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EC number: 225-822-9 | CAS number: 5102-83-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Description of key information
The test item did not exert mutagenic activity in the reverse bacterial mutation assay (plate incorporation assay and pre-incubation assay according to Prival) with and without metabolic activation.
The test item was tested for DNA-damaging effects on rat hepatocytes in vitro. The investigations were performed with concentrations of 2, 10, 50 and 250 µg/ml. Testing of higher concentrations was not possible, because higher concentrations caused strong precipitations which rendered the microscopical evaluation of the specimens impossible. There were no marked differences in the number of silver grains per nucleus in the vehicle control and in the cultures treated with the various concentrations of the test item. The results with the positive control substance were within the normal range.
The test item was tested for DNA-damaging effects on human fibroblasts in vitro. The investigations were performed with concentrations of 2, 10, 50 and 250 µg/ml. Testing of higher concentrations was not possible, because higher concentrations caused strong precipitations which rendered the microscopical evaluation of the specimens impossible. There were no marked differences in the number of silver grains per nucleus in the vehicle control and in the cultures treated with the various concentrations of the test item. The results with the positive control substance were within the normal range.
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From 14 JUL 2006 to 25 JUL 2006
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study (OECD TG 471), with Prival modification for azo-dyes
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- in accordance with German Chemikaliengesetz and Directive 88/320/EEC
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Species / strain / cell type:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- rat liver S9 (experiment I); hamster liver S9 (experiment II)
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- Experiment I: 3, 10, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 2500, 5000 µg/plate
Experiment II: 33, 100, 333, 1000, 2500, 5000 µg/plate - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: solubility properties of the solvent and its relative non-toxicity to the bacteria - Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: sodium azide (TA 1535 and TA 100), 4-Nitro-o-phenylene-diamine (TA 1537 and TA 98), methyl methane sulfonate (WP2 uvrA)
- Remarks:
- without metabolic activation
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-aminoanthracene
- Remarks:
- with metabolic activation (rat liver S9 mix)
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-aminoanthracene (TA 1535, TA 100, TA 1537, WP2 uvrA), congo red (TA 98)
- Remarks:
- with metabolic activation (hamster liver S9 mix)
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION:
Experiment I: plate incorporation assay with induced rat liver S9 mix (induction with phenobarbital/ß-naphthoflavone)
Experiment II: preincubation assay with non-induced hamster liver S9 mix
DURATION
- Preincubation period: Experiment II: 30° C for 30 up to 35 (strains TA 98, TA 100, WP2 uvrA) minutes
- Exposure duration: at least 48 hours
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 3 plates per strain and dose level, including the controls - Evaluation criteria:
- A test item is considered as a mutagen if a biologically relevant increase in the number of revertants exceeding the threshold of twice (strains TA 98, TA 100, WP2 uvrA) or thrice (strains TA 1535, TA 1537) the colony count of the corresponding solvent colony is observed.
A dose dependent increase is considered biologically relevant if the threshold is exceeded at more than one concentration.
An increase exceeding the threshold at only one concentration is judged as biologically relevant if reproduced in an independent second experiment.
A dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies below the thresshold is regarded as an indication of mutagenic potential if reproduced in an independent second experiment. however, whenever the colony counts remain within the historical range of negative annd solvent controls such as an increase is not considered biologically relevant. - Statistics:
- Arithmetic means and standard deviation of the counted colonies were calculated.
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation: of the test item occured at concentrations of 1000 µg/plate and more. Nevertheless the colonies could be counted manually.
COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA: there were no biologically relevant deviations - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative
The test item did not exert mutagenic activity in the reverse bacterial mutation assay (plate incorporation assay and pre-incubation assay according to Prival) with and without metabolic activation. - Executive summary:
Mutagenic activity of the test item was investigated in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA98 and TA100 as well as Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA with (induced rat liver S9 mix) and without metabolic activation at concentrations of 3, 10, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 2500 and 5000 µg/plate using the plate incorporation assay. Due to the test items characteristic as an azo-dye the test was also conducted using the Prival modification, i.e. testing the above mentioned bacterial strains in the preincubation assay with uninduced hamster liver S9 mix for metabolic activation. This test was performed using the concentrations 33, 100, 333, 1000, 2500 and 5000 µg/plate.
The test item did not reveal any mutagenic activity under the conditions tested. The appropriate reference mutagenes showed distinct positive mutagenic effects.
- Endpoint:
- in vitro DNA damage and/or repair study
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: DNA damage and/or repair
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From 25 MAR 1985 to 29 APR 1985
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions (e.g. no replication of study results, purity and compositions of test item not given)
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 482 (Genetic Toxicology: DNA Damage and Repair, Unscheduled DNA Synthesis in Mammalian Cells In Vitro)
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- DNA damage and repair assay, unscheduled DNA synthesis in mammalian cells in vitro
- Species / strain / cell type:
- hepatocytes: rat
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 2, 10, 50, 250 µg/ml
- Vehicle / solvent:
- ethyl alcohol
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- N-dimethylnitrosamine
- Species / strain:
- hepatocytes: rat
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation: At the concentrations of 500 and 1000 µg/ml strong precipitations of the test substance rendered impossible any microscopical evaluation of the specimens in the pretest. Therefore, 250 µg/ml was chosen as the highest concentration. - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results:
negative
There was no evidence of induction of DNA damage by the test item under the given experimental conditions. - Executive summary:
The test item was tested for DNA-damaging effects on rat hepatocytes in vitro. The investigations were performed with concentrations of 2, 10, 50 and 250 µg/ml. Testing of higher concentrations was not possible, because higher concentrations caused strong precipitations which rendered the microscopical evaluation of the specimens impossible. There were no marked differences in the number of silver grains per nucleus in the vehicle control and in the cultures treated with the various concentrations of the test item. The results with the positive control substance were within the normal range.
- Endpoint:
- in vitro DNA damage and/or repair study
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: DNA damage and/or repair
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From 16 APR 1985 to 7 MAY 1985
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions (e.g. no replication of study results, purity and composition of test item not given)
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 482 (Genetic Toxicology: DNA Damage and Repair, Unscheduled DNA Synthesis in Mammalian Cells In Vitro)
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- DNA damage and repair assay, unscheduled DNA synthesis in mammalian cells in vitro
- Species / strain / cell type:
- other: human fibroblasts (CRL 1121)
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 2, 10, 50, 250 µg/ml
- Vehicle / solvent:
- ethyl alcohol
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide
- Species / strain:
- other: human fibroblasts (CRL 1121)
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation: At the concentrations of 500 and 1000 µg/ml strong precipitations of the test substance rendered impossible any microscopical evaluation of the specimens in the pretest. Therefore, 250 µg/ml was chosen as the highest concentration. - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative
There was no evidence of induction of DNA damage by the test item under the given experimental conditions. - Executive summary:
The test item was tested for DNA-damaging effects on human fibroblasts in vitro. The investigations were performed with concentrations of 2, 10, 50 and 250 µg/ml. Testing of higher concentrations was not possible, because higher concentrations caused strong precipitations which rendered the microscopical evaluation of the specimens impossible. There were no marked differences in the number of silver grains per nucleus in the vehicle control and in the cultures treated with the various concentrations of the test item. The results with the positive control substance were within the normal range.
Referenceopen allclose all
The test item showed no mutagenic activity in both experiments (plate incorporation assay, preincubation assay) each with and without metabolic activation.
The test item did not increase the mean value of silver grains per nucleus in comparison to controls. The positive control substance (100 mM) yielded a marked increase in the mean value of silver grains per nucleus.
The test item did not increase the mean value of silver grains per nucleus in comparison to controls. The positive control substance (5 µM) yielded a marked increase in the mean value of silver grains per nucleus.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (negative)
Genetic toxicity in vivo
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Justification for classification or non-classification
No classification
The test item did no show any potential for mutagenicity or DNA damage.
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