Proxan-sodium

Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: short-term

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because direct and indirect exposure of the soil compartment is unlikely

other:

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

data waiving: supporting information

Reference 2

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: short-term

Type of information:

other: published data

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Study period:

1976

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Justification for type of information:

Propan-2-ol (Isopropyl alcohol) is both reagents used in the manufacture, as well as decomposition products of xanthates. Therefore, the health effects of Propan-2-ol (Isopropyl alcohol) need to be considered in the assessment of Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate (SIPX).

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Larvae were grown at low larval density on an axenic, killed yeast medium. After emergence, adults were kept on nutrient medium for three days. After three days feeding, each group of flies is transferred into an air-tight plastic vial containing 2 mL of a 3% sucrose solution supplemented with the tested concentration of alcohol. Toxicity data are expressed as the lethal concentration which kills 50% of the flies after 1, 2 or 3 days of treatment.

GLP compliance:

no

Application method:

other: % sucrose solution supplemented with the tested concentration in an airtight plastic vial

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Drosophila melanogaster

Animal group:

Diptera (fruit fly (small))

Details on test organisms:

Experiments were carried out on two strains of French origin: a melanogaster strain from Colmar and a simulans strain from Marseille.

Study type:

laboratory study

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

3 d

Test temperature:

25ºC

pH (if soil or dung study):

not applicable

Humidity:

not reported

Photoperiod and lighting:

not reported

Details on test conditions:

Larvae were grown at low larval density on an axenic, killed yeast medium. after emergence, adults were separated in groups of 10 females and 10 males and kept on nutrient medium for three days. After three days feeding, each group of flies is transferred into an air-tight plastic vial containing 2 mL of a 3% sucrose solution supplemented with the tested concentration of alcohol. For each test, 7 concentrations (in a geometric progression of ratio 1.25) are used and, for each concentration, 40 females and 40 males. Toxicity data are expressed as the lethal concentration which kills 50% of the flies (LC50) after 1, 2 or 3 days of treatment.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

not reported

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Duration:

1 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

3.2 other: % in diet

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: males

Duration:

1 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

3.4 other: % in diet

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: female

Duration:

2 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

1.5 other: % in diet

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: males

Duration:

2 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

1.7 other: % in diet

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: females

Details on results:

Assuming the % in diet is a volume/volume percentrage, and with a specific gravity of 0.7855 g/cm3, the LC50 correspond to:
The 1-day LC50 in males is 25.1 g/L in diet
The 1-day LC50 in females is 26.7 g/L in diet
The 2-day LC50 in males is 11.8 g/L in diet
The 2-day LC50 in females is 13.4 g/L in diet

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

Propan-2-ol (Isopropyl alcohol) is both reagents used in the manufacture, as well as decomposition products of xanthates. Therefore, the health effects of Propan-2-ol (Isopropyl alcohol) need to be considered in the assessment of Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate (SIPX).
Assuming the % in diet is a volume/volume percentrage, and with a specific gravity of 0.7855 g/cm3, the LC50 correspond to:
The 1-day LC50 in males is 25.1 g/L in diet
The 1-day LC50 in females is 26.7 g/L in diet
The 2-day LC50 in males is 11.8 g/L in diet
The 2-day LC50 in females is 13.4 g/L in diet

Reference 3

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: long-term

Type of information:

other: published data

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Justification for type of information:

Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate (SIPX) readily decomposes to carbon disulphide, especially in the presence of moisture/water. Therefore, the health effects of carbon disulphide (CS2) need to be considered in the assessment of Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate (SIPX).

Qualifier:

no guideline available

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Trogoderma granarium (Skin Beetle) age: 2-3 d were exposed for a duration of 7 day(s) to a(n) 24 hour application of Carbon disulfide

GLP compliance:

no

Application method:

other: fumigation

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

other: Trogoderma granarium (Skin Beetle)

Animal group:

Coleoptera (soil-dwelling rove beetle)

Details on test organisms:

Trogoderma granarium (Skin Beetle). The pupa(e) (age: 2-3 d

Study type:

laboratory study

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

7 d

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

6.8 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

14.1 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate (SIPX)

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: On a molecular weight scaled basis, the LC50 would be 14.1 mg/kg soil dw. (6.8 x 158.2) /76.13 =14.1mg/kg soil dw

Details on results:

The LC50 for morality effects inTrogoderma granarium (Skin Beetle) by CS2 is 6.8 mg/kg soil dw.
On a molecular weight scaled basis, the LC50 would be 14.1 mg/kg soil dw. (6.8 x 158.2) /76.13 =14.1mg/kg soil dw

A study of NC-NC Not Coded duration using no substrate media was conducted in a LAB site location with Not Coded obtained Trogoderma granarium (Skin Beetle). The pupa(e) (age: 2-3 d and organism characteristics of: NR) were exposed for a duration of 7 day(s) to a(n) 24 hour application of Carbon disulfide (CAS # 75150) in NR or a(n) NR positive control through a(n) fumigation exposure route. The reported chemical concentrations are the result of unmeasured analysis of chemical solutions and are based on the NR ion. (Reference 98144, Punj,G.K., and A.N. Verma, 1970, Test Number 445233).

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The LC50 for morality effects inTrogoderma granarium (Skin Beetle) by CS2 is 6.8 mg/kg soil dw.
On a molecular weight scaled basis, the LC50 would be 14.1 mg/kg soil dw. (6.8 x 158.2) /76.13 =14.1mg/kg soil dw

Reference 4

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: short-term

Type of information:

other: published data

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Justification for type of information:

Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate (SIPX) readily decomposes to carbon disulphide, especially in the presence of moisture/water. Therefore, the health effects of carbon disulphide (CS2) need to be considered in the assessment of Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate (SIPX).

Qualifier:

no guideline available

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The egg(s) (age: 2 d and organism characteristics of: NR) were exposed for a duration of 7 hour(s) to a(n) 1 dosed x time(s) per study period application of Carbon disulfide

GLP compliance:

no

Application method:

other: fumigation

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

other: Sitophilus oryzae (Rice Weevil)

Animal group:

Coleoptera (soil-dwelling rove beetle)

Details on test organisms:

Egg(s) of Sitophilus oryzae (Rice Weevil) (age: 2 d )
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Family: Curculionidae
Genus: Sitophilus
Species: S. oryzae
2 mm long with a long snout.

Study type:

laboratory study

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

7 h

Nominal and measured concentrations:

DOSES-50 to 175 mg/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

7 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

75 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Duration:

7 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

155.85 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate (SIPX)

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: On a molecular weight scaled basis, the LC50 would be 155.85 mg/kg soil. (75 x 158.2) /76.13 =155.85 mg/kg soil

Details on results:

The LC50 for morality effects in Egg(s) of Sitophilus oryzae (Rice Weevil) by CS2 is 75mg/kg soil dw.
On a molecular weight scaled basis, the LC50 would be 155.85 mg/kg soil. (75 x 158.2) /76.13 =155.85 mg/kg soil

A study of NC-NC Not Coded duration using no substrate media was conducted in a LAB site location with Not Coded obtained Sitophilus oryzae (Rice Weevil). The egg(s) (age: 2 d and organism characteristics of: NR) were exposed for a duration of 7 hour(s) to a(n) 1 dosed x time(s) per study period application of Carbon disulfide (CAS # 75150) in NR or a(n) NR positive control through a(n) fumigation exposure route. The reported chemical concentrations are the result of unmeasured analysis of chemical solutions and are based on the NR ion. (Reference 98146, Mostafa,S.A.S., A.H. Kamel, A.K.M. El-Nahal, and F.M. El-Borollosy, 1972, Test Number 445269).

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The LC50 for morality effects in Egg(s) of Sitophilus oryzae (Rice Weevil) by CS2 is 75mg/kg soil dw.
On a molecular weight scaled basis, the LC50 would be 155.85 mg/kg soil. (75 x 158.2) /76.13 =155.85 mg/kg soil

Reference 5

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: short-term

Type of information:

other: published data

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Justification for type of information:

Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate (SIPX) readily decomposes to carbon disulphide, especially in the presence of moisture/water. Therefore, the health effects of carbon disulphide (CS2) need to be considered in the assessment of Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate (SIPX).

Qualifier:

no guideline available

GLP compliance:

no

Application method:

spray

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Apis mellifera

Animal group:

Hymenoptera (honeybees)

Study type:

field study

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

4 h

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

1 h

Dose descriptor:

other: NOEL

Effect conc.:

75 other: ml/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

other: Chemical avoidance

Duration:

4 h

Dose descriptor:

other: NOEL

Effect conc.:

75 other: ml/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

other: Chemical avoidance

Duration:

1 h

Dose descriptor:

other: NOEL

Effect conc.:

155.85 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate (SIPX)

Basis for effect:

other: Chemical avoidance

Remarks on result:

other: On a molecular weight scaled basis, the NOEL would be 155.85 mg/kg soil. (75 x 158.2) /76.13 =155.85 mg/kg soil

A study of NC-NC Not Coded duration using no substrate media was conducted in a FIELDN site location with Not Coded obtained Apis mellifera (Honey Bee). The organism(s) (age: NR NR and organism characteristics of: NR) were exposed for a duration of 1 hour(s) to a(n) 1 dosed x time(s) per study periodapplication of Carbon disulfide (CAS # 75150) in NR or a(n) NR positive control through a(n) hand spray exposure route. The reported chemical concentrations are the result of unmeasured analysis of chemical solutions and are based on the NR ion. (Reference 81711, Mayer,D.F., J.D. Lunden, G. Kovacs, and E.R. Miliczky, 2001, Test Number 571193)

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

Substance appears to have no significant adverse effect on bees

Reference 6

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: long-term

Data waiving:

exposure considerations

Justification for data waiving:

the study does not need to be conducted because direct and indirect exposure of the soil compartment is unlikely

Description of key information

-The LC50 for  morality effects   in Egg(s)  of Sitophilus oryzae (Rice Weevil)  by CS2 is 75mg/kg soil dw.
On a molecular weight scaled basis, the LC50  would be 155.85 mg/kg soil.  (75 x 158.2) /76.13 =155.85 mg/kg soil
-The LC50 for  morality effects   inTrogoderma granarium (Skin Beetle)   by CS2 is 6.8 mg/kg soil dw.
On a molecular weight scaled basis, the LC50 would be 14.1 mg/kg soil dw.  (6.8 x 158.2) /76.13 =14.1mg/kg soil dw

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Short-term EC50 or LC50 for soil dwelling arthropods:

155.85 mg/kg soil dw

Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for soil dwelling arthropods:

2.82 mg/kg soil dw

Additional information

-The LC50 for morality effects  in Egg(s) of Sitophilus oryzae (Rice Weevil) by CS2 is 75mg/kg soil dw.

On a molecular weight scaled basis, the LC50 would be 155.85 mg/kg soil. (75 x 158.2) /76.13 =155.85 mg/kg soil

-The LC50 for morality effects  inTrogoderma granarium (Skin Beetle)  by CS2 is 6.8 mg/kg soil dw.

On a molecular weight scaled basis, the LC50 would be 14.1 mg/kg soil dw. (6.8 x 158.2) /76.13 =14.1mg/kg soil dw