phosphonic acid, [2-(4-aminophenyl)-1-hydroxyethylidene]bis-, monosodium salt

Eye irritation

Administrative data

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

The study was conducted between 24 August 2018 and 24 August 2018.

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2018

Report date:

2018

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU method B.47 (Bovine corneal opacity and permeability test method for identifying ocular corrosives and severe irritants)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

phosphonic acid, [2-(4-aminophenyl)-1-hydroxyethylidene]bis-, monosodium salt

EC Number:

828-215-2

Cas Number:

172796-84-8

Molecular formula:

C8H12NO7P2Na

IUPAC Name:

phosphonic acid, [2-(4-aminophenyl)-1-hydroxyethylidene]bis-, monosodium salt

impurity 1

Reference substance name:

4-aminophenylacetic acid

EC Number:

214-828-7

EC Name:

4-aminophenylacetic acid

Cas Number:

1197-55-3

Molecular formula:

C8H9NO2

IUPAC Name:

4-aminophenylacetic acid

impurity 2

Reference substance name:

EBP dimer

Molecular formula:

C16H22N2O12P4

IUPAC Name:

EBP dimer

Test material form:

solid: particulate/powder

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Identification: Phosphonic acid, [2-(4-aminophenyl)-1-hydroxyethylidene]bis-,monosodium salt (“EBP”)

SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: CHPC071917EBP
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 01 July 2019

STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature in the dark

OTHER SPECIFICS:
- Purity: >98% pure
- Physical state/Appearance: Beige colored powder

Test animals / tissue source

Species:

other: Eyes from adult cattle

Strain:

other: Not applicable

Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:

Eyes from adult cattle (typically 12 to 60 months old) were obtained from a local abattoir as a by-product from freshly slaughtered animals. The eyes were excised by an abattoir employee after slaughter, and were placed in Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) supplemented with antibiotics (penicillin at 100 IU/mL and streptomycin at 100 μg/mL). They were transported to the test facility over ice packs on the same day of slaughter. The corneas were refrigerated on arrival and used within 24 hours of receipt.

Test system

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

yes, concurrent positive control

yes, concurrent negative control

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5534 g of solid test item

CONTROLS
- Positive control: 0.75 mL (20% w/v solution in sodium chloride 0.9% w/v)
- Negative control: 0.75 mL (0.9% w/v)

Duration of treatment / exposure:

240 minutes

Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):

90 minutes

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

Triplicate

Details on study design:

Preparation of Corneas
All eyes were macroscopically examined before and after dissection. Only corneas free of damage were used.
The cornea from each selected eye was removed leaving a 2 to 3 mm rim of sclera to facilitate handling. The iris and lens were peeled away from the cornea. The isolated corneas were immersed in a dish containing HBSS until they were mounted in Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) holders.
The anterior and posterior chambers of each BCOP holder were filled with complete Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM) without phenol red and plugged. The holders were incubated at 32 ± 1 ºC for 60 minutes. At the end of the incubation period each cornea was examined for defects. Only corneas free of damage were used.

Selection of Corneas and Opacity Reading
The medium from both chambers of each holder was replaced with fresh complete EMEM.
A pre-treatment opacity reading was taken for each cornea using a calibrated opacitometer.
Three corneas were randomly allocated to the negative control. Three corneas were also allocated to the test item and three corneas to the positive control item.

Treatment of Corneas
The EMEM was removed from the anterior chamber of the BCOP holder and the test item or control items were applied to the cornea. Approximately 0.5534 g of the solid test item was found to adequately cover the corneal surface. 0.75ml of each control item was applied to the appropriate corneas. The holders were gently tilted back and forth to ensure a uniform application of the item over the entire cornea. Each holder was incubated, anterior chamber uppermost, at 32 ± 1 ºC for 240 minutes.
At the end of the exposure period the test item and control items were removed from the anterior chamber and the cornea was rinsed 3 times with fresh complete EMEM containing phenol red before a final rinse with complete EMEM without phenol red. The anterior chamber was refilled with fresh complete EMEM without phenol red. A post-treatment opacity reading was taken and each cornea was visually observed.

Application of Sodium Fluorescein
Following the opacity measurement the permeability of the corneas to sodium fluorescein was evaluated. The medium from the anterior chamber was removed and replaced with 1 mL of sodium fluorescein solution (5 mg/mL). The dosing holes were plugged and the holders incubated, anterior chamber uppermost, at 32 ± 1 ºC for 90 minutes.

Permeability Determinations
After incubation the medium in the posterior chamber of each holder was decanted and retained.
360 μL of media representing each cornea was dispensed into the appropriate wells of a pre-labeled 96-well plate. The optical density was measured (quantitative viability analysis) at 492 nm (without a reference filter) using the Labtech LT-4500 microplate reader.

Histopathology
The corneas were retained after testing for possible conduct of histopathology. Each cornea was placed into a pre-labeled tissue cassette fitted with a histology sponge to protect the endothelial surface. The cassette was immersed in 10% neutral buffered formalin.
No histopathology was required for this study.

Results and discussion

In vitro

Results

Irritation parameter:

in vitro irritation score

Run / experiment:

Mean

Value:

8.4

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

not determinable

Other effects / acceptance of results:

The positive control In Vitro Irritancy Score was within the range of 71.2 to 132.9. The positive control acceptance criterion was therefore satisfied.
The negative control gave opacity of ≤2.3 and permeability ≤0.44. The negative control acceptance criteria were therefore satisfied.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Corneal Epithelium Condition

The corneas treated with the test item had a small amount of test item adhered post treatment. The corneas treated with the negative control item were clear post treatment. The corneas treated with the positive control item were cloudy post treatment.

In Vitro Irritancy Score

The In Vitro irritancy scores are summarized as follows:

Treatment	In Vitro Irritancy Score
Test Item+	8.4
Negative Control	1.9
Positive Control	118.5

+=   Test item could not be formulated to a concentration of 20% w/v solution in sodium chloride 0.9% w/v

 

Individual and Mean Corneal Opacity and Permeability Measurements

Treatment	Cornea Number	Opacity				Permeability (OD492)		In Vitro Irritancy Score
		Pre-Treatment	Post-Treatment	Post-Treatment-Pre‑Treatment	Corrected Value		Corrected Value
Negative Control	1	5	7	2		0.009
	2	5	6	1		0.019
	3	5	7	2		0.009
				1.7*		0.012¨		1.9
Positive Control	4	6	82	76	74.3	3.125	3.113
	5	4	80	76	74.3	3.105	3.093
	6	7	94	87	85.3	1.910	1.898
					78.0·		2.701·	118.5
Test Item	7	7	17	10	8.3	0.080	0.068
	9	7	16	9	7.3	0.023	0.011
	10	5	15	10	8.3	0.006	0.000
					8.0·		0.026·	8.4

OD= Optical density           * = Mean of the post-treatment -pre‑treatment values             ¨= Mean permeability                     ·= Mean corrected value

Corneal Epithelium Condition Post Treatment

Treatment	Cornea Number	Observation Post Treatment
Negative Control	1	Clear
	2	Clear
	3	Clear
Positive Control	4	Cloudy
	5	Cloudy
	6	Cloudy
Test Item	7	Small amount of test item remained adhered to cornea
	9	Small amount of test item remained adhered to cornea
	10	Small amount of test item remained adhered to cornea

Opacitometer Calibration

The opacitometer was calibrated on the day of the test.

Calibration of Opacitometer
Balance dial = 0	Target	Reading displayed	Acceptable
Calibrator number 1	75	75	Yes
Calibrator number 2	150 ±2%	149	Yes
Calibrator number 3	225 ±2%	223	Yes

Calibration of the opacitometer was considered to be acceptable.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

study cannot be used for classification

Conclusions:

No prediction of eye irritation can be made.

Executive summary:

Introduction

The purpose of this test was to identify test items that can induce serious eye damage and to identify test items not requiring classification for eye irritation or serious eye damage. The Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) test method is an organotypic model that provides short‑term maintenance of normal physiological and biochemical function of the bovine cornea in vitro. In this test method, damage by the test item is assessed by quantitative measurements of changes in corneal opacity and permeability.

The test method can correctly identify test items (both chemicals and mixtures) inducing serious eye damage as well as those not requiring classification for eye irritation or serious eye damage, as defined by the United Nations (UN) Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Items (GHS) and EU Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) of chemicals (Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008), and it was therefore endorsed as scientifically valid for both purposes. Test items inducing serious eye damage are classified as UN GHS and EU CLP Category 1. Items not classified for eye irritation or serious eye damage are defined as those that do not meet the requirements for classification as UN GHS/EU CLP Category 1 or 2 (2A or 2B), i.e. they are referred to as UN GHS/EU CLP No Category.

Method

The test item was applied neat for 240 minutes. Negative and positive control items were tested concurrently. The two endpoints, decreased light transmission through the cornea (opacity) and increased passage of sodium fluorescein dye through the cornea (permeability) were combined in an empirically derived formula to generate an In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS). 

Data Interpretation

The test item is classified according to the prediction model as follows:

IVIS	UN GHS
≤ 3	No Category
>3; ≤ 55	No prediction can be made
> 55	Category 1

 

Results

The In Vitro irritancy scores are summarized as follows:

Treatment	In Vitro Irritancy Score
Test Item+	8.4
Negative Control	1.9
Positive Control	118.5

+=   Test item could not be formulated to a concentration of 20% w/v solution in sodium chloride 0.9% w/v

Conclusion

No prediction of eye irritation can be made.