Sodium sulphate

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Literature data

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Toxicity of Laundry Detergent Components to a Freshwater Cladoceran and Their Contribution to Detergent Toxicity

Author:

Warne M. St. J. and Schifko A. D.

Year:

1999

Bibliographic source:

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 44, 196}206 (1999), Environmental Research, Section B, Article ID eesa.1999.1824.

Materials and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The acute 48-h immobilization tests was conducted using methods developed by the NSW Environment Protection Authority (Warne and Julli, in press).

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Sodium sulphate

EC Number:

231-820-9

EC Name:

Sodium sulphate

Cas Number:

7757-82-6

Molecular formula:

H2O4S.2Na

IUPAC Name:

disodium sulfate

Details on test material:

Storage
- Temperature: 22 ± 2°C
- Light/dark: dark

Test solutions

Details on test solutions:

Stock solutions was made by dissolving the appropriate amount in 1 or 2 L of the water and then gently stirred for 12 h in the dark at 23±1°C using Teflon magnetic stirrers.
Light was excluded during the stirring to minimize photodegradation of the chemicals.
Stock solutions were diluted to the appropriate concentrations immediately prior to the commencement of a test.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Ceriodaphnia dubia

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
Culture:
C. cf. dubia were cultured and tested at 23±1°C in dechlorinated Sydney mains water which was fltered (1 lm), aged (1 month), and adjusted to 500 µS/cm with seawater. Cultures of C. cf. dubia were maintained in 2-L glass beakers and transferred to fresh water three times weekly.
Food was provided after water renewal at a concentration of 25000 cells/ml of each of the unicellular algae Pseudokirchneriellia subcapitata Printz (formerly named Selenastrum capricornutum) and Ankistrodesmus sp.
All neonates used in the toxicity tests were less than 24 h old.

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Test conditions

Test temperature:

23 ± 1°C

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
Each bioassay consisted of five concentrations of substance arranged in a geometric series, plus a control.
- Test vessel: 250 mL glass beakers, which held 200 mL of solution
- No. of organisms per vessel: five cladocera were randomly allocated to each test beaker and each treatment in a test was triplicated.

TEST CONDITIONS
The temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and conductivity of the test solutions were measured immediately prior to the addition of the cladocera and on completion of each bioassay.
- Photoperiod: 16:8-h light to dark regime
- Light intensity: 1000 lx at the surface of the solutions.

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: immobilization that was defined as the absence of visible movement by the cladocera within 15 s of gentle agitation of the test solution (ASTM, 1988).

VALIDATION CRITERIA
Tests were considered invalid and the data not included in the study if more than 10% of the control neonates were immobilized.

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

ca. 3 150.21 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

ca. 22.178 mmol/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95

Details on results:

EC50 at 48h: 3150.21 mg/L (CL: 2807-3535)
EC50 at 48h: 22.1783 mmol/L (CL: 19.76-24.89)

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Ceriodaphnia dubia EC50 at 48h: 3150.21 mg/L (CL: 2807-3535)
Ceriodaphnia dubia EC50 at 48h: 22.1783 mmol/L (CL: 19.76-24.89)

Executive summary:

The acute 48-h immobilization tests on Cladoceran C. cf. dubia was conducted using methods developed by the NSW Environment Protection Authority (Warne and Julli, in press). Each bioassay consisted of five concentrations of a detergent component arranged in a geometric series, plus a control. Five cladocera were randomly allocated to each test beaker and each treatment in a test was triplicated.

Results

Ceriodaphnia dubia EC50 at 48h: 3150.21 mg/L (CL: 2807-3535)

Ceriodaphnia dubia EC50 at 48h: 22.1783 mmol/L (CL: 19.76-24.89)