Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 273-723-4 | CAS number: 69012-24-4 Electrolytic solution from electrolysis of zinc sulfate consisting primarily of zinc sulfate, manganese oxides and sulfuric acid.
Manufacture, use & exposure
Formulation
Formulation
- Registration/ Notification status for the use:
- use registered according to REACH Article 10; total tonnage manufactured/imported >=10tonnes/year per registrant
- Use name:
- formulation of fertilizer products
Contributing activity / technique for the environment
- Name of activity / technique:
- formulation of fertilizer products
- Environmental release category (ERC):
- ERC2: Formulation into mixture
Contributing activity / technique for workersopen allclose all
- Name of activity / technique:
- Bulk delivery of product
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8a: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Sampling
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 15: Use as laboratory reagent
- Name of activity / technique:
- Dosing and feeding to fertilizer process
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacturing of substance containing fertilizers (reactor – granulation – drying -screening –cooling - coating)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 2: Chemical production or refinery in closed continuous process with occasional controlled exposure or processes with equivalent containment conditions
- PROC 4: Chemical production where opportunity for exposure arises
- Name of activity / technique:
- Manufacturing of substance containing fertilizers (reactor – granulation – drying -screening –cooling - coating)
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 5: Mixing or blending in batch processes
- Name of activity / technique:
- Granulation
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 14: Tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation
- Name of activity / technique:
- Conveyors to bulk storage and packaging
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC 8b: Transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at dedicated facilities
- PROC 9: Transfer of substance or mixture into small containers (dedicated filling line, including weighing)
- Name of activity / technique:
- Maintenance activities
- Process category (PROC):
- PROC28: Manual maintenance (cleaning and repair) of machinery
- Product category formulated:
- PC 12: Fertilisers
- Substance supplied to that use in form of:
- as such
- Related assessment:
- use assessed in an own CSR
Contributing scenario for the environment (related to workers activities)
Conditions of use for the environment
Conditions and measures related to Biological Sewage Treatment Plant
- Biological Sewage Treatment Plant (STP):
- municipal biological STP
Conditions and measures related to external treatment of waste (including article waste)
- Particular considerations on the waste treatment operations:
- no
Other conditions affecting environmental exposure
Releases to waste and the environment
ReleasesWasteEnvirRepopen allclose all
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- wastewater
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Remarks:
- SPERC
- Release from the site to::
- non-agricultural soil
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- wastewater
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Remarks:
- SPERC
- Release from the site to::
- non-agricultural soil
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
Release to the environment
ReleaseEnvirRepopen allclose all
- Release from the site to::
- wastewater
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Release from the site to::
- ambient air
- Release estimation method:
- estimated release factor
- Remarks:
- SPERC
- Release from the site to::
- non-agricultural soil
- Release estimation method:
- ERC
Release to external waste
Exposure of the environment
ExpEnvirRelatedToRepopen allclose all
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
PECopen allclose all
- Exposed compartment:
- freshwater
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- marine water
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sediment (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- sewage treatment plant
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- air
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- agricultural soil
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (freshwater)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- top predators' prey (marine water)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposed compartment:
- predators' prey (terrestrial)
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
Exposure of humans via the environment
ExpRelatedToRepopen allclose all
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- EUSES
ContribScenWorkersRepopen allclose all
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
- Place of use:
- outdoor
Exposure of workers
ExpWorkersRepopen allclose all
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
- Place of use:
- outdoor
Exposure of workers
ExpWorkersRepopen allclose all
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
- Place of use:
- indoor
Exposure of workers
ExpWorkersRepopen allclose all
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
- Place of use:
- indoor
Exposure of workers
ExpWorkersRepopen allclose all
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
- Place of use:
- indoor
Exposure of workers
ExpWorkersRepopen allclose all
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
TechCondRepopen allclose all
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
- Place of use:
- indoor
Exposure of workers
ExpWorkersRepopen allclose all
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- dermal
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
- Place of use:
- indoor
Exposure of workers
ExpWorkersRepopen allclose all
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
Contributing scenario for the workers
Conditions of use for workers
Product (article) characteristics
Amounts used (or contained in articles), frequency and duration of use/exposure
Technical and organisational conditions and measures
Technical and organisational conditions
Effectiveness
- Route affected:
- inhalation
Conditions and measures related to personal protection, hygiene and health evaluation
PPERepopen allclose all
Other conditions affecting workers exposure
- Place of use:
- indoor
Exposure of workers
ExpWorkersRepopen allclose all
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
ExpEstopen allclose all
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- inhalation (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) long-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) short-term exposure
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
- Type of exposure:
- dermal (external) local concentration on skin
- Exposure estimation method:
- exposure estimation tool
- Exposure estimation tool name:
- MEASE
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
