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EC number: 239-888-1 | CAS number: 15790-07-5 This substance is identified in the Colour Index by Colour Index Constitution Number, C.I. 15985:1.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Effects on fertility
Description of key information
LOEL was estimated to be 414.7308 mg/kg bw when Rattus norvegicus male and female rats were orally exposed with 4 aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex.
As per United States Environmental Protection Agency (May 10, 2005), Absorption of aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex is poor to nil via all routes of exposure, therefore no further dermal, oral, or inhalation exposure assessment is necessary. Hence, aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex is considered to be no safety concern.
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- two-generation reproductive toxicity
- Remarks:
- based on test type (migrated information)
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from QSAR Toolbox version 2.3
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Estimated data
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Prediction is done using QSAR Toolbox version 2.3.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Limit test:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (IUPAC name): aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex
- Molecular formula: C16H9AlN2O7S2
- Molecular weight: 432.368 g/mol
- Smiles notation: c12c(cc(S(=O)(=O)[O-])cc2)ccc(c1\N=N\c1ccc(S(=O)(=O)[O-])cc1)[O-].[Al+3]
- InChl: 1S/C16H12N2O7S2.Al/c19-15-8-1-10-9-13(27(23,24)25)6-7-14(10)16(15)18-17-11-2-4-12(5-3-11)26(20,21)22;/h1-9,19H,(H,20,21,22)(H,23,24,25);/q;+3/p-3/b18-17+;
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid - Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- other: Rattus norvegicus
- Sex:
- male/female
- Route of administration:
- oral: unspecified
- Type of inhalation exposure (if applicable):
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 10 weeks
- Frequency of treatment:
- Daily
- Details on study schedule:
- not specified
- Dose / conc.:
- 414.731 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- not specified
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- not specified
- Positive control:
- not specified
- Parental animals: Observations and examinations:
- not specified
- Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):
- not specified
- Sperm parameters (parental animals):
- not specified
- Litter observations:
- not specified
- Postmortem examinations (parental animals):
- not specified
- Postmortem examinations (offspring):
- not specified
- Statistics:
- not specified
- Reproductive indices:
- not specified
- Offspring viability indices:
- not specified
- Clinical signs:
- not specified
- Dermal irritation (if dermal study):
- not specified
- Mortality:
- not specified
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not specified
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- not specified
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not specified
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not specified
- Immunological findings:
- not specified
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not specified
- Other effects:
- not specified
- Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:
- not specified
- Reproductive function: sperm measures:
- not specified
- Reproductive performance:
- not specified
- Based on:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: not specified
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
- System:
- other: not specified
- Organ:
- not specified
- Treatment related:
- not specified
- Dose response relationship:
- not specified
- Relevant for humans:
- not specified
- Clinical signs:
- not specified
- Dermal irritation (if dermal study):
- not specified
- Mortality / viability:
- not specified
- Body weight and weight changes:
- not specified
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not specified
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not specified
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- not specified
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not specified
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Sexual maturation:
- not specified
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not specified
- Gross pathological findings:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings:
- not specified
- Other effects:
- not specified
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not specified
- Developmental immunotoxicity:
- not specified
- Clinical signs:
- not specified
- Dermal irritation (if dermal study):
- not specified
- Mortality / viability:
- not specified
- Body weight and weight changes:
- not specified
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not specified
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not specified
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- not specified
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not specified
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Sexual maturation:
- not specified
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not specified
- Gross pathological findings:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings:
- not specified
- Other effects:
- not specified
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not specified
- Developmental immunotoxicity:
- not specified
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEL
- Generation:
- F2
- Effect level:
- 414.731 mg/kg bw/day
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Basis for effect level:
- other: Effects observed on body weight and haematology
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
- System:
- other: not specified
- Organ:
- not specified
- Treatment related:
- not specified
- Dose response relationship:
- not specified
- Relevant for humans:
- not specified
- Reproductive effects observed:
- not specified
- Treatment related:
- not specified
- Relation to other toxic effects:
- not specified
- Dose response relationship:
- not specified
- Relevant for humans:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- LOEL was estimated to be 414.7308 mg/kg bw when Rattus norvegicus male and female rats were orally exposed with 4 aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex.
- Executive summary:
In a prediction done by SSS (2017) using the OECD QSAR toolbox with log kow as the primary descriptor, the acute oral toxicity was estimated for aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex. The LOEL was estimated to be 414.7308 mg/kg bw when Rattus norvegicus male and female rats were orally exposed with 4 aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex.On the basis of this LOEL value it is indicated that aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex does not exhibit toxic effects to rat below the above mentioned dose.
Reference
The
prediction was based on dataset comprised from the following
descriptors: LOEL
Estimation method: Taking average value from the 5 nearest neighbours
Domain logical expression:Result: In Domain
(((((((((((("g"
and (
not "h")
)
and ("i"
and (
not "j")
)
)
and ("k"
and (
not "l")
)
)
and "m" )
and "n" )
and "o" )
and ("p"
and (
not "q")
)
)
and "r" )
and "s" )
and "t" )
and "u" )
and ("v"
and "w" )
)
Domain
logical expression index: "a"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Azo compounds AND MA: Nitrenium
ion formation AND MA: Radical mechanism by ROS formation AND Mechanistic
Domain: Radical AND Mechanistic Domain: SN1 by DNA binding by OASIS
Domain
logical expression index: "b"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Strong binder, OH group by
Estrogen Receptor Binding
Domain
logical expression index: "c"
Similarity
boundary:Target:
c1(O)(.[Al]{3+})c(N=Nc2ccc(S(=O)(=O)O)cc2)c2c(cc(S(=O)(=O)O)cc2)cc1
Threshold=50%,
Dice(Atom pairs)
Domain
logical expression index: "d"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Azo compounds AND MA: Nitrenium
ion formation AND MA: Radical mechanism by ROS formation AND Mechanistic
Domain: Radical AND Mechanistic Domain: SN1 by DNA binding by OASIS
Domain
logical expression index: "e"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Strong binder, OH group by
Estrogen Receptor Binding
Domain
logical expression index: "f"
Similarity
boundary:Target:
c1(O)(.[Al]{3+})c(N=Nc2ccc(S(=O)(=O)O)cc2)c2c(cc(S(=O)(=O)O)cc2)cc1
Threshold=50%,
Dice(Atom pairs)
Domain
logical expression index: "g"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as No alert found by DNA binding by
OECD
Domain
logical expression index: "h"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as 1,1-Dihaloalkanes OR Aliphatic
tertiary amines OR Allyl benzenes OR Arenes OR Aromatic nitro OR Furans
OR MA: Carbenium Ion Formation OR MA: Iminium Ion Formation OR MA:
Nitrenium Ion Formation OR MA: P450 Mediated Activation of Heterocyclic
Ring Systems OR MA: P450 Mediated Activation to Acyl Halides OR MA: P450
Mediated Activation to Isocyanates or Isothiocyanates OR MA: P450
Mediated Activation to Quinones and Quinone-type Chemicals OR
Mechanistic Domain: Acyalation OR Mechanistic Domain: Michael addition
OR Mechanistic Domain: SN1 OR Sulfonylureas OR Tertiary aromatic amine
by DNA binding by OECD
Domain
logical expression index: "i"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as No alert found by Protein
binding by OECD
Domain
logical expression index: "j"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Acetates OR Allyl acetates and
related chemicals OR MA: Direct Acylation Involving a Leaving group OR
MA: SN2 reaction at a sp2 carbon atom OR MA: SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon
atom OR Mechanistic Domain: Acylation OR Mechanistic Domain: SN2 OR
Polarised alkenes with a halogen leaving group by Protein binding by OECD
Domain
logical expression index: "k"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Not possible to classify
according to these rules by Protein Binding Potency
Domain
logical expression index: "l"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Halogenated five membered
heterocycles (SN2) OR Halogenated hydrocarbons (SN2) OR Non-reactive
(GSH) by Protein Binding Potency
Domain
logical expression index: "m"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as No superfragment by
Superfragments
Domain
logical expression index: "n"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as High (Class III) by Toxic hazard
classification by Cramer (original)
Domain
logical expression index: "o"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as High (Class III) by Toxic hazard
classification by Cramer (with extension)
Domain
logical expression index: "p"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as (N/A) by Oncologic Primary
Classification
Domain
logical expression index: "q"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Acrylate Reactive Functional
Groups OR Aromatic Amine Type Compounds OR Carbamate Type Compounds OR
Halogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Compounds OR Hydrazo Type
Compounds by Oncologic Primary Classification
Domain
logical expression index: "r"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Bioavailable by Lipinski Rule
Oasis
Domain
logical expression index: "s"
Similarity
boundary:Target:
c1(O)(.[Al]{3+})c(N=Nc2ccc(S(=O)(=O)O)cc2)c2c(cc(S(=O)(=O)O)cc2)cc1
Threshold=30%,
Dice(Atom pairs)
Domain
logical expression index: "t"
Similarity
boundary:Target:
c1(O)(.[Al]{3+})c(N=Nc2ccc(S(=O)(=O)O)cc2)c2c(cc(S(=O)(=O)O)cc2)cc1
Threshold=80%,
Dice(Atom pairs)
Domain
logical expression index: "u"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Class 5 (Not possible to
classify according to these rules) by Acute aquatic toxicity
classification by Verhaar
Domain
logical expression index: "v"
Parametric
boundary:The
target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= -1.8
Domain
logical expression index: "w"
Parametric
boundary:The
target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= 2.59
Effect on fertility: via oral route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEL
- 414.731 mg/kg bw/day
- Study duration:
- subacute
- Species:
- rat
- Quality of whole database:
- The data is K2 level as the data has been obtained from QSAR model considered by OECD.
Effect on fertility: via inhalation route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Effect on fertility: via dermal route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Reproductive toxicity:
In different studies, aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex has been investigated for reproductive toxicity to a greater or lesser extent. Often are the studies based on in vivo experiments and estimated data in rodents, i.e. most commonly in mice and rats for aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex along with the study available on structurally similar read across substance Sunset Yellow (CAS no 2783-94-0). The predicted data using the OECD QSAR toolbox has also been compared with the experimental studies.
In a prediction done by SSS (2017) using the OECD QSAR toolbox with log kow as the primary descriptor, the reproductive toxicity was estimated for aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex. The LOEL was estimated to be 414.7308 mg/kg bw when Rattus norvegicus male and female rats were orally exposed with 4 aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex.
In another experimental study conducted by Mannellh et al (J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 10, 625, 1982) on structurally similar read across substance Sunset Yellow (CAS no 2783-94-0), male and female rats were treated with Sunset Yellow in the concentration of 0, 15, 150 and 750 mg/kg bw orally in feed Alphacel (a non-nutritive cellulose) for 64 weeks. No effect on survival of treated male and female rats were observed at 15, 150 and 750 mg/kg bw as compared to control. Decrease in mean body weight in females at 4, 32 and 16 weeks. Decreased in food consumption of females were observed with no correlation with the concentration given in diet. No significant difference in male or female food efficiency was observed as compared to control. The only significant difference observed was lowered white cell count for females at 750 mg/kg bw as compared to controls. No adverse effect on blood cells was observed. Similarly, Decrease in liver weight at 150 mg/kg bw and spleen weight at 750 mg/kg bw in female rat. These changes were not correlated with the level of food colour in the diet and are difficult to interpret. No effects on reproductive oragns were observed in treated male and female rats as compared to control. Respiratory tract infections accounted for 28 deaths. Two animals died of starvation, one of meningitis, one of a ruptured right auricle and three as the result of neoplasms. In addition, Middle ear and respiratory infections were observed, considered to be in older rats of the colony. Chronic otitis media was observed in nearly 50 per cent of the animals. The disease was evenly distributed in the various groups. Pathological changes in the adrenal cortex were observed in 22 animals. This particular pathology was acute in nature and was not considered to be an effect of the food colours since it was observed in two of the control animals and since there was no correlation between the incidence and the concentration of colour fed. 18 per cent tumour incidence was observed in treated rats. The differences in tumour incidence are not significant according to chi-square tests. The tracings of ECG were essentially normal. No significant deviation of electrical axis observed in treated rats. Therefore, NOAEL was considered to be 750 mg/kg bw when male and female rats were treated with Sunset Yellow orally in feed Alphacel (a non-nutritive cellulose) for 64 weeks.
Father supported by experimental study conducted by Tanaka et al (Toxicology and industrial health,Vol 12,No.1, 1996) on structurally similar read across substance Sunset Yellow (CAS no 2783-94-0), Crj: CD-1 male and female mice were treated with Sunset Yellow in the concentration of 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw orally in feed contained in basal diet (Nihon Clea, CE-2) for approx 17 weeks. No significant adverse effects were observed on body weight and food consumption of male and female mice during the preconception period, gestation or lactation periods. No significant adverse effect on movement activity of exploratory behavior in either sex at eight weeks of age. Abortion was observed in one dam and one dam killed all offspring in the third week of the lactation period and then died herself. That dam had a thymoma at 250 mg/kg bw. During the first week of the lactation period, two dams at 500 mg/kg bw showed underdeveloped mammary glands, which were observed as underdeveloped mammalae. No effects were observed in 1000 mg/kg bw treated female rats as compared to control in P generation. Similarly, Significant decrease in survival of pups were observed on PND 21 at 500 mg/kg bw as compared to control. The average body weight of offspring during the late lactation period was increased at 250 mg/kg bw in male and female and at 500 mg/kg bw in female as compared to control. In addition, Behavioral developmental parameters, swimming behavior of direction on PND 4 was significantly affected at 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw in male offspring and in all treatment groups in female offspring and those effects appeared significantly dose related (p < 0.01 in each sex). Swimming behavior of head angle on PND 4 was significantly affected at 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw in female offspring, and those effects appeared significantly dose-related (p < 0.05). Negative geotaxis on PND 4 and surface righting on PND 7 were affected significantly in male offspring at 500 mg/kg bw . Other parameters measured showed no adverse effects in either sex. Significant effects on multiple water T-maze performance in each sex were observed. No adverse effects on Movement activity of exploratory behavior were observed at eight weeks of age of F1 generation male and female rats. These results indicate that the dose levels of Sunset Yellow FCF produced some adverse effects on several behavioral developmental parameters during the early lactation period. Those dose levels, however, were approximately 662 times greater (at 500 mg/kg bw during the lactation period) than the human ADI of 2.5 mg/kg bw. Since the absorption of Sunset Yellow FCF was 3.6% in a study in rat, the active levels of Sunset Yellow FCF may be much lower than the actual dietary intake levels. The presumed actual daily intake of Sunset Yellow FCF in Japan is approximately 0.001 mg per person (0.02 pg/kg), which is much lower than the human ADI (Nakamura, 1995). It therefore seems that the level of actual dietary intake of Sunset Yellow FCF should have only a limited effect in humans. Therefore, NOAEL was considered to be 250 mg/kg bw for P and F1 generation when Crj: CD-1 male and female mice were treated with Sunset Yellow orally in feed contained in basal diet (Nihon Clea, CE-2) for approx 17 weeks.
Thus, based on the above studies and predictions on aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex and its read across substances, it can be concluded that LOEL value is 414.7308 mg/kg bw for target chemical and 250 mg/kg bw and above is for read across Sunset Yellow(CAS no 2783-94-0). But, as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (May 10, 2005), Absorption of aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex is poor to nil via all routes of exposure, therefore no further dermal, oral, or inhalation exposure assessment is necessary. Hence, aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex is considered to be no safety concern.
Effects on developmental toxicity
Description of key information
LOEL was estimated to be 274 mg/kg bw when New Zealand White rabbits were orally exposed with 4 aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex.
As per United States Environmental Protection Agency (May 10, 2005), Absorption of aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex is poor to nil via all routes of exposure, therefore no further dermal, oral, or inhalation exposure assessment is necessary. Hence, aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex is considered to be no safety concern.
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- developmental toxicity
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is predicted using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.1 and the supporting QMRF report has been attached
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Predicted data
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Data is predicted by QSAR toolbox version 3.1
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Limit test:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (IUPAC name): aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex
- Molecular formula: C16H9AlN2O7S2
- Molecular weight: 432.368 g/mol
- Smiles notation: c12c(cc(S(=O)(=O)[O-])cc2)ccc(c1\N=N\c1ccc(S(=O)(=O)[O-])cc1)[O-].[Al+3]
- InChl: 1S/C16H12N2O7S2.Al/c19-15-8-1-10-9-13(27(23,24)25)6-7-14(10)16(15)18-17-11-2-4-12(5-3-11)26(20,21)22;/h1-9,19H,(H,20,21,22)(H,23,24,25);/q;+3/p-3/b18-17+;
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid - Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Age-5-6.5 months
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- other: methyl cellulose
- Details on exposure:
- Dose volume:2 ml/kg
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- GD 9-11
- Frequency of treatment:
- Daily
- Duration of test:
- 29 days
- Dose / conc.:
- 274 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- not specified
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- Body weight range was 2.83-4.25 kg on GD8
- Maternal examinations:
- One female was found dead on GD 15 and the other on GD 17.
- Ovaries and uterine content:
- not specified
- Fetal examinations:
- There were no treatment-related necropsy observations.
- Statistics:
- not specified
- Indices:
- not specified
- Historical control data:
- not specified
- Clinical signs:
- not specified
- Dermal irritation (if dermal study):
- not specified
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence):
- Mortality observed
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Increasce in body weight
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not specified
- Food efficiency:
- not specified
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not specified
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- not specified
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not specified
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not specified
- Immunological findings:
- not specified
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not specified
- Gross pathological findings:
- not specified
- Neuropathological findings:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- not specified
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- not specified
- Other effects:
- not specified
- Number of abortions:
- not specified
- Pre- and post-implantation loss:
- not specified
- Total litter losses by resorption:
- not specified
- Early or late resorptions:
- not specified
- Dead fetuses:
- not specified
- Changes in pregnancy duration:
- not specified
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Migrated Data from removed field(s)
Field "Effects on pregnancy duration" (Path: ENDPOINT_STUDY_RECORD.DevelopmentalToxicityTeratogenicity.ResultsAndDiscussion.ResultsMaternalAnimals.MaternalDevelopmentalToxicity.EffectsOnPregnancyDuration): not specified - Changes in number of pregnant:
- not specified
- Other effects:
- not specified
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEL
- Effect level:
- 274 mg/kg bw/day
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect level:
- other: developmental toxicity
- Abnormalities:
- not specified
- Localisation:
- not specified
- Description (incidence and severity):
- not specified
- Fetal body weight changes:
- not specified
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Migrated Data from removed field(s)
Field "Fetal/pup body weight changes" (Path: ENDPOINT_STUDY_RECORD.DevelopmentalToxicityTeratogenicity.ResultsAndDiscussion.ResultsFetuses.FetalPupBodyWeightChanges): not specified - Reduction in number of live offspring:
- not specified
- Changes in sex ratio:
- not specified
- Changes in litter size and weights:
- not specified
- Changes in postnatal survival:
- not specified
- External malformations:
- not specified
- Skeletal malformations:
- not specified
- Visceral malformations:
- not specified
- Other effects:
- not specified
- Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
- Embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:no data
- Dose descriptor:
- other: not specified
- Based on:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Basis for effect level:
- other: not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: not specified
- Abnormalities:
- not specified
- Localisation:
- other: not specified
- Description (incidence and severity):
- not specified
- Developmental effects observed:
- not specified
- Treatment related:
- not specified
- Relation to maternal toxicity:
- not specified
- Dose response relationship:
- not specified
- Relevant for humans:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- LOEL was estimated to be 274 mg/kg bw when New Zealand White rabbits were orally exposed with 4 aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex.
- Executive summary:
In a prediction done by SSS (2017) using the OECD QSAR toolbox with log kow as the primary descriptor, the developmental toxicity was estimated for aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex. The LOEL was estimated to be 274 mg/kg bw when New Zealand White rabbits were orally exposed with 4 aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex.
Reference
The
prediction was based on dataset comprised from the following
descriptors: LOEL,NOEL
Estimation method: Takes average value from the 5 nearest neighbours
Domain logical expression:Result: In Domain
(((("a"
or "b" or "c" or "d" )
and ("e"
and (
not "f")
)
)
and "g" )
and ("h"
and "i" )
)
Domain
logical expression index: "a"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Acid moiety AND Phenols by
Aquatic toxicity classification by ECOSAR
Domain
logical expression index: "b"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Aryl AND Azo AND Fused
carbocyclic aromatic AND Naphtalene AND Phenol AND Sulfonic acid by
Organic functional groups
Domain
logical expression index: "c"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Azo AND Fused carbocyclic
aromatic AND Naphtalene AND Overlapping groups AND Phenol AND Sulfonic
acid by Organic functional groups (nested)
Domain
logical expression index: "d"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Aromatic compound AND Azo
compound AND Cation AND Hydroxy compound AND Phenol AND Sulfonic acid
AND Sulfonic acid derivative by Organic functional groups, Norbert
Haider (checkmol)
Domain
logical expression index: "e"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as No alert found by Protein
binding by OASIS v1.1
Domain
logical expression index: "f"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> Direct
acylation involving a leaving group OR Acylation >> Direct acylation
involving a leaving group >> Carbamates OR Acylation >> Direct acylation
involving a leaving group >> N-acylamides OR Acylation >> Ester
aminolysis OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis >> Amides OR Acylation >>
Ester aminolysis >> Dithioesters OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis or
thiolysis OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis or thiolysis >> Diarylesters
OR Acylation >> Ring opening acylation OR Acylation >> Ring opening
acylation >> Active cyclic agents OR Michael addition OR Michael
addition >> Michael addition on conjugated systems with electron
withdrawing group OR Michael addition >> Michael addition on conjugated
systems with electron withdrawing group >> alpha,beta-carbonyl compounds
with polarized double bonds OR Michael addition >> Michael addition on
conjugated systems with electron withdrawing group >> Cyanoalkenes OR
Michael addition >> Michael addition on conjugated systems with electron
withdrawing group >> Vinyl sulfonyl compounds OR Michael addition >>
Quinone type compounds OR Michael addition >> Quinone type compounds >>
Quinone (di)imines OR Michael addition >> Quinone type compounds >>
Quinone methides OR Nucleophilic addition OR Nucleophilic addition >>
Addition to Carbon-hetero double/triple bond OR Nucleophilic addition >>
Addition to Carbon-hetero double/triple bond >> Ketones OR Nucleophilic
addition >> Nucleophilic addition at polarized N-functional double bond
OR Nucleophilic addition >> Nucleophilic addition at polarized
N-functional double bond >> C-Nitroso compounds OR Schiff base formation
OR Schiff base formation >> Pyrazolones and pyrazolidinones derivatives
OR Schiff base formation >> Pyrazolones and pyrazolidinones derivatives
>> Pyrazolones and pyrazolidinones OR Schiff base formation >> Schiff
base formation with carbonyl compounds OR Schiff base formation >>
Schiff base formation with carbonyl compounds >> Aldehydes OR SN2 OR SN2
>> Interchange reaction with sulphur containing compounds OR SN2 >>
Interchange reaction with sulphur containing compounds >> Thiols and
disulfide compounds OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon
atom OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom >>
alpha-activated haloalkanes OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3
Carbon atom >> alpha-haloalkanes OR SNAr OR SNAr >> Nucleophilic
aromatic substitution on activated halogens OR SNAr >> Nucleophilic
aromatic substitution on activated halogens >> Activated haloarenes by
Protein binding by OASIS v1.1
Domain
logical expression index: "g"
Similarity
boundary:Target:
c1(O)(.[Al]{3+})c(N=Nc2ccc(S(=O)(=O)O)cc2)c2c(cc(S(=O)(=O)O)cc2)cc1
Threshold=20%,
Dice(Atom centered fragments)
Domain
logical expression index: "h"
Parametric
boundary:The
target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= -1.75
Domain
logical expression index: "i"
Parametric
boundary:The
target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= 4.42
Effect on developmental toxicity: via oral route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEL
- 274 mg/kg bw/day
- Study duration:
- subacute
- Species:
- rat
- Quality of whole database:
- The data is K2 level as the data has been obtained from QSAR model considered by OECD.
Effect on developmental toxicity: via inhalation route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Effect on developmental toxicity: via dermal route
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Developmental toxicity:
In different studies, aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex has been investigated for developmental toxicity to a greater or lesser extent. Often are the studies based on in vivo experiments and estimated data in rodents, i.e. most commonly in mice and rats for aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex along with the study available on structurally similar read across substance Sunset Yellow (CAS no 2783-94-0). The predicted data using the OECD QSAR toolbox has also been compared with the experimental studies.
In a prediction done by SSS (2017) using the OECD QSAR toolbox with log kow as the primary descriptor, the developmental toxicity was estimated for aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex. The LOEL was estimated to be 274 mg/kg bw when New Zealand White rabbits were orally exposed with 4 aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex.
In another experimental study given by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)( EFSA Journal 2009; 7(11):1330) and Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (549. Sunset Yellow FCF (WHO Food Additives Series 17), 1964) on structurally similar read across substance Sunset Yellow (CAS no 2783-94-0), Charles River CD female rat were treated with Sunset Yellow at concentration 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw in methocel orally by gavage from day 6-15 of gestation. No effect on body weight was observed in treated female rats. Similarly no effect on reproductive parameters such as empty implantation sites, early- and late resorptions and dead fetuses were observed in treated female rats. In addition, No effect on live and dead offspring and sex ratio were observed. Mean body weight of the offspring of the exposed dams was decreased although with doubtful significance at 300, or 1000 mg/kg bw. No effect on external, internal, and skeletal abnormalities and fetuses with malformation were observed in treated rats. Therefore, NOAEL was considered to be 1000 mg/kg bw when Charles River CD female rat were treated with Sunset Yellow orally by gavage from day 6-15 of gestation.
Father supported by experimental study conducted by Tanaka et al (Toxicology and industrial health,Vol 12,No.1, 1996) on structurally similar read across substance Sunset Yellow (CAS no 2783-94-0), Crj: CD-1 male and female mice were treated with Sunset Yellow in the concentration of 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw orally in feed contained in basal diet (Nihon Clea, CE-2) for approx 17 weeks. No significant adverse effects were observed on body weight and food consumption of male and female mice during the preconception period, gestation or lactation periods. No significant adverse effect on movement activity of exploratory behavior in either sex at eight weeks of age. Abortion was observed in one dam and one dam killed all offspring in the third week of the lactation period and then died herself. That dam had a thymoma at 250 mg/kg bw. During the first week of the lactation period, two dams at 500 mg/kg bw showed underdeveloped mammary glands, which were observed as underdeveloped mammalae. No effects were observed in 1000 mg/kg bw treated female rats as compared to control in P generation. Similarly, Significant decrease in survival of pups were observed on PND 21 at 500 mg/kg bw as compared to control. The average body weight of offspring during the late lactation period was increased at 250 mg/kg bw in male and female and at 500 mg/kg bw in female as compared to control. In addition, Behavioral developmental parameters, swimming behavior of direction on PND 4 was significantly affected at 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw in male offspring and in all treatment groups in female offspring and those effects appeared significantly dose related (p < 0.01 in each sex). Swimming behavior of head angle on PND 4 was significantly affected at 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw in female offspring, and those effects appeared significantly dose-related (p < 0.05). Negative geotaxis on PND 4 and surface righting on PND 7 were affected significantly in male offspring at 500 mg/kg bw . Other parameters measured showed no adverse effects in either sex. Significant effects on multiple water T-maze performance in each sex were observed. No adverse effects on Movement activity of exploratory behavior were observed at eight weeks of age of F1 generation male and female rats. These results indicate that the dose levels of Sunset Yellow FCF produced some adverse effects on several behavioral developmental parameters during the early lactation period. Those dose levels, however, were approximately 662 times greater (at 500 mg/kg bw during the lactation period) than the human ADI of 2.5 mg/kg bw. Since the absorption of Sunset Yellow FCF was 3.6% in a study in rat, the active levels of Sunset Yellow FCF may be much lower than the actual dietary intake levels. The presumed actual daily intake of Sunset Yellow FCF in Japan is approximately 0.001 mg per person (0.02 pg/kg), which is much lower than the human ADI (Nakamura, 1995). It therefore seems that the level of actual dietary intake of Sunset Yellow FCF should have only a limited effect in humans. Therefore, NOAEL was considered to be 250 mg/kg bw for P and F1 generation when Crj: CD-1 male and female mice were treated with Sunset Yellow orally in feed contained in basal diet(Nihon Clea, CE-2) for approx 17 weeks.
Thus, based on the above studies and predictions on aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex and its read across substances, it can be concluded that LOEL value is 274 mg/kg bw for target chemical and 250 mg/kg bw and above is for read across Sunset Yellow (CAS no 2783-94-0). But, as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (May 10, 2005), Absorption of aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex is poor to nil via all routes of exposure, therefore no further dermal, oral, or inhalation exposure assessment is necessary. Hence, aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex is considered to be no safety concern for developmental toxicity.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the above studies and predictions on aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex and its read across substances, it can be concluded that LOEL value is 274 mg/kg bw for target chemical and 250 mg/kg bw and above is for read across Sunset Yellow (CAS no 2783-94-0). But, as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (May 10, 2005), Absorption of aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex is poor to nil via all routes of exposure, therefore no further dermal, oral, or inhalation exposure assessment is necessary. Hence, aluminium, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid complex is considered to be no safety concern for developmental toxicity.
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