Phosphonic acid, monoethyl ester, sodium salt (1:1)

Toxicity to terrestrial plants

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial plants: short-term

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

12 Dec - 19 Dec 2016

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: HJ/T 153-2004, Chinese Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals

Version / remarks:

2004

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: blank, 100, 500, 1000 mg/L, and 0.10 mg/L test substance standard solution
- Sampling method: At the start of the test (0 h), the test solution concentration was measured, and 30 mL mobile phase (acetonitrile : water (0.02% ammonium hydroxide) = 60 : 40 (V : V)) ultrasound was used to extract the test substance for 15 min and analyse using HPLC-MS/MS.

Vehicle:

no

Details on preparation and application of test substrate:

- Method of mixing into soil (if used): A test substance reserve solution (1000 mg/L) was prepared by weighing 2.4704 g test substance (purity (40.5%) and dissolve fully to a constant volume of 1000 mL deionised water. The appropriate quantity of the test substance reserve solution and deionised water was added to 100 g quartz sand and mixed evenly. At the same time, the sample was prepared for use in the initial concentration analysis (no deionised water added). For the specific preparation methods see Table 1 in any other information on materials and methods incl. tables.
- Controls: Blank control without test substance

Species:

Raphanus sativus

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Turnip
- Seed batch no.: S20160530R

Species:

Glycine max (G. soja)

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Soybean
- Seed batch no.: S20160530G

Species:

Lycopersicon esculentum

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Tomato
- Seed batch no.: S20160530LE

Species:

other: Sesamum indicum

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Sesame
- Seed batch no.: S20160530S

Species:

Zea mays

Plant group:

Monocotyledonae (monocots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Corn
- Seed batch no.: S20160530Z

Species:

Cucumis sativus

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Cucumber
- Seed batch no.: S20160530C

Species:

Brassica oleracea var. capitata

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Wild cabbage
- Seed batch no.: S20160530BO

Species:

Oryza sativa

Plant group:

Monocotyledonae (monocots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Rice
- Seed batch no.: S20160530O

Species:

Lactuca sativa

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Lettuce
- Seed batch no.: S20160530LS

Species:

Brassica campestris var. chinensis

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: Green cabbage
- Seed batch no.: S20160530BC

Test type:

seed germination/root elongation toxicity test

Study type:

laboratory study

Substrate type:

artificial soil

Limit test:

no

Remarks:

When the seed germination rate in the control group reached 65% or higher and when root length reached 20 mm the test ended.

Test temperature:

24.9 - 25.2 °C

pH:

7.12 - 7.16

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Testing facility: artificial climate incubator
- Test container (type, material, size): glass culture dishes
- Amount of soil: 100 g
- Method of seeding: The plant seeds used in the test were placed in 100 g test substrate surface, and the seed radicle extremity and the growth direction presented a straight line. They were sealed using perforated plastic film and placed in an artificial climate box
- No. of seeds per container: 15
- No. of replicates per treatment group: none
- No. of replicates per control: none

SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE (if soil)
- Composition (if artificial substrate): Quartz sand (CAS: 14808-60-7, batch no.: 20160901, Sinopharm Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.)

GROWTH CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: full darkness
- Day/night temperatures: 25 ± 1 °C
- Relative humidity (%): 80 ± 5 %

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : When the seed germination rate in the control group reached 65% or higher and when root length reached at least 20 mm, the test ended. When both conditions were reached, average germination count and average root length were determined for each processed (and control) seed. Root lengths were measured from the hypocotyl and root transition point to the end of the root tip. The pH of the solutions was measured at the start of the test.



VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: no

Nominal and measured concentrations:

- Nominal concentrations: control, 100, 500, 1000 mg/L
- Measured initial concentrations: < LOD, 113, 568, 1149 mg/L

Species:

other: the 10 terrestrial plants Brassica chinensis L., Lactuca sativa, Oryza sativa L., Brassica oleracea, Cucumis sativus, Zea mays, Sesamum indicum, Lycopersicon esculentum, Glycine max, and Raphanus sativus

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 other: mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: germination and root elongation

Species:

other: the 10 terrestrial plants Brassica chinensis L., Lactuca sativa, Oryza sativa L., Brassica oleracea, Cucumis sativus, Zea mays, Sesamum indicum, Lycopersicon esculentum, Glycine max, and Raphanus sativus

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

>= 1 000 other: mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: germination and root elongation

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Dunnett’s test, ANOVA, and SPSS 17.0 were used for multivariate contrast analysis of root lengths of the seeds in the test group and the control group, the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) (p < 0.5) was determined, and thus the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) was determined. Chi-square test (SPSS 17.0) was used to analyse the germination rates of seeds in the test group and the control group, the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) (p < 0.5) was determined, and thus the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) was determined. EC50 and confidence interval can be calculated using the trimmed Spearman-Karber method (version 1.5, USEPA). Because the toxic effects of the test substance on test seed germination and root elongation were relatively low, this method was not used to calculate EC50.

Table 1. Results of seed germination rate observations.

^1Preparation concentration	^1Actual measured concentration	Green cabbage		Lettuce		Rice		Wild cabbage		Cucumber
		Germination rate (%)	Inhibition rate (%)	Germination rate (%)	Inhibition rate (%)	Germination rate (%)	Inhibition rate (%)	Germination rate (%)	Inhibition rate (%)	Germination rate (%)	Inhibition rate (%)
Blank	ND^2	100	-	100	_	93.3	-	93.3	-	100	-
100	113	93.3	6.67	100	0.00	86.7	7.14	93.3	0.00	100	0.00
500	568	93.3	6.67	100	0.00	93.3	0.00	93.3	0.00	100	0.00
1000	1149	93.3	6.67	100	0.00	93.3	0.00	93.3	0.00	100	0.00
EC50		>1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
LOEC		> 1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
NOEC		= 1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
		Corn		Sesame		Tomato		Soybean		Radish
^1Preparation concentration	^1Actual measured concentration	Germination rate (%)	Inhibition rate (%)	Germination rate (%)	Inhibition rate (%)	Germination rate (%)	Inhibition rate (%)	Germination rate (%)	Inhibition rate (%)	Germination rate (%)	Inhibition rate (%)
Blank	ND^2	93.3	-	93.3	-	93.3	-	93.3	-	93.3	-
100	113	93.3	0	93.3	0.00	86.7	7.14	93.3	0.00	93.3	0.00
500	568	93.3	0	93.3	0.00	86.7	7.14	86.7	7.14	93.3	0.00
1000	1149	93.3	0	93.3	0.00	86.7	7.14	86.7	7.14	93.3	0.00
EC50		>1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
LOEC		> 1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
NOEC		= 1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)

Table 2. Results of Green Cabbage seed root elongation observation.

Preparation concentration^1	Actual measured concentration^1	Root length
		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	Mean	RSD%	Inhibition rate%
Blank control	ND^2	31.5	30.9	30.1	28.0	31.6	30.0	32.9	30.8	30.1	27.9	31.8	25.6	32.4	33.1	32.5	30.6	6.86	-
100	113	36.0	25.7	29.9	26.0	33.5	35.5	30.7	27.0	29.9	27.0	30.1	31.4	32.8	32.2	^3NA	30.6	10.8	0.21
500	568	30.4	29.9	28.9	31.8	32.8	26.4	25.6	36.0	31.5	31.0	31.6	30.8	26.8	32.4	^3NA	30.4	9.15	0.63
1000	1149	25.4	30.1	30.5	30.1	33.5	32.4	30.1	27.9	29.6	30.0	30.9	31.4	31.8	31.8	^3NA	30.4	6.52	0.72
EC50		>1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
LOEC		> 1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
NOEC		= 1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)

¹(mg/L)²ND: lower than the limit of detection.³NA: did not germinate and grow roots, root length not detectable.

Table 3. Results of Lettuce seed root elongation observation.

Preparation concentration^1	Actual measured concentration^1	Root length (mm)
		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	Mean	RSD%	Inhibition rate%
Blank control	ND^2	31.8	29.9	26.0	25.9	28.1	26.8	30.4	26.8	27.9	26.1	27.8	29.9	30.1	30.6	25.4	28.2	7.30	-
100	113	32.4	27.9	26.1	25.6	25.7	26.4	27.4	29.9	28.6	27.9	26.2	31.4	29.8	30.4	26.8	28.2	7.69	0.24
500	568	25.4	29.9	33.6	28.9	29.6	25.4	26.7	26.1	27.9	31.0	31.5	28.6	26.8	28.2	29.6	28.6	8.21	-1.35
1000	1149	30.3	26.6	25.5	26.6	28.9	27.4	25.9	24.9	29.9	35.4	31.4	26.2	27.9	28.6	26.8	28.2	9.74	0.28
EC50		>1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
LOEC		> 1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
NOEC		= 1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)

¹(mg/L)²ND: lower than the limit of detection.

 

Table 4. Results of Rice seed root elongation observation.

Preparation concentration^1		Actual measured concentration^1		Root length (mm)
			2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	Mean	RSD%	Inhibition rate %
Blank control	ND^2	50.1	50.6	49.1	54.0	46.1	47.6	49.8	50.8	52.1	46.2	49.8	50.2	49.2	47.0	^3NA	49.5	4.47	-
100	113	50.2	53.7	52.2	43.9	50.1	48.3	51.1	51.6	49.1	45.8	49.1	49.8	48.1	^3NA	^3NA	49.5	5.27	0.02
500	568	51.1	50.2	50.8	46.1	47.6	50.1	50.8	49.8	49.1	48.0	50.8	49.8	50.6	48.2	^3NA	49.5	3.02	-0.06
1000	1149	50.8	49.8	49.1	48.4	45.8	46.1	50.1	51.2	47.0	49.8	51.6	48.8	50.1	46.3	^3NA	48.9	3.96	1.11
EC50		>1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
LOEC		> 1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
NOEC		= 1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)

¹(mg/L)²ND: lower than the limit of detection.³NA: did not germinate and grow roots, root length not detectable.

Table 5. Results of Wild cabbage seed root elongation observation.

Preparation concentration^1	Actual measured concentration^1	Root length (mm)
		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	Mean	RSD%	Inhibition rate %
Blank control	ND^2	31.4	30.9	29.9	33.4	34.8	27.9	25.8	32.4	31.9	36.0	30.2	30.4	30.9	31.5	^3NA	31.2	8.25	-
100	113	36.5	30.9	28.9	25.7	33.5	30.9	27.9	30.1	27.0	30.4	28.9	28.0	26.0	35.5	^3NA	30.0	10.97	3.93
500	568	30.7	30.8	29.4	25.6	30.5	31.4	30.6	25.9	26.0	26.6	26.1	26.6	25.4	29.6	^3NA	28.2	8.33	9.65
1000	1149	31.6	32.4	27.8	29.1	30.9	28.9	30.1	30.6	27.4	26.7	24.3	28.6	27.8	30.8	^3NA	29.1	7.50	6.95
EC50		>1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
LOEC		> 1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
NOEC		= 1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)

¹(mg/L)²ND: lower than the limit of detection.³NA: did not germinate and grow roots, root length not detectable.

 

Table 6. Results of Cucumber seed root elongation observation.

Preparation concentration^1		Actual measured concentration^1		Root length (mm)
			2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	Mean	RSD%	Inhibition rate %
Blank control	ND^2	46.1	48.4	51.8	42.0	54.0	51.1	52.8	54.8	55.7	48.1	46.3	52.2	52.8	52.1	51.0	50.6	7.38	-
100	113	51.1	53.6	46.1	41.8	50.7	41.7	47.3	42.7	61.8	50.9	47.0	42.7	44.5	43.6	45.6	47.4	11.5	6.34
500	568	50.1	49.2	51.7	47.0	45.8	51.6	49.4	45.8	42.5	41.7	44.6	41.6	45.6	51.6	51.1	47.3	7.76	6.57
1000	1149	49.2	51.1	47.0	44.9	44.0	45.1	44.5	46.8	45.8	45.7	46.7	44.7	45.5	50.4	43.6	46.3	4.90	8.46
EC50		>1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
LOEC		> 1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
NOEC		= 1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)

¹(mg/L)²ND: lower than the limit of detection.

Table 7. Results of Corn seed root elongation observation.

Preparation concentration^1	Actual measured concentration^1	Root length (mm)
		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	Mean	RSD%	Inhibition rate %
Blank control	ND^2	46.1	71.0	46.2	53.7	61.8	62.9	51.1	48.3	54.1	50.3	58.1	52.6	49.6	54.1	^3NA	54.3	13.0	-
100	113	50.1	51.8	55.1	53.7	57.7	46.2	53.6	53.1	52.3	49.2	51.9	49.8	54.1	42.2	^3NA	51.5	7.53	5.15
500	568	46.6	51.8	50.3	52.1	51.6	52.2	48.3	50.7	51.3	51.6	43.2	47.2	51.2	52.2	^3NA	50.0	5.40	7.84
1000	1149	52.9	49.6	48.2	52.8	50.5	51.3	52.9	49.3	52.3	48.9	47.4	43.1	41.2	43.9	^3NA	48.9	7.79	9.95
EC50			>1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
LOEC			> 1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
NOEC			= 1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)

¹(mg/L)²ND: lower than the limit of detection.³NA: did not germinate and grow roots, root length not detectable.

 

Table 8. Results of Sesame seed root elongation observation.

Preparation concentration^1	Actual measured concentration^1	Root length (mm)
		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	Mean	RSD%	Inhibition rate %
Blank control	ND^2	30.4	30.1	32.6	30.7	25.4	25.7	24.0	26.8	28.1	25.9	28.2	29.1	27.0	27.2	^3NA	27.9	8.62	-
100	113	27.9	31.5	29.9	31.4	27.0	28.4	25.6	24.4	23.3	22.4	23.6	25.4	23.8	23.0	^3NA	26.3	11.9	6.03
500	568	27.1	29.4	27.9	25.8	25.0	23.8	23.0	27.9	28.9	27.1	25.9	24.4	23.8	22.9	^3NA	25.9	8.39	7.23
1000	1149	26.0	26.4	26.6	25.6	24.9	26.6	26.0	26.5	25.4	26.6	23.6	26.3	24.7	23.8	^3NA	25.6	4.02	8.23
EC50		>1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
LOEC		> 1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
NOEC		= 1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)

¹(mg/L)²ND: lower than the limit of detection.³NA: did not germinate and grow roots, root length not detectable.

Table 9. Results of Tomato seed root elongation observation.

Preparation concentration^1	Actual measured concentration^1	Rootlength(mm)
		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	Mean	RSD%	Inhibition rate %
Blank control	ND^2	35.5	29.8	29.0	24.5	31.4	32.9	25.3	28.1	26.6	25.5	32.4	19.8	28.6	34.0	^3NA	28.8	14.8	-
100	113	27.9	31.8	23.7	29.9	28.1	27.9	32.6	36.0	27.4	21.1	28.2	24.3	24.5	^3NA	^3NA	28.0	14.4	2.99
500	568	30.4	33.1	30.9	25.7	31.0	25.9	27.7	29.6	31.7	34.4	26.1	27.0	25.3	^3NA	^3NA	29.1	10.4	-1.13
1000	1149	28.3	28.1	26.7	26.8	29.2	28.4	30.4	29.2	30.7	27.0	29.0	28.2	26.4	^3NA	^3NA	28.3	4.82	1.65
EC50		>1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
LOEC		> 1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
NOEC		= 1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)

¹(mg/L)²ND: lower than the limit of detection.³NA: did not germinate and grow roots, root length not detectable.

Table 10. Results of Soybean seed root elongation observation.

Preparation concentration^1	Actual measured concentration^1	Root length (mm)
		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	Mean	RSD%	Inhibition rate %
Blank control	ND^2	51.1	48.3	42.0	51.6	45.8	42.1	41.1	44.9	45.0	43.6	48.1	49.4	47.3	46.1	^3NA	46.2	7.19	-
100	113	51.7	51.2	50.1	43.6	41.3	44.9	40.2	44.7	44.3	47.2	46.1	47.8	44.8	47.2	^3NA	46.1	7.40	0.20
500	568	53.5	51.3	43.6	41.3	44.9	40.2	44.7	44.3	47.2	46.1	47.8	44.8	47.2	^3NA	^3NA	45.9	7.93	0.55
1000	1149	51.6	46.9	45.8	54.7	40.0	41.6	43.6	46.2	46.4	50.6	42.0	42.7	44.9	^3NA	^3NA	45.9	9.29	0.54
EC50		>1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
LOEC		> 1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
NOEC		= 1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)

¹(mg/L)²ND: lower than the limit of detection.³NA: did not germinate and grow roots, root length not detectable.

Table 11. Results of Radish seed root elongation observation.

Preparation concentration^1	Actual measured concentration^1	Root length (mm)
		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	Mean	RSD%	Inhibition rate %
Blank control	ND^2	35.6	33.9	34.8	35.5	32.4	27.9	29.4	36.9	37.9	33.7	33.1	36.0	34.4	31.2	^3NA	33.8	8.3	-
100	113	36.5	31.2	31.7	35.0	38.5	32.5	30.1	32.3	31.3	34.0	34.4	33.7	32.6	33.6	^3NA	33.4	6.7	1.12
500	568	33.9	33.6	31.1	34.0	34.5	32.6	30.9	29.6	38.8	35.0	27.6	29.1	31.5	32.8	^3NA	32.5	8.7	3.74
1000	1149	33.7	33.5	27.9	26.7	32.3	32.8	33.9	35.0	33.4	32.4	31.2	28.0	38.5	37.2	^3NA	32.6	10.3	3.43
EC50		>1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
LOEC		> 1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)
NOEC		= 1000 mg/L (actual measured concentration 1149 mg/L)

  ¹(mg/L)²ND: lower than the limit of detection.³NA: did not germinate and grow roots, root length not detectable.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Description of key information

EC50 (7 d) > 1000 mg/L (The Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals (HJ/T 153-2004), China)
NOEC (7 d) ≥ 1000 mg/L (The Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals (HJ/T 153-2004), China)

Additional information

A GLP study according to the Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals (HJ/T 153-2004), China, was performed to assess the toxicity of Fosetyl-Sodium to seedlings (seed germination and root elongation test) of 10 crop species using quartz sand: green cabbage (Brassica chinensisL.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), rice (Oryza sativaL.), wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), corn (Zea mays), sesame (Sesamum indicum), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), soybean (Glycine max), and radish (Raphanus sativus). The seeds (15 seeds/dish/ per seed type) were exposed to media containing 100, 500, and 1000 mg/L of test substance and blank control medium. At the start of the test, the pH of the new preparation solution for the blank control group and the test substance group was within the 7.12-7.16 range. During the test, temperature was controlled at 24.9-25.2 °C. At the end of the test, germination rate for each seed type in the blank control group reached 65% or higher and root length exceeded 20 mm. Therefore, each test condition met the test validity standard and the results of this report were valid.

HPLC-MS/MS was used to analyse the initial concentration of the test solution. The results indicated that in the prepared concentrations of 100, 500, and 1000 mg/L Fosetyl-Sodium test solution, the actual measured concentrations were 113 mg/L, 568 mg/L, and 1149 mg/L. Therefore, the measured concentrations were within +/- 20% of nominal concentrations and results were based on nominal. The test results indicated that: 100, 500, and 1000 mg/L test substances did not have significant inhibitory effects (P > 0.05) on the seed germination and root elongation of the 10 terrestrial plants green cabbage (Brassica chinensisL.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), rice (Oryza sativaL.), wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), corn (Zea mays), sesame (Sesamum indicum), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), soybean (Glycine max), and radish (Raphanus sativus). The time for each seed type to reach a germination rate of 65% or higher and a root length exceeding 20 mm was 7 days. Therefore, the 7-day EC50 and NOEC for germination and root elongation in all tested plant species were > 1000 mg/L and ≥ 1000 mg/L, nominal, respectively.