Butylhydroxyoxostannane

Additional physico-chemical information

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

minimum ignition energy

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

22 November 2009

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: ASTM E-2019 Standard Test Method of a Dust Cloud in Air and BS 5958: Part 1: 1991 Control of Undesirable Static Electricity.

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: The German VDI organization (Fortschritt-Berichte VDI, Reihe 3: Verfahrenstechnik Nr 134).

Version / remarks:

This method is similar to the BS 5958 method, but it includes a 1 mH inductor in the discharge circuit.

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

no

Results:

MINIMUM IGNITION ENERGY: 100-300 mJ

Table 1: Results

Spark Energy (mJ)	Weight Dispersed (g)	No. of Trials	Ignition	Flame Size	Pressure
C/A	0.25	1	Yes	Large	High
C/A	0.50	1	Yes	Large	High
500	0.50	10	No	-	-
500	0.75	10	No	-	-
500	1.00	4	Yes	Medium	Low
300	1.00	10	No	-	-
300	2.00	10	No	-	-
300	4.00	10	No	-	-
300	8.00	8	Yes	Medium	Low
100	8.00	10	No	-	-
100	12.00	10	No	-	-
100	16.00	10	No	-	-
100	20.00	10	No	-	-
100	4.00	10	No	-	-
100	2.00	10	No	-	-
100	1.00	10	No	-	-
100	0.75	10	No	-	-
100	0.50	10	No	-	-
100	0.25	10	No	-	-

C/A = Constant Arc from 10 kV transformer.

Comment: 20.0g fills dispersion cup.

 

 Interpretation of results

- Minimum Ignition Energy of the Powder = 500 mJ: Low sensitivity to ignition: Ground plant when ignition energy is at or below this level.

- Minimum Ignition Energy of the Powder = 100 mJ: Consider grounding personnel when ignition energy is at or below this level.

- Minimum Ignition Energy of the Powder = 25 mJ: The majority of ignition incidents occur when ignition energy is below this level. The hazard from electrostatic discharges from dust clouds should be considered.

- Minimum Ignition Energy of the Powder = 10 mJ: High sensitivity to ignition. Take the above precautions and consider restrictions on the use of high resistivity materials (plastics). Electrostatic hazard from bulk powders of high resistivity should be considered.

- Minimum Ignition Energy of the Powder = 1 mJ: Extremely sensitive to ignition. Precautions should be as for flammable liquids and gases when ignition energy is at or below this level.

- It must be understood that the information above is general in nature and that exceptions to the general rules can arise when considering some powder handling operations.

- It is strongly recommended that in case of doubt about particular operations, expert advice be sought.

Conclusions:

Under the conditions of this study the minimum ignition temperature of the test material was 100-300 mJ.

Executive summary:

The minimum ignition temperature of the test material was investigated in accordance with the ASTM E-2019 and BS 5958 guidelines.

The Minimum Ignition Energy was measured using Vertical Tube Apparatus. This consists of a vertically mounted acrylic/glass tube of 63mm internal diameter and of approximately 1 litre volume. The tube was fitted with a compressed air dust dispersion system and 2 mm diameter brass electrodes between which sparks of known energy were passed.

Under the conditions of this study the minimum ignition temperature of the test material was 100-300 mJ.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

other: Dust explosion severity and minimum ignition temperature

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

Not specified

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Dust explosion severity determinations were performed using the Hartmann Dust Explosibility Bomb.
The minimum ignition temperature for a quiescent dust layer wasdetermined in the Godbert-Greenwald furnace.

GLP compliance:

yes

Results:

The test material sample has an explosivity severity value of 1.76, the test material therefore classifies as a strong rating (Weak <0.5, Moderate 0.5-1.0, Strong 1.0-2.0 and Severe >2.0).
The test material ignited as a settled dust layer at 180 °C, following incubation time of 60 minutes. Once the sample ignites the temperature increased at the maximum rate of 16 °C per minute. It reached a peak temperature of 300 °C during the exotherm.

Conclusions:

The test material sample has an explosivity severity value of 1.76, the test material therefore classified with a strong severity rating.
The test material ignited as a settled dust layer at 180 °C, following incubation time of 60 minutes.

Executive summary:

The test material sample can be ignited as a dispersed dust cloud using an electrical ignition source. The test material generates pressure at 4000 psi/sec, it has a relative explosion hazard of strong. The pressure generated in the experimental vessel was up to 98 psig, which is sufficient to destroy most dust collectors or dust-handling equipment. Dust layer ignition temperatures showed that the test material ignited at 180 °C in the Godbert-Greenwald furnace during a one hour incubation.

Description of key information

Dinh (2009):

Under the conditions of the study the minimum ignition temperature of the test material was 100-300 mJ.

Petino (1993):

The test material sample has an explosivity severity value of 1.76, the test material therefore classifies with a strong severity rating.

The test material ignited as a settled dust layer at 180 °C, following incubation time of 60 minutes.

Additional information

Dinh (2009): The minimum ignition temperature of the test material was investigated in accordance with the ASTM E-2019 and BS 5958 guidelines. The study was awarded a reliability score of 2 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).

The Minimum Ignition Energy was measured using Vertical Tube Apparatus. This consists of a vertically mounted acrylic/glass tube of 63mm internal diameter and of approximately 1 litre volume. The tube was fitted with a compressed air dust dispersion system and 2 mm diameter brass electrodes between which sparks of known energy were passed.

Under the conditions of this study the minimum ignition temperature of the test material was 100-300 mJ.

Petino (1993): The test material sample can be ignited as a dispersed dust cloud using an electrical ignition source. The test material generates pressure at 4000 psi/sec, it has a relative explosion hazard of strong. The pressure generated in the experimental vessel was up to 98 psig, which is sufficient to destroy most dust collectors or dust-handling equipment. Dust layer ignition temperatures showed that the test material ignited at 180 °C in the Godbert-Greenwald furnace during a one hour incubation.