undecan-2-one; methyl nonyl ketone

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Justification for type of information:

Data is from authoritative databases and secondary sources

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: as mentioned below

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Short term toxicity to fish study was carried out for 96 hrs.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Vehicle:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Pimephales promelas

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Fathead Minnow
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 31 d
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): 21.9 mm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 0.157 gm
- Method of cultivation: Test fishes were cultured at the U. S. EPA Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth and the University of the Wisconsin-Superior campus.
- Other: Adults were held in flowing water with a 16 hr light controlled photoperiod and fed frozen adult brine shrimp. They were provided with asbestos pipes (cut in half-longitudinally) as spawning substrates.
Test fishes were not fed 24 hr before or during the test.

Test type:

flow-through

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Hardness:

48.8 mg/L CaCO3

Test temperature:

25.1°C (23 to 26.7°C)

pH:

7.7

Dissolved oxygen:

6.6 mg/l

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: a continuous flow mini-diluter, an ABC solenoid-operated electronic diluter, or a single cell/glass column system.
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5, 10 or 20 test fish/vessel
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): Duplicates
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): Duplicates
- Biomass loading rate: 0.5 g/l/day

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS : Lake Superior water or water from the municipal suplly for the City of Superior, Wisconsin, which is derived from wells beneath Lake Superior and it is very similar in its natural chemical characteristics to Lake Superior water.

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 hr continuous light

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : All test exposure chambers were sampled at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr. It was analyzed immediately or adequately preserved for later analysis. The number of dead fish was noted after every 24 hr after the beginning of a test, at which time they were also removed. Observations of fish behavior and toxic signs were noted. Unique behavior was also recorded using a color video camera and 0.5 inch video tape recorder.

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

1.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95% C. I. = 1.39 to 1.62 mg/l

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The LC50 value with corresponding 95% C. I. were calculated using the corrected average of the analyzed tank concentrations and the Trimmed Spearman-Karber method.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

Based on the effect on mortality of the test fishes, the 96 hr LC50 value was determined to be 1.5 mg/l (95% C. I. = 1.39 to 1.62 mg/l).

Executive summary:

An acute toxicity to fish study was carried out for 96 hrs. Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow) of 31 d old was used as a test fishes. It has a length of 21.9 mm and weight of 0.157 gm, respectively. Test fishes were cultured at the U. S. EPA Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth and the University of the Wisconsin-Superior campus. Adults were held in flowing water with a 16 hr light controlled photoperiod and fed frozen adult brine shrimp. They were provided with asbestos pipes (cut in half-longitudinally) as spawning substrates. Test fishes were not fed 24 hr before or during the test. Study was performed under flow through conditions at a temperature of 25.1°C, hardness of 48.8 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen of 6.6 mg/l and pH of 7.7 mg/l, respectively. Test chemical analysis was carred out either using gas-liquid chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and UV-visible spectrophotometry. Lake Superior water or water from the municipal suplly for the City of Superior, Wisconsin, which is derived from wells beneath Lake Superior and it is very similar in its natural chemical characteristics to Lake Superior water. A continuous flow mini-diluter, an ABC solenoid-operated electronic diluter, or a single cell/glass column system was used as a test vessel. Prior to initiating a test, prospective test fish were ''pooled'' if reared in more than one tank. At the start of the test, individuals were removed from the ''common pool'' of fish with a net and distributed at random among the exposure chambers. The tests were intiated by adding 20, 10 or 5 fish per treatment and control for the mini, electronic, and single cell/glass column systems, respectively. Fish loading did not exceed 0.5 g/l/day in flow through systems. All experiments were performed in duplicates. All test exposure chambers were sampled at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr. It was analyzed immediately or adequately preserved for later analysis. The number of dead fish was noted after every 24 hr after the beginning of a test, at which time they were also removed. Observations of fish behavior and toxic signs were noted. Unique behavior was also recorded using a color video camera and 0.5 inch video tape recorder. The LC50 value with corresponding 95% C. I. were calculated using the corrected average of the analyzed tank concentrations and the Trimmed Spearman-Karber method. On the basis of the effect on mortality of the test fishes, the 96 hr LC50 value was determined to be 1.5 mg/l (95% C. I. = 1.39 to 1.62 mg/l). Thus, test chemical was considered as toxic to fishes. Since, the test chemical is readily biodegradable in water, chemical was considered as non-toxic to aquatic fishes and hence, considered to be ‘not classified’ as per CLP classification criteria.

Description of key information

An acute toxicity to fish study was carried out for 96 hrs (from authoritative databases and secondary sources). Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow) of 31 d old was used as a test fishes. It has a length of 21.9 mm and weight of 0.157 gm, respectively. Test fishes were cultured at the U. S. EPA Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth and the University of the Wisconsin-Superior campus. Adults were held in flowing water with a 16 hr light controlled photoperiod and fed frozen adult brine shrimp. They were provided with asbestos pipes (cut in half-longitudinally) as spawning substrates. Test fishes were not fed 24 hr before or during the test. Study was performed under flow through conditions at a temperature of 25.1°C, hardness of 48.8 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen of 6.6 mg/l and pH of 7.7 mg/l, respectively. Test chemical analysis was carred out either using gas-liquid chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and UV-visible spectrophotometry. Lake Superior water or water from the municipal suplly for the City of Superior, Wisconsin, which is derived from wells beneath Lake Superior and it is very similar in its natural chemical characteristics to Lake Superior water. A continuous flow mini-diluter, an ABC solenoid-operated electronic diluter, or a single cell/glass column system was used as a test vessel. Prior to initiating a test, prospective test fish were ''pooled'' if reared in more than one tank. At the start of the test, individuals were removed from the ''common pool'' of fish with a net and distributed at random among the exposure chambers. The tests were intiated by adding 20, 10 or 5 fish per treatment and control for the mini, electronic, and single cell/glass column systems, respectively. Fish loading did not exceed 0.5 g/l/day in flow through systems. All experiments were performed in duplicates. All test exposure chambers were sampled at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr. It was analyzed immediately or adequately preserved for later analysis. The number of dead fish was noted after every 24 hr after the beginning of a test, at which time they were also removed. Observations of fish behavior and toxic signs were noted. Unique behavior was also recorded using a color video camera and 0.5 inch video tape recorder. The LC50 value with corresponding 95% C. I. were calculated using the corrected average of the analyzed tank concentrations and the Trimmed Spearman-Karber method. On the basis of the effect on mortality of the test fishes, the 96 hr LC50 value was determined to be 1.5 mg/l (95% C. I. = 1.39 to 1.62 mg/l). Thus, test chemical was considered as toxic to fishes. Since, the test chemical is readily biodegradable in water, chemical was considered as non-toxic to aquatic fishes and hence, considered to be ‘not classified’ as per CLP classification criteria.

 

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

1.5 mg/L

Additional information

Various experimental studies and predicted data of the test chemical and its read across chemical were reviewed for short term toxicity to fish end point which are summarized as below:

 

In an experimental study from authoritative databases and secondary sources, an acute toxicity to fish study was carried out for 96 hrs. Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow) of 31 d old was used as a test fishes. It has a length of 21.9 mm and weight of 0.157 gm, respectively. Test fishes were cultured at the U. S. EPA Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth and the University of the Wisconsin-Superior campus. Adults were held in flowing water with a 16 hr light controlled photoperiod and fed frozen adult brine shrimp. They were provided with asbestos pipes (cut in half-longitudinally) as spawning substrates. Test fishes were not fed 24 hr before or during the test. Study was performed under flow through conditions at a temperature of 25.1°C, hardness of 48.8 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen of 6.6 mg/l and pH of 7.7 mg/l, respectively. Test chemical analysis was carred out either using gas-liquid chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and UV-visible spectrophotometry. Lake Superior water or water from the municipal suplly for the City of Superior, Wisconsin, which is derived from wells beneath Lake Superior and it is very similar in its natural chemical characteristics to Lake Superior water. A continuous flow mini-diluter, an ABC solenoid-operated electronic diluter, or a single cell/glass column system was used as a test vessel. Prior to initiating a test, prospective test fish were ''pooled'' if reared in more than one tank. At the start of the test, individuals were removed from the ''common pool'' of fish with a net and distributed at random among the exposure chambers. The tests were intiated by adding 20, 10 or 5 fish per treatment and control for the mini, electronic, and single cell/glass column systems, respectively. Fish loading did not exceed 0.5 g/l/day in flow through systems. All experiments were performed in duplicates. All test exposure chambers were sampled at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr. It was analyzed immediately or adequately preserved for later analysis. The number of dead fish was noted after every 24 hr after the beginning of a test, at which time they were also removed. Observations of fish behavior and toxic signs were noted. Unique behavior was also recorded using a color video camera and 0.5 inch video tape recorder. The LC50 value with corresponding 95% C. I. were calculated using the corrected average of the analyzed tank concentrations and the Trimmed Spearman-Karber method. On the basis of the effect on mortality of the test fishes, the 96 hr LC50 value was determined to be 1.5 mg/l (95% C. I. = 1.39 to 1.62 mg/l). Thus, test chemical was considered as toxic to fishes. Since, the test chemical is readily biodegradable in water, chemical was considered as non-toxic to aquatic fishes and hence, considered to be ‘not classified’ as per CLP classification criteria.

 

Another short term toxicity to fish study was carried out (from authoritative databases, secondary sources and PPDB database). Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) of 1.2 gm was used as a test fishes. Study was performed under static conditions for a period of 96 hrs. On the basis of the effect on mortality of the test fishes, the 96 hr LC50 value was determined to be 3.0 mg/l (95% C. I. = 2.2 to 4.4 mg/l). Thus, test chemical was considered as toxic to fishes. Since, the test chemical is readily biodegradable in water, chemical was considered as non-toxic to aquatic fishes and hence, considered to be ‘not classified’ as per CLP classification criteria.

 

In a supporting study from authoritative databases and secondary sources, short term toxicity to fish study was carried out. Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) of 1.0 gm in weight was used as a test fishes. Study was performed under static conditions for a period of 96 hrs. On the basis of the effect on mortality of the test fishes, the 96 hr LC50 value was determined to be 2.1 mg/l (95% C. I. = 1.6 to 3.1 mg/l). Thus, test chemical was considered as toxic to fishes. Since, the test chemical is readily biodegradable in water, chemical was considered as non-toxic to aquatic fishes and hence, considered to be ‘not classified’ as per CLP classification criteria.

 

In a prediction done using the EPI Suite ECOSAR version 1.11, the short-term toxicity of the test chemical to aquatic fish was predicted. On the basis of effect of test chemical observed in a static system on the mortality of the test organism during the 96 hr exposure duration, the lethal effect concentration (LC50) for the test chemical was estimated to be 4.213 mg/l. Thus, based on the LC50 value, test chemical can be considered as toxic to aquatic fishes. Since, the test chemical is readily biodegradable in water, chemical was considered as non-toxic and hence, considered to be ‘not classified’ as per CLP classification criteria.

 

For the test chemical, short term toxicity to fish study was carried out. Study was performed as per the OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test). Oryzias latipes (Japanese rice fish (Medaka)) was used as a test fishes. Conc. of vehicle used in the test solution was 0.1 ml/l. Test fishes (10 fishes/conc.) were exposed to different test chemical conc. (i.e., 0 (control), 0 (vehicle control), 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6, 10 mg/L) for a period of 96 hrs under semi-static conditions. Total amount of the test solution was renewed every 24 hours. Aeration was not provided in the test vessel during the study. Test conditions involve a temperature of 24 ± 1°C under a photoperiod of 16 hours light / 8 hours dark in a room light. On the basis of the effect on mortality of the test fishes, the 96 hr LC50 value was determined to be 1.7 mg/l. Thus, test chemical was considered as toxic to fishes. Since, the test chemical is readily biodegradable in water, chemical was considered as non-toxic to aquatic fishes and hence, considered to be ‘not classified’ as per CLP classification criteria.

 

On the basis of the above results, it can be concluded that the test chemical can be considered as toxic to aquatic fishes. Since, the test chemical is readily biodegradable in water, chemical was considered as non-toxic and hence, considered to be ‘not classified’ as per CLP classification criteria