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Reference
Endpoint:
activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
12 - 13 July, 2017
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test (Carbon and Ammonium Oxidation))
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Identification: DNAN
- Physical state/Appearance: pale yellow powder
- Batch: 55506325
- Purity: 99%
- Expiry Date: 28 April 2019
- Storage Conditions: room temperature in the dark
Analytical monitoring:
not specified
Details on sampling:
The activated sewage sludge sample was maintained on continuous aeration in the laboratory at a temperature of approximately 21 ºC overnight prior to use in the test. On the day of collection the activated sewage sludge (4L) was fed synthetic sewage (200 mL). The pH of the sample on the day of the test was 7.6 measured using a Hach HQ40d Flexi handheld meter. Determination of the suspended solids level of the activated sewage sludge was carried out by filtering a sample (100 mL) of the activated sewage sludge by suction through a pre-weighed GF/A filter paper* using a Buchner funnel which was then rinsed 3 times with 10 mL of deionized reverse osmosis water and filtration continued for 3 minutes. The filter paper was then dried in an oven at approximately 105 ºC for at least one hour and allowed to cool before weighing. This process was repeated until a constant weight was attained. The suspended solids concentration was equal to 3.0 g/L prior to use.

At time "0" 16 mL of synthetic sewage was diluted to 250 mL with water and 250 mL of inoculum added in a 500 mL conical flask (first control). The mixture was aerated with clean, oil-free compressed air via narrow bore glass tubes at a rate of 0.5 to 1.0 L/min. Thereafter, at 15 minute intervals the procedure was repeated for the second control followed by the reference item vessels with appropriate amounts of the reference item being added. The test item vessels were prepared as described in Section 3.3.1.1. Finally two further control vessels were prepared.

The test was conducted under normal laboratory lighting in a temperature controlled room at a measured temperature of 20 ºC.
Vehicle:
no
Details on test solutions:
In the range-finding test, activated sewage sludge micro-organisms were exposed to a series of nominal test concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L. The test item was dispersed directly in water.
Nominal amounts of test item (5, 50 and 500 mg (500 mg in triplicate)) were each separately dispersed in approximately 200 mL of deionized reverse osmosis water and subjected to ultrasonication for approximately 15 minutes followed by magnetic stirring for 24 hours, at room temperature, in order to maximize the dissolved test item concentration. All test vessels were shielded from the light during mixing. Synthetic sewage (16 mL), activated sewage sludge (250 mL) and water were added to a final volume of 500 mL to give the required concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L (3 replicates).
The pH of the test item dispersions was measured after stirring using Hach HQ40d Flexi handheld meter (see Table 1) and adjusted to between pH 7.0 and 8.0 if necessary.
Test organisms (species):
activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
Details on inoculum:
A mixed population of activated sewage sludge micro-organisms was obtained on 12 July 2017 from the aeration stage of the Severn Trent Water Plc sewage treatment plant at Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK which treats predominantly domestic sewage.

The activated sewage sludge sample was maintained on continuous aeration in the laboratory at a temperature of approximately 21 ºC overnight prior to use in the test. On the day of collection the activated sewage sludge (4 L) was fed synthetic sewage (200 mL). The pH of the sample on the day of the test was 7.6 measured using a Hach HQ40d Flexi handheld meter. Determination of the suspended solids level of the activated sewage sludge was carried out by filtering a sample (100 mL) of the activated sewage sludge by suction through a pre-weighed GF/A filter paper* using a Buchner funnel which was then rinsed 3 times with 10 mL of deionized reverse osmosis water and filtration continued for 3 minutes. The filter paper was then dried in an oven at approximately 105 ºC for at least one hour and allowed to cool before weighing. This process was repeated until a constant weight was attained. The suspended solids concentration was equal to 3.0 g/L prior to use.
Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
yes
Total exposure duration:
3 h
Hardness:
NA
Test temperature:
20°C
pH:
6.5 - 8.2
Dissolved oxygen:
6.57 - 8.86 mg/L
Salinity:
NA
Conductivity:
Not specified
Nominal and measured concentrations:
nominal concentrations (mg/L): 0, 10, 100, 1000.
Details on test conditions:
As each vessel reached 3 hours contact time an aliquot was removed from the conical flask and poured into the measuring vessel (250 mL darkened glass Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) bottle) and the rate of respiration measured using a Yellow Springs dissolved oxygen meter fitted with a BOD probe. The contents of the measuring vessel were stirred constantly by magnetic stirrer. The rate of respiration for each flask was measured over the linear portion of the oxygen consumption trace (where possible between 7 mg O2/L and 2 mg O2/L). In the case of a rapid oxygen consumption, measurements may have been outside this range but the oxygen consumption was always within the linear portion of the respiration curve. In the case of low oxygen consumption, the rate was determined over an approximate 10 minute period.
Reference substance (positive control):
yes
Remarks:
3,5-dichlorophenol
Key result
Duration:
3 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 10 - <= 100 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth inhibition
Key result
Duration:
3 h
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
10 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
growth inhibition
Details on results:
The dissolved oxygen concentrations in all vessels after 30 minutes contact time are given in Table 2. Oxygen consumption rates and percentage inhibition values for the control, test and reference item after 3 hours contact time are given in Table 3. The pH values of the test preparations at the start and end of the exposure period are given in Table 4. Observations made on the test preparations throughout the range-finding test are given in Table 5.

The dissolved oxygen concentrations after 30 minutes contact time in all vessels were above 60% of the dissolved oxygen saturation level of 8.9 mg O2/L.

No statistically significant toxic effects were shown at the test concentration of 10 mg/L, however statistically significant toxic effects were shown at the test concentrations of 100 and 1000 mg/L.

It was considered unnecessary and unrealistic to test at concentrations in excess of 1000 mg/L.

Based on these results and after discussion with the Sponsor, it was considered unnecessary to perform a definitive test.
Results with reference substance (positive control):
The reference item gave a 3-Hour EC50 value of 5.2 mg/L, 95% confidence limits 3.9 to 7.0 mg/L.
Reported statistics and error estimates:
None

None

Validity criteria fulfilled:
yes
Conclusions:
The effect of the test item on the respiration of activated sewage sludge gave a 3-Hour EC50 value of between 10 and 100 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) after 3 hours exposure was 10 mg/L.
Executive summary:

A study was performed to assess the effect of the test item on the respiration of activated sewage sludge. The method followed was designed to be compatible with the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals (2010) No. 209 "Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test (Carbon and Ammonium Oxidation)".

Activated sewage sludge was exposed to an aqueous dispersion of the test item at concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L (3 replicates of the 1000 mg/L test concentration) for a period of 3 hours at a measured temperature of 20 °C with the addition of a synthetic sewage as a respiratory substrate.

The rate of respiration was determined after 3 hours contact time and compared to data for the control and a reference item, 3,5-dichlorophenol.

The effect of the test item on the respiration of activated sewage sludge gave a 3-Hour EC50 value of between 10 and 100 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) after 3 hours exposure was 10 mg/L.

The reference item gave a 3-Hour EC50 value of 5.2 mg/L, 95% confidence limits 3.9 to 7.0 mg/L.

Description of key information

3 -hour exposure gave EC50 value of between 10 and 100 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) after 3 hours exposure was found to be 10 mg/L.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC50 for microorganisms:
10 mg/L
EC10 or NOEC for microorganisms:
10 mg/L

Additional information

The effect of the test item on the respiration of activated sewage sludge gave a 3 -Hour EC50 value of between 10 and 100 mg/L. The lower value is taken as the key value for chemical safety assessment (worst case).

The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) after 3 hours exposure was 10 mg/L.