Hydrocarbons, C11-C13 (odd numbered), n-alkanes, <2% aromatics

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: The test substance is a poorly water soluble mixture. Therefore a water accommodated fraction (WAF) was prepared using a slow-stir liquid-liquid saturator technique [Ref. 9, 10]. The required volume of test media was added into a glass aspirator bottle (approx. 20 L) with a bottom side-outlet attached to a stopcock. The necessary volume of the test substance (2.67 mL) was calculated from the density and was pipetted carefully on the water surface. The bottle was closed and the solution was stirred on a magnetic plate for about 1 day. The stirring is slow (approx. 100 rpm) so that no vortex formed. The required volume (10 L) of the WAF was removed from the bottom of the bottle and visually inspected for the presence of any undissolved test substance. The control was prepared in the same way but without test substance and in closed 10 L bottles. The control preparation was used directly in this bottles.
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): All test treatments were visibly clear over the entire exposure period.

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: zebra fish
- Source: in-house culture
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): ~ 12 months
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): 3.1 cm (2.8 cm–3.3 cm)
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 0.21 g (0.14 g–0.31 g)
- Feeding during test: none

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: The fish were acclimatized to the testing conditions including test water, temperature and light regime for at least 14 days.
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): same
- Type and amount of food: Commercial fish diet ”Tetramin“ (manufacturer Tetra-Werke, Melle, Germany) daily ad libitum, additionally generally on workdays live juvenile brine shrimp (Artemia nauplii).
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): none

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

100 mg/L CaCO3

Test temperature:

23 ± 1°C

pH:

8.1 - 8.4

Dissolved oxygen:

7.4 - 8.6 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 100 mg/L loading rate WAF

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 10 Liter glass flask containing 10 L test solution sealed with a glass plug
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Aeration: none
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): daily
- No. of organisms per vessel: 7
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 1

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: non-chlorinated charcoal filtered drinking water (Frankenthal, Germany) mixed with deionized water
- Alkalinity: 2.5 mmol/L
- Ca/mg ratio: 8
- Conductivity: 250 µS/cm
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature were measured after 1, 24, 48, 72 and 96h test duration.

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16h: 8h
- Light intensity: 80 - 328 lux

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: Mortality was recorded after 1, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96h test duration.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

(WAF)

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

No mortality was observed in the treatment throughout the test period.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

January 1986

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

This robust summary has a reliability rating of 2 because the study did not follow GLP and the test containers were open to the air, which allowed for some volatile loss of the test substance. The study followed a standard guideline and was conducted without deviations that would invalidate the study.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Unpublished Environment Canada Guideline: Environmental Protection Service 1985; Laboratory for determining the acute lethality of a water-soluble fraction of mineral oil to rainbow trout. Environment Canada, Dartmouth, N.S. June 17.

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Samples for analyses were taken at test initiation and termination.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The treatment solution was prepared by adding one part of the test substance to nine parts dechlorinated tap water for a total volume of 100 L in 120 L cylindrical fiberglass tanks. The tanks were covered with a sheet of polyethylene, and the stock solution was mixed for 20 hours at room temperature with a vortex of approximately 25%. Mixing was performed using a magnetic stir plate and stir bar. After mixing, the solutions were allowed to separate for four hours and the Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) was then siphoned from the bottom of the mixing vessel and added to the test vessels. Siphons were placed in the tanks prior to adding the test material. Analytical measurements confirmed components of the test material were present in the test solution.

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

Reported as former name, Salmo gairdneri. Juvenile trout were obtained from Loch Bras d'Or Salmon Farms in Baddeck, Nova Scotia, Canada. The fish had been maintained at a temperature of approximately 5 degrees C at the hatchery. The fish were kept in the testing laboratory in dechlorinated tap water. Prior to the start of the test, the holding water was increased in temperature to approximately 15 degrees C in 2 degrees C/day increments. Fish were fed daily until 24 hours prior to test initiation. The mean length of the fish was 45.9 mm, mean weight was 0.85 gm, and test loading was approximately 0.125 g fish/L. Fish were not fed during the exposure period.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

None

Test temperature:

15.3 to 18.2 degrees C for the test substance.
15.5 to 17.0 degrees C for the control.

pH:

6.7 to 7.2 for the test substance.
6.7 to 7.3 for the control.

Dissolved oxygen:

7.7 to 9.1 mg/L for the test substance.
7.6 to 10.5 mg/L for the control.

Salinity:

Freshwater

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Water accomodated fractions were prepared by adding one part of the test substance to nine parts dechlorinated tap water for a total volume of 100 L in 120 L cylindrical fiberglass tanks. The nominal loading was 792,000 mg/L. The test substance concentration was 160 ppb at test initiation and 70 ppb at termination. The control measured 40 ppb at test initiation.

Details on test conditions:

Test vessels were 60 L circular polyethylene containers with 2 L of test solution per gram of fish per 24 hours of exposure, for approximately 60 L of solution open to the air. One replicate for the concentration and one replicate for the control were tested, each containing 10 fish.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

792 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

No mortality was observed from a water soluble fraction of the test substance prepared at a loading of 792,000 mg/L.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

None were needed as there was no mortality.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

A water soluble fraction of the test substance prepared at a loading of 792,000 mg/L did not produce mortality to the fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss, during a 96-hour exposure period.

Executive summary:

A water soluble fraction of the test substance prepared at a loading of 792,000 mg/L did not produce mortality to the fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss, during a 96-hour exposure period. Test systems were not covered during the exposure period, but analytical results showed that constituents of the test substance were present at test initiation and termination.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

May 1994

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP guideline study with read across substance

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The water accommodated fraction of the test material was prepared by stirring the test material in the exposure solution for 22 hours after which the the aqueous phase was removed for testing.

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

Fish were obtained from Zeals Trouit Farm, Zeals, Wiltshire, UK, and acclimated to the test conditions for more than nine days before use. A sample of seven of the fish had a mean length of 4.7 cm and a mean weight of 0.95 g.

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

None

Hardness:

220 to 290 mg/L CaCO3

Test temperature:

15 to 17 degrees C

pH:

7.1 to 7.4

Dissolved oxygen:

9.0 to 9.8 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal loading rate was 1000 mg/L. A control was also included.

Details on test conditions:

The study was conducted in closed test systems that were renewed daily with fresh treatment solution. The test systems used were 1L glass aspirator bottles. Seven fish were exposed to each of the control and treatment solutions and were not fed during the study.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

Seven fish were added to the control and treatment solutions. Mortality results are as follows:

Loading Rate Mortality
(mg/L) 24 hr 48 hr 72 hr 96 hr
Control 0 0 0 0
1000 0 0 0 0

Reported statistics and error estimates:

None

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The water accommodated fraction of the test substance produced a 96-hour LL50 value of >1000 mg/L and LL0 value of 1000 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. No mortality was observed in either the control or treatment test systems.

Executive summary:

The water accommodated fraction of the test substance produced a 96-hour LL50 value of >1000 mg/L and LL0 value of 1000 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. No mortality was observed in either the control or treatment systems.

Reference 4

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

January 1986

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

This robust summary has a reliability rating of 2 because the study did not follow GLP and the test containers were open to the air, which allowed for some volatile loss of the test substance. The study followed a standard guideline and was conducted without deviations that would invalidate the study.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Unpublished Environment Canada Guideline: Environmental Protection Service 1985; Laboratory for determining the acute lethality of a water-soluble fraction of mineral oil to rainbow trout. Environment Canada, Dartmouth, N.S. June 17.

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Samples for analyses were taken at test initiation and termination.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The treatment solution was prepared by adding one part of the test substance to nine parts dechlorinated tap water for a total volume of 100 L in 120 L cylindrical fiberglass tanks. The tanks were covered with a sheet of polyethylene, and the stock solution was mixed for 20 hours at room temperature with a vortex of approximately 25%. Mixing was performed using a magnetic stir plate and stir bar. After mixing, the solutions were allowed to separate for four hours and the Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) was then siphoned from the bottom of the mixing vessel and added to the test vessels. Siphons were placed in the tanks prior to adding the test material. Analytical measurements confirmed components of the test material were present in the test solution.

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

Reported as former name, Salmo gairdneri. Juvenile trout were obtained from Loch Bras d'Or Salmon Farms in Baddeck, Nova Scotia, Canada. The fish had been maintained at a temperature of approximately 5 degrees C at the hatchery. The fish were kept in the testing laboratory in dechlorinated tap water. Prior to the start of the test, the holding water was increased in temperature to approximately 15 degrees C in 2 degrees C/day increments. Fish were fed daily until 24 hours prior to test initiation. The mean length of the fish was 45.9 mm, mean weight was 0.85 gm, and test loading was approximately 0.125 g fish/L. Fish were not fed during the exposure period.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

None

Test temperature:

15.3 to 19.0 degrees C for the test substance.
15.5 to 17.0 degrees C for the control.

pH:

6.4 to 6.9 for the test substance.
6.7 to 7.3 for the control.

Dissolved oxygen:

7.5 to 9.2 mg/L for the test substance.
7.6 to 10.5 mg/L for the control.

Salinity:

Freshwater

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Water accomodated fractions were prepared by adding one part of the test substance to nine parts dechlorinated tap water for a total volume of 100 L in 120 L cylindrical fiberglass tanks. The nominal loading was 803,000 mg/L. The test substance concentration was 190 ppb at test initiation and 90 ppb at termination. The control measured 40 ppb at test initiation.

Details on test conditions:

Test vessels were 60 L circular polyethylene containers with 2 L of test solution per gram of fish per 24 hours of exposure, for approximately 60 L of solution open to the air. One replicate for the concentration and one replicate for the control were tested, each containing 10 fish.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

803 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

No mortality was observed from a water soluble fraction of the test substance prepared at a loading of 803,000 mg/L.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

None were needed as there was no mortality.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

A water soluble fraction of the test substance prepared at a loading of 803,000 mg/L did not produce mortality to the fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss, during a 96-hour exposure period.

Executive summary:

A water soluble fraction of the test substance prepared at a loading of 803,000 mg/L did not produce mortality to the fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss, during a 96-hour exposure period. Test systems were not covered during the exposure period, but analytical results showed that constituents of the test substance were present at test initiation and termination.

Reference 5

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

March - November 1993

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP guideline study with read across substance

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

An equilibration study was conducted prior to the study to determine the length of time needed to develop water accommodated fractions (WAFs) at the 1000 mg/L loading level. The aqueous phase of the WAF was analyzed after 1, 24, 48, and 96 hours of stirring. In all samples, the quantity of test substance in solution was less than the limit of detection (0.5 mg/L). Further analysis of test substance in test media a loading level of 1 g/L also showed no detectable amounts of test substance. Consequently, analysis of treatment solutions from the definitive study were not conducted.

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)

Details on test organisms:

Fish were obtained from Zeals Trouit Farm, Zeals, Wiltshire, UK, and acclimated to the test conditions for more than nine days before use. A sample of ten of the fish had a mean length of 4.6 cm and a mean weight of 0.97 g.

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Post exposure observation period:

None

Hardness:

242 to 340 mg/L CaCO3

Test temperature:

15 to 17 degrees C

pH:

6.7 to 7.0

Dissolved oxygen:

8.3 to 9.5 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

The nominal loading rate was 1000 mg/L. A control was also included.

Details on test conditions:

The study was conducted in closed test systems that were renewed daily with fresh treatment solution. The test systems used were 12L glass bottles. Ten fish were exposed to each of the control and treatment solutions and were not fed during the study.

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LL0

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

Ten fish were added to the control and treatment solution. Mortality results are as follows:

Loading Rate Mortality
(mg/L) 24 hr 48 hr 72 hr 96 hr
Control 0 0 0 0
1000 0 0 0 0

Reported statistics and error estimates:

None

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

A water accommodated fraction of the test substance produced a 96-hour LL50 value of >1000 mg/L and a LL0 value of 1000 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. No mortality was observed in the treatment solution.

Executive summary:

Water accommodated fractions of the test substance produced a 96-hour LL50 value of >1000 mg/L and a LL0 value of 1000 mg/L with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. No mortality was observed in the treatment solution.

Description of key information

96h-LL50 > 100 mg/L (nominal, loading rate WAF) for mortality of Danio rerio (OECD 203)

Additional information

One study investigating the short-term toxicity of Hydrocarbons, C11-C13 (odd numbered), n-alkanes, <2% aromatics to freshwater fish is available. The study was performed according to OECD guideline 203 under GLP conditions using Danio rerio as test organism (BASF 2015). A 100 mg/L loading rate WAF was tested in a limit test. No mortality was observed in the treatment throughout the test period. Thus, the 96h-LL50 value is determined to be > 100 mg/L based on the nominal concentration. The very low acute toxicity is confirmed by experimental data provided for very similar hydrocarbons in the range of C10 to C14.