2,4-dinitroanisole

Long-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

adult fish: sub(lethal) effects

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

This study was published online on 05 Decemeber

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study without detailed documentation

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: US Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. Short-Term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater Organisms, 4th ed. EPA 821/R-02/013. Washington, DC.

Deviations:

not specified

GLP compliance:

not specified

Remarks:

Study conducted to a high scientific standard and findings presented in a comprehensive test report.

Specific details on test material used for the study:

SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source of test material: Holston Army Ammunition Plant
- Appearance: dry yellow powder
- Purity: >95%

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Laboratory control samples and duplicates and matrix spike and duplicates were analyzed with test samples at a frequency of 5%.

Details on test solutions:

DNAN was ground to a fine powder by mortar and pestle. The desired DNAN mass and moderately hard reconstituted water volume were magnetically stirred (StableTemp Ceramic Stirring Hot Plate,700rpm;Cole-Parmer Instrument) at 22”C in the dark.
Nominally (mg/L): 25 12.5, 6.3, 3.1, 1.6, and 0.8 DNAN

Test organisms (species):

Pimephales promelas

Details on test organisms:

Pimephales promelas (< 24h old) were obtained from a commercial source (Aquatic Biosystems) and held to acclimate overnight while being provided a daily ration of Artemia nauplii.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

7 d

Test temperature:

25”C

Nominal and measured concentrations:

nominal

Details on test conditions:

Chronic toxicity tests using P.promelas were conducted in accordance with the USEPA at 25°C. Bioassays consisted of 5 to 6 test concentrations (nominally (mg/L) 25, 12.5, 6.3, 3.1, 1.6, and 0.8 DNAN). The chronic toxicity methods involved daily, static water renewals (80% for P. promelas) using freshly prepared DNAN solution. In-water and out-water samples were collected daily and submitted to the US Army Institute of Public Health for determination of concentration by gas chromatography (described in Analytical method). Water-quality parameters were assessed daily on Inter- and intraspecies sensitivity to dinitroanisole both in- and out-water samples. The chronic P. promelas bioassay was conducted for 7d, and each exposure concentration consisted of 5 replicates (250-mL glass beakers containing 10 fish and 200mL test medium) and received a twice-daily feeding ration of Artemia nauplii to support growth. Survival, biomass, and growth (dry wt) were assessed. Surviving fish were collected, dried in a desiccator for 24h, and weighed on a microbalance to 0.001mg (AX26DR [Delta Range]; Mettler Toledo).

Key result

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

2.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks:

Survival

Key result

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

11.6 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks:

Survival

Key result

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

>= 8.8 - <= 11.2 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks:

/ Survival

Key result

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

other: MATC = maximum acceptable toxicant concentration

Effect conc.:

5.7 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks:

Survival

Key result

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

11.6 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks:

Sublethal

Key result

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

24.6 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks:

Sublethal

Key result

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

other: MATC¼maximum acceptable toxicant concentration

Effect conc.:

16.9 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks:

Sublethal

Details on results:

Chemical stability and fate dinitroanisole was stable under static conditions for at least 48h in both the absence and the presence of test organisms. Analysis of the concentration and stability of DNAN in both filtered and unfiltered moderately hard reconstituted water over a 48-h period indicated that the magnetic stirring method fully dissolved the DNAN to a stable concentration. No significant differences in DNAN concentration were observed between preparation methods (unfiltered vs filtered) or over time.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The 50% lethal concentration (LC50) values of DNAN ranged from 8.8 mg/L to 11.2 mg/L, whereas NOEC of DNAN was found to be 2.8 mg/L for the tested fish species.

Executive summary:

A determination of the chronic toxicity to fish of DNAN was conducted (Kennedy, A.J et al, 2014). Tests were conducted in accordance with standard guidance (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 2002, EPA-821-R-02-013. 

Groups of Pimephales promelas were expose to nominal concentrations of 25, 12.5, 6.3, 3.1, 1.6, 0.8 mg/L of DNAN.

It was concluded that 7-days 50% lethal concentration (LC50) values of DNAN ranged from 8.8 mg/L to 11.2 mg/L, whereas NOEC of DNAN was found to be 2.8 mg/L for the tested fish species.

Description of key information

The 7-day toxicity (NOEC) of DNAN was found to be 2.8 mg/L for the tested fish species.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

2.8 mg/L

Additional information

A determination of the chronic toxicity to fish of DNAN was conducted (Kennedy, A.J et al, 2014). Tests were conducted in accordance with standard guidance (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 2002, EPA-821-R-02-013. 

Groups of Pimephales promelas were expose to nominal concentrations of 25, 12.5, 6.3, 3.1, 1.6, 0.8 mg/L of DNAN.

It was concluded that 7-days 50% lethal concentration (LC50) values of DNAN ranged from 8.8 mg/L to 11.2 mg/L, whereas NOEC of DNAN was found to be 2.8 mg/L for the tested fish species.