Nickel dichloride

Repeated dose toxicity: other routes

Administrative data

Endpoint:

repeated dose toxicity: other route

Type of information:

other: K3/K4 Studies

Adequacy of study:

disregarded due to major methodological deficiencies

Reliability:

other: K3/K4

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

Though K3/K4 studies were evaluated and scored for reliability, robust summaries and unique IUCLID endpoint study records were not developed for such. Rather, a summary table of K3 and K4 studies evaluated and scored for this endpoint is provided in the field, "Any other information on results and tables" for informational purposes.

Data source

Reference

Reference 1

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Protective effect of Dunaliella sp., lipid extract rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, on hepatic and renal toxicity induced by nickel in rats.

Author:

Dahmen-Ben Moussa I, Bellassoued K, Athmouni K, Naifar M, Chtourou H, Ayadi H, Makni-Ayadi F, Sayadi S, El Feki A, Dhouib A.

Year:

2016

Bibliographic source:

Toxicol Mech Methods. 2016;26(3):221-30.

Reference 2

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Sub-acute nickel exposure impairs behavior, alters neuronal microarchitecture, and induces oxidative stress in rats’ brain

Author:

Ijomone OM, Okori SO, Ijomone OK, Ebokaiwe AP

Year:

2018

Bibliographic source:

Drug and Chemical Toxicology 41(4):377-384

Materials and methods

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Nickel chloride

EC Number:

253-399-0

EC Name:

Nickel chloride

Cas Number:

37211-05-5

Molecular formula:

NiCl2

IUPAC Name:

nickel(2+) dichloride

Results and discussion

Target system / organ toxicity

Critical effects observed:

not specified

Any other information on results incl. tables

Data Source	Study Design and Findings	Reliability
Dahmen-Ben Moussa I, Bellassoued K, Athmouni K, Naifar M, Chtourou H, Ayadi H, Makni-Ayadi F, Sayadi S, El Feki A, Dhouib A.	The researchers treated rats with 5 mg/kg/d nickel chloride via i.p. injection for 30 days and examined antioxidant stress markers in the kidney and liver, and protection by antioxidants.	K3:  Does not meet important study design criteria (route of administration)
Ijomone et al (2018). Sub-acute nickel exposure impairs behavior, alters neuronal microarchitecture, and induces oxidative stress in rats’ brain. Drug and Chemical Toxicology; 41(4):377 -384.	This study investigated the behavior and histopathological alterations in the brains of rats exposed to 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg nickel chloride, through intraperitoneal injection for 21 days. Treatment with nickel significantly increased mortality at 20 mg/kg, as three deaths occurred in the third week of treatment.	K3: Does not meet important study design or analytical criteria. Irrelevant route of exposure - intraperitoneal injection.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Executive summary:

Study rated by an independent reviewer