Tetramethylammonium chloride

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

16 October 2012 - 15 January 2013

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: The study has been performed according to OECD and/or EC guidelines and according to GLP principles.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2013

Report date:

2013

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 476 (In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.17 (Mutagenicity - In Vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation Test)

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The recommendations of the “International Workshop on Genotoxicity Tests Workgroup” (the IWGT), published in the literature (Clive et al., 1995, Moore et al., 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2006 and 2007).

GLP compliance:

yes

Type of assay:

mammalian cell gene mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

TMAH pentahydrate

IUPAC Name:

TMAH pentahydrate

Test material form:

solid: particulate/powder

Remarks:

migrated information: powder

Details on test material:

- Physical state: White powder
- Stability under test conditions: Stable
- Storage condition of test material: At room temperature in the dark

Method

Target gene:

Thymidine kinase (TK) locus in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells

Species / strain

Species / strain / cell type:

mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells

Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):

- Type and identity of media:
- RPMI 1640 Hepes buffered medium (Dutch modification) containing penicillin/streptomycin (50 U/ml and 50 μg/ml, respectively), 1 mM sodium pyruvate and 2 mM L-glutamin supplemented with 10% (v/v) heat-inactivated horse serum (=R10 medium).
- Properly maintained: yes
- Periodically checked for Mycoplasma contamination: yes
- Periodically checked for karyotype stability: no
- Periodically "cleansed" against high spontaneous background: yes

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

Rat liver S9-mix induced by a combination of phenobarbital and ß-naphthoflavone.

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

Dose range finding test:
Without and with S9-mix, 3 hours treatment: 33, 100, 333, 1000, 1812 µg/mL
Without S9-mix, 24 hours treatment: 33, 100, 333, 1000, 1812 µg/ml
Experiment 1:
Without S9-mix, 3 hours treatment: 1, 3, 10, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 1812 µg/mL
With S9-mix, 3 hours treatment: 1, 3, 10, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 1812 µg/mL
Experiment 2
Without S9-mix, 24 hours treatment: 1, 3, 10, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 1812 µg/mL
With S9-mix, 3 hours treatment: 1, 3, 10, 33, 100, 333, 1000, 1812 μg/mL

Vehicle / solvent:

- Solvent used: RPMI 1640 (Exposure medium, Hepes buffered medium (Dutch modification) (Invitrogen Corporation, Breda, The Netherlands)).
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle:
Test compound was soluble in RPMI 1640 and RPMI 1640 has been accepted and approved by authorities and international guidelines.

Controls

Controls 1

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

methylmethanesulfonate

other: 15 and 5 μg/ml for 3 and 24 hours treatment period, respectively.

Remarks:

without S9

Migrated to IUCLID6: 15 µg/mL for the 3 hours treatment period and 5 µg/mL for the 24 hours treatment period

Controls 2

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

cyclophosphamide

other: 10 μg/ml.

Remarks:

with S9

Migrated to IUCLID6: 7.5 µg/mL

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium

DURATION
- Exposure duration:
Short-term treatment
With and without S9-mix: 3 hours
Prolonged treatment period
Without S9-mix: 24 hours
- Expression time (cells in growth medium): 2 days
- Selection time (if incubation with a selection agent): 11 to 12 days

SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays): trifluorothymidine (TFT)

NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS:
- Solvent controls: Duplicate cultures
- Treatment groups and positive control: Single cultures

NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: 9.6 x 10E5 cells plated/concentration

DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: relative suspension growth (dose range finding test) and relative total growth (mutation experiments)

Evaluation criteria:

ACCEPTABILITY OF THE ASSAY
A mutation assay was considered acceptable if it met the following criteria:
a) The absolute cloning efficiency of the solvent controls (CEday2) is between 65 and 120%. An acceptable number of surviving cells (106) could be analysed for expression of the TK mutation.
b) The spontaneous mutation frequency in the solvent control is ≥ 50 per 106 survivors and ≤ 170 per 106 survivors.
c) The growth rate (GR) over the 2-day expression period for the negative controls should be between 8 and 32 (3 hours treatment) and between 32-180 (24 hours treatment).
d) The mutation frequency of MMS should not be below 500 per 106 survivors, and for CP not below 700 per 106 survivors.

DATA EVALUATION
Any increase of the mutation frequency should be evaluated for its biological relevance including a comparison of the results with the historical control data range.

A test substance is considered positive (mutagenic) in the mutation assay if it induces a MF of more than MF(controls) + 126 in a dose-dependent manner. An observed increase should be biologically relevant and will be compared with the historical control data range.

A test substance is considered equivocal (questionable) in the mutation assay if no clear conclusion for positive or negative result can be made after an additional confirmation study.

A test substance is considered negative (not mutagenic) in the mutation assay if:
a) None of the tested concentrations reaches a mutation frequency of MF(controls) + 126.
b) The results are confirmed in an independently repeated test.

Statistics:

The global evaluation factor (GEF) has been defined by the IWTGP as the mean of the negative/solvent MF distribution plus one standard deviation. For the micro well version of the assay the GEF is 126.

Results and discussion

Test results

Species / strain:

mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS:
- Effects of pH: No, pH at highest concentration (1812 μg/ml (= 10 mM)) was 7.9 versus 7.3 in the solvent control.
- Effects of osmolality: No, osmolality at highest concentration (1812 μg/ml (= 10 mM)) was 0.308 Osm/kg versus 0.311 Osm/kg in the solvent control.
- Precipitation: No precipitation in the exposure medium was observed at any concentration.

RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES:
- No toxicity was observed up to the precipitating dose levels of 1812 μg/ml in the absence and presence of S9-mix.

COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA:
The spontaneous mutation frequencies in the solvent-treated control cultures were between the minimum and maximum value of the historical control data range and within the acceptability criteria of this assay.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY:
No toxicity was observed up to and including the highest tested dose level in both experiments in the absence and presence of S9-mix.

Remarks on result:

other: strain/cell type: Test system L5178Y/TK+/-3.7.2C

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative

Based on a mouse lymphoma assay conducted according to OECD 476 guideline and GLP principles, it can be concluded that TMAH is not mutagenic in the mouse lymphoma L5178Y test system under the experimental conditions described in this report.

Executive summary:

A mouse lymphoma assay was conducted according to OECD 476 guideline and GLP principles. The spontaneous mutation frequencies in the solvent-treated control cultures were between the minimum and maximum value of the historical control data range Positive control chemicals, methyl methane sulfonate and cyclophosphamide induced appropriate responses. In the absence of S9-mix, TMAH did not induce a significant increase in the mutation frequency in the first experiment. This result was confirmed in an independent repeat experiment with modifications in the duration of treatment time. In the presence of 8% v/v S9-mix, TMAH did not induce a significant increase in the mutation frequency in the first experiment. This result was confirmed in an independent repeat experiment with 12% v/v S9 for metabolic activation. It is concluded that TMAH is not mutagenic in the mouse lymphoma L5178Y test system under the experimental conditions described in this report.