Koc of the test substance was determined from its measured capacity factor. The reference substances were chosen according to estimated Koc range of the test substance and generalized calibration graph was prepared. The reference substances were 4-chloroaniline, 4-methylaniline, N methyl aniline, 2-Nitrophenol, Nitrobenzene, 4-Nitrobenzamide, N,N-dimethylbenzamide, N-Methylbenzamide, Benzamide, Phenanthrene having Koc value ranging from 1.239 to 4.09. The Log Koc value of test chemical was determined to be 3.024 ± 0.020 at 25°C. This log Koc value indicates that the test chemical has a moderate sorption to soil and sediment and therefore have slow migration potential to ground water.

 

For the test chemical, the adsorption coefficient Koc in soil and in sewage sludge of test chemical was determined by the Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic method according to OECD Guideline No. 121 for testing of Chemicals (Experimental study report, 2016). The solutions of the test substance and reference substances were prepared in appropriate solvents. A test item solution was prepared by accurately weighing 50mg of test item and diluted with mobile phase up to 100ml. Thus, the test solution concentration was 500mg/l. The pH of test substance was 8.10. Each of the reference substance and test substance were analysed by HPLC at 210 nm. After equilibration of the HPLC system, Urea was injected first, the reference substances were injected in duplicate, followed by the test chemical solution in duplicate. Reference substances were injected again after test sample, no change in retention time of reference substances was observed. Retention time tR were measured, averaged and the decimal logarithms of the capacity factors k were calculated. The graph was plotted between log Koc versus log k(Annex - 2).The linear regression parameter of the relationship log Koc vs log k were also calculated from the data obtained with calibration samples and therewith, log Koc of the test substance was determined from its measured capacity factor. The reference substances were chosen according to structural similarity with the test substance and calibration graph was prepared. The reference substances were Phenol, Toluene, Xylene, Ethylbenzene, Naphthalene, Phenenthrene having Koc value ranging from 1.32 to 4.09. The Log Koc value of test chemical was determined to be 3.313 ± 0.007 at 25°C. This log Koc value indicates that the test chemical has a moderate sorption to soil and sediment and therefore have slow migration potential to ground water.

 

On the basis of above overall results for test chemical, it can be concluded that thetest chemicalhas a low to moderate strong sorption to soil and sediment and therefore have moderate to slow migration potential to ground water.