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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 200-568-1 | CAS number: 63-91-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro cytogenicity / chromosome aberration study in mammalian cells
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1993
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Photochemical decompositon of organic compounds in water after UV-irradiation: investigation of positive mutagenic effects
- Author:
- I. de Veer, H.-J. Moriske, H. Ridden
- Year:
- 1 994
- Bibliographic source:
- Toxicology Letters, 72 (1994), 113-119
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 479 (Genetic Toxicology: In Vitro Sister Chromatid Exchange Assay in Mammalian Cells)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- sister chromatid exchange assay in mammalian cells
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 3-phenyl-L-alanine
- EC Number:
- 200-568-1
- EC Name:
- 3-phenyl-L-alanine
- Cas Number:
- 63-91-2
- Molecular formula:
- C9H11NO2
- IUPAC Name:
- phenylalanine
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- no data
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79)
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 2.00 mg/ml
- Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: purified water (testing with UV-radiation), DMSO (test assays without UV-radiation)
Controls
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- benzo(a)pyrene
- other: Epichlorhydrine
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- For SCE-assay V79 Chinese hamster cells were grown in minimal essential medium (MEM) with Earle’s salts supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and antibiotics. Cells were treated with the test substance for 2.5 h. Chromosome preparation and staining were performed according to standard protocols. Epichlorhydrine (1.0; 0.5; 0.25 mM) and benzo(a)pyrene (0.08; 0.04; 0.02 mM) were used as positive controls with and without metabolic activation. For each experimental data point 25 second division metaphases were scored and the mean values of SCEs per 22 chromosomes were evaluated.
In the case of testing with UV-irradiation the compounds were dissolved in 1000 ml purified water. The samples were irradiated either by low- or high-pressure vapor UV lamps with a fluence of 2500 J/m2. UV-irradiation doses up to 10 times the doses for physical disinfection were used. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was added as organic solvent to the irradiated samples. The water phase was extracted using evaporation equipment and the remaining DMSO-phase contained the organic components. Recovery rates above 90% for each compound were determined by HPLC. In parallel experiments the organic compounds were directly dissolved in DMSO for test assays without UV-irradiation. All samples were tested for mutagenicity with SCE-test.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Key result
- Species / strain:
- Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- L-phenylalanine was examined in a sister chromatid exchange (SCE)-test (V79 cells) before and after UV-irradiation. Based on results in the SCE-test a mutagenic activity was not obtained for all L-phenylalanine samples, neither before nor after UV-irradiation.
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