Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil

Flash point

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

flash point of flammable liquids

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

15 July to 30 July

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method A.9 (Flash-Point)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

ISO 3679 (Determination of flash point - Rapid equilibrium closed cup method)

Version / remarks:

2004

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of method:

equilibrium method closed cup

Key result

Flash point:

51 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Conclusions:

In the main test the lowest temperature where an ignition was observed was 51,1 °C. The measured flash point corrected for air pressure is 51,2 °C. The resulting corrected flash point rounded down with an accuracy of 0,5 K is 51,0 °C.

Executive summary:

Flash point was measured according to Regulation EC No. 440/2008 Method A.9 Flash Point CIPAC MT 12 (2009) and OPPTS Guideline 830.6315 (1996). The test item separated into two phases, a highly viscous larger phase and a smaller liquid phase.

In the main test the lowest temperature where an ignition was observed was 51,1 °C. The measured flash point corrected for air pressure is 51,2 °C. The resulting corrected flash point rounded down with an accuracy of 0,5 K is 51,0 °C.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

flash point, other

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

July 2015.

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study with acceptable restrictions

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

ISO No., other: ASTM D93-71

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

no

Type of method:

closed cup

Key result

Flash point:

ca. 43 °C

Atm. press.:

ca. 1 atm

Remarks on result:

other: Sample 1

Key result

Flash point:

ca. 61 °C

Atm. press.:

ca. 1 atm

Remarks on result:

other: Sample 2

Conclusions:

Flash point for Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil was found to be 43°C (Sample 1 Wood chips) and 61°C (Sample 2 Forest residue).

Executive summary:

Flash point for Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil was determined according to ASTM D93 -71. Flash point was found to be 43°C (Sample 1 Wood chips) and 61°C (Sample 2 Forest residue). The samples were homogenised prior the measurements.

Description of key information

Flash point was measured according to Regulation EC No. 440/2008 Method A.9 Flash Point CIPAC MT 12 (2009) and OPPTS Guideline 830.6315 (1996). The test item separated into two phases, a highly viscous larger phase and a smaller liquid phase.
In the main test the lowest temperature where an ignition was observed was 51,1 °C. The measured flash point corrected for air pressure is 51,2 °C. The resulting corrected flash point rounded down with an accuracy of 0,5 K is 51,0 °C.
In two studies according to method ASTM D93-71, flash point for homogenised Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil was found to be 43°C (Sample 1 Wood chips) and 61°C (Sample 2 Forest residue). 
The average of the three studies for flash point is 51.7 °C.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Flash point at 101 325 Pa:

51.7 °C

Additional information

Flash points from 40°C to above 100°C have been measured for fast pyrolysis liquids (Oasmaa et al. 1997). With pyrolysis liquids the low-boiling volatile compounds flash slightly before the evaporated water suppresses ignition. The flash may be too difficult to distinguish leading to differences in results.

REFERENCES:

Oasmaa, A., Leppämäki, E., Koponen, P., Levander, J. & Tapola, E. 1997. Physical characterisation of biomass-based pyrolysis liquids. Application of standard fuel oil analyses. Espoo, VTT. 46 p. + app. 30 p. VTT Publications 306. ISBN 951-38-5051-X.