Lead Carbonate Intermediate

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Remarks:

Good performed study according to GLP.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

no

Details on test solutions:

Due to the low water solubility of the test item, the study was performed with a WAF with a nominal loading rate of 100 mg/L, prepared with daphnia dilution water according to OECD 202. For preparing the WAF 84.5 mg of the clay-like solid test item was weighted into a mortar; a small volume of daphnia dilution water was added and the test item was homogenized with a spattle. The suspended test item was transferred with daphnia dilution water into the beaker, filled up with medium to a volume of 845 mL and stirred for 24 hours at 20-21°C in the dark. For stirring an overhead high-grade stainless steel radial impeller was used (about 680 rpm). After stirring for 24 hours, the particles were allowed to sediment for a period of 1 hour. The particles either settled to the ground or swam at the surface. Therefore the WAF was uncoloured and clear. The WAF used in the test was withdrawn from the middle of the beaker and transferred into the test vessels.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

Daphnia magna Straus originates from a clone breeding of the German Federal Environmental Agency, department IV 2.4, Berline. The current breeding is held at Hydrotox GmbH since February 2007. Twice a week the animals are placed into fresh Elendt-Medium M4 (according to OECD 202).

Because the test medium differed from the medium used for the routine daphnids culture, a pre-test acclimation period was included. For that, daphnids were held in the test medium for 48h prior to the start of the test.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Test temperature:

18 - 21 °C

pH:

7.77 - 7.88

Dissolved oxygen:

7.5 - 8.2 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

100 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

Four replicates each containing 20 mL test solution and as controls four replicates with 20 mL dilution water which had been stirred in the same way as the WAF were prepared in 50 mL beakers. The pH and the oxygen content were determined and five daphnia were inserted into each beaker.
In addition, one vessel with test solution and one vessel with dilution water, each without animals, were prepared for the analysis of the metal concentration without any interference from the test organisms.
Light dark cycle of 16 : 8 hours.

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

See IUCLID Section 13 for Analogue approach report.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Justification for type of information:

Hypothesis for read-across: The main component of the target substance “Reaction product of lead chloride or lead sulphate with alkaline solution” is lead (Pb). Pb salts used as source material are waste materials produced by Pb battery recycling process or by-products of the hydrometallurgical upgrading of PGM rich lead bullion. Therefore, available data from Pb compounds was used for read-across. The test substance is waste material from lead battery reprocessing, which is similar to the target substance and therefore considered applicable for read-across.
See IUCLID Section 13 for Analogue approach report.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Description of key information

For aquatic invertebrates, 21 acute toxicity data points were considered for read-across purposes. Test data (1 study) was available for Pb battery reprocessing waste, which was considered to be close to the target substnce based on its composition and physico-chemical properties. In addition, data was available for lead dichloride (4 studies) and lead dinitrate (16 studies).

Additional information

The following lowest acute toxicity values (EC50) were reported:

Wastes, Pb battery reprocessing: > 100 mg/L (D. magna, pH 7.77 -7.88, hardness -)

Lead dichloride: > 0.107 mg/L dissolved Pb (C. dubia, pH 7.94, hardness 280 -300 mg/L)

Lead dinitrate: 0.026 mg/L dissolved Pb (C. dubia, pH 8.0 -8.2, hardness 20 -30 mg/L)