Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, propyl ester, (2S)-

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1994-07-14 to 1994-08-18

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Purasolv PL (n-propyl lactate)
- Substance type: monoconstituent
- Physical state: liquid
- Analytical purity: 99.5%
- Stability under test conditions: stable
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations sampled: 56, 180 and 560 mg/L
- Sampling method: 60 ml samples were taken in glass bottles
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: no data

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Controls: no control was added
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): hexane
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution): no data
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): no

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Strain: Not applicable
- Source: TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Netherlands
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 1 day
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): no data
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): NA
- Valve height at study initiation, for shell deposition study (mean and range, SD): NA
- Peripheral shell growth removed prior to test initiation: NA
- Feeding during test: No

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 4 weeks
- Type and amount of food: 4.0E+09 algal cells (Chlorella) and 0.13 g yeast per 4 liters
- Feeding frequency: daily
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): no

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Post exposure observation period:

No

Hardness:

-

Test temperature:

19.1 °C at the beginning and at the end of the test.

pH:

7.4–7.9

Dissolved oxygen:

The lowest value for O2 concentrations was 7.2 mg/L

Salinity:

-

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations tested: 56, 100, 180, 320, 560, 1000 mg/L.
Concentrations were measured for 56, 180 and 560 mg/L, see table 1 (any other information on materials and methods incl. tables)

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 150 ml all-glass beakers
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Fill volume: 100 ml
- Aeration: no
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): NA
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): NA
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- Biomass loading rate: 5 per 100 ml

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: DSWL
- Total organic carbon: 1.9 mg/L
- Particulate matter: -
- Chlorine: Cl- 2.68 mmol/L
- Alkalinity: 8.3–8.5
- Ca2+: 1.21 mmol/L
- Culture medium different from test medium: no

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: areation was used to adjust the pH
- Photoperiod: 16 h light 8 h dark
- Light intensity: -

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : swimming behaviour, colour or any visually observable morphological or behavioural criterion

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2 except for 56 and 100 mg/L and 560 and 1000 mg/L
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: not indicated
- Range finding study: A range-finding study was conducted, but results were not reported. However, it is stated that results were used to set the concentration range to be used in the actual test.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

560 mg/L

95% CI:

>= 472 - <= 574

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

423 mg/L

95% CI:

>= 320 - <= 560

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC100

Effect conc.:

560 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

320 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

320 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: condition

Details on results:

- Behavioural abnormalities: None
- Observations on body length and weight: No
- Other biological observations: None
- Mortality of control: No
- Other adverse effects control: None
- Abnormal responses: none
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: All solution were completely clear
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No

Results with reference substance (positive control):

NA

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The maximum likehood estimates of the EC50 values were calculated assuming a log dose-effect relation. Likehood-ratio confidence intervals were derived from the confidence intervals.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

No daphnids were immobilized in the control; the lowest oxygen concentration measured in the 0, 56, 100 and 180 mg/L test vessel was 7.2 mg/L (> 3 mg/L as required by the OECD 202 guideline).

Conclusions:

The 48-hour static acute toxicity test with n-propyl lactate in Daphnia magna was conducted according with OECD guideline 202. The EC50 of n-propyl lactate is 423 mg/L with a 95% CI of 320–560 mg/L.

Executive summary:

The acute toxicity of propyl lactate to the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna was determined according to OECD guideline no. 202 and the OECD principles of GLP. The test was carried out with 4 × 5 daphnids in the control medium and each concentration using a static test design. The exposure duration was 48 hours. The nominal concentrations tested were 56, 100, 180, 320, 560 and 1000 mg/L.

All test solutions were completely clear (visually assessed) throughout the test.

The results of the test were (as nominal concentrations):

24-h EC50 (mobility)                 : 560 mg/L

48-h EC50 (mobility)                 : 423 mg/L

48-h EC100 (mobility)               : 560 mg/L

48-h NOEC (mobility = 48h EC0): 320 mg/L

48-h NOEC (other observations, e.g. swimming behaviour): 320 mg/L                                                  

The actual concentration of propyl lactate in the test solutions was determined by GC. Measured concentration were between 73 % and 93% of the nominal concentration.

Description of key information

A 48-h static acute toxicity test with n-propyl lactate in Daphnia magna was conducted according to OECD guideline 202. The EC₅₀ (mobility) of n-propyl lactate is 423 mg/L with a 95 % CI of 320–560 mg/L. Following the CLP regulation (EC) 1272/2008, the EC₅₀ of n-propyl lactate does not warrant any classification for aquatic toxicity.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect concentration:

423 mg/L