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EC number: 231-589-4 | CAS number: 7646-79-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Sediment toxicity
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Relevant and reliable data that could be used for classification and PNEC for sediment-dwelling organisms were retrieved for three species: Hyalella azteca, Tubifex tubifex, Lumbriculus variegatus. The toxicity values range from 698 mg Co/kg for H. azteca to >2170 mg Co/kg for L. variegatus. Tests followed international accepted guidance and were based on measured levels of cobalt dichloride.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 or LC50 for freshwater sediment:
- 1 703 mg/kg sediment dw
- EC10, LC10 or NOEC for freshwater sediment:
- 698 mg/kg sediment dw
Additional information
Freshwater:
High quality chronic toxicity tests were identified for three benthic invertebrates. EC10 values ranged from 698 mg Co/kg for Hyalella azteca (OSU 2018) to >2170 mg Co/kg for Lumbriculus variegatus (Nguyen et al., 2009b). Cobalt toxicity (on the basis of EC10 values - mg Co/kg sediment [dry weight] - for the most sensitive endpoint) for the three benthic species can be ranked as follows: H. azteca > T. tubifex > L. variegatus. The following table indicates those EC10 values of high quality that have been carried forward for the HC5 and PNEC derivation.
Table Selected values for the most sensitive endpoints used for derivation of the freshwater sediment HC5
|
Species |
Endpoint |
Value (mg Co/kg dw) |
OSU 2018
|
Hyalella azteca
|
Growth: EC10
|
698 |
Nguyen et al (2009a)
|
Tubifex tubifex |
Reproduction: EC10
|
1176
|
Nguyen et al (2009b)
|
Lumbriculus variegatus
|
Survival: EC10
|
>2170
|
Available data suggests that cobalt bioavailability is affected by sediment physical: chemical characteristics. No chronic effects of cobalt were observed when SEMCo/AVS ≤ 1 (SEMCo-AVS ≤ 0), implying the applicability of the SEM/AVS approach for predicting cobalt sediment toxicity. Additional empirical studies are on-going that will aid in the characterization and quantification of those sediment parameters that affect cobalt bioavailability.
Marine:
Limited reliable acute or chronic toxicity data for the marine sediment compartment were identified in the open literature or grey literature. It was, therefore, decided to derive a PNECsediment, marine from the previously derived PNECsediment,freshwater. Because of the observed decreased sensitivity of marine water-column dwelling organisms versus freshwater water-column dwelling organisms, it was felt that the use of the PNECsediment, freshwater was an environmentally conservative approach that would be protective of the marine environment. Studies are on-going that will validate the acceptability of this assumption.
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