Alcohols, C12-14

Long-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

fish life cycle toxicity

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

QSAR prediction:US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: QSAR

Principles of method if other than guideline:

ECOSAR Program (v1.00)

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

not applicable to QSAR models

Analytical monitoring:

not required

Vehicle:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

other: Fish species

Details on test organisms:

no further information

Test type:

other: QSAR model

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

30 d

Hardness:

not applicable. QSAR model

Test temperature:

not applicable. QSAR model

pH:

not applicable. QSAR model

Dissolved oxygen:

not applicable. QSAR model

Salinity:

not applicable. QSAR model

Details on test conditions:

CAS Number:80206-82-2
SMILES : CCCCCCCCCCCCO
CHEM : Alcohols, C12-14
MOL FOR: C12 H26 O1
MOL WT : 186.34
Log Kow: 4.77 (KowWin estimate)
Wat Sol: 4 mg/L (experimental database)

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

30 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.066 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: (Q)SAR prediction

Remarks on result:

other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility, as determined by (Q)SAR

Duration:

30 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

16.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: (Q)SAR prediction

Remarks on result:

other: Predicted, at water solubility loading rates of 1000 mg/L

Details on results:

A NOEC value of 0.066 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the fish taxonomic group. This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility. This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and NOEC is >LoS.
A reliable NOEC value of 16.5 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance towards fish taxonomic group. Therefore the test substance has been predicted to be non toxic at the limit of solubility, so the NOEC is 0.066 mg/L. Predicted to be non-toxic at the limit of solubility.
The water solubility of the Alcohols, C12-14 is 4.0 mg/l at 1000 mg/L loading rate at 25 degC (experimental database). This is about 250 times the water solubility of the test substance.

Overview of QSARs estimations onlong-term aquatic toxicity of  Alcohols, C12-14 to fish

 

Method	Results	Remarks	Reference
QSAR estimate	Fish, 96-hr LC50 =0.525 mg/L (ppm) Fish, 96-hr (SW) LC50 =0.591mg/L (ppm) Fish 30-day ChV = 0.066 mg/L (ppm) Fish (SW) 30-day ChV = 0.376mg/L (ppm)	Reliable with restrictions, QSAR estimated data	ECOSAR Program (v1.00)

 

 Fish, 96-hr LC50 =0.525 mg/L (ppm)

Fish, 96-hr (SW) LC50 =0.591mg/L (ppm)

Fish 30-day ChV = 0.066 mg/L (ppm)

Fish (SW) 30-day ChV = 0.376 mg/L (ppm)

 

Fish 14-day LC50 = 0.555 mg/L (ppm)

 

 

 

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.

Conclusions:

A NOEC value of 0.066 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the fish taxonomic group. This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility. This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and NOEC is >LoS.
A reliable NOEC value of 16.5 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance towards fish taxonomic group. Therefore the test substance has been predicted to be non toxic at the limit of solubility, so the NOEC is 0.066 mg/L. Predicted to be non-toxic at the limit of solubility.

Executive summary:

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that the NOEC for freshwater fish would to be 0.066 mg/l .This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility.This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and NOEC is >LoS.

The water solubility of the Alcohols, C12-14 is 4.0 mg/l at 1000 mg/L loading rate at 25 degC (experimental database). This is about 250 times the water solubility of the test substance.

 

Reference 2

Endpoint:

fish life cycle toxicity

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

QSAR prediction: US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: QSAR

Principles of method if other than guideline:

ECOSAR Program (v1.00)

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

not applicable to QSAR models

Analytical monitoring:

not required

Vehicle:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

other: Fish species

Details on test organisms:

no further information

Test type:

other: QSAR model

Water media type:

saltwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

30 d

Hardness:

not applicable. QSAR model

Test temperature:

not applicable. QSAR model

pH:

not applicable. QSAR model

Dissolved oxygen:

not applicable. QSAR model

Salinity:

not applicable. QSAR model

Details on test conditions:

CAS Number:80206-82-2
SMILES : CCCCCCCCCCCCO
CHEM : Alcohols, C12-14
MOL FOR: C12 H26 O1
MOL WT : 186.34
Log Kow: 4.77 (KowWin estimate)
Wat Sol: 4 mg/L (experimental database)

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

30 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.376 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: (Q)SAR prediction

Remarks on result:

other: non-toxic at the limit of solubility, as determined by (Q)SAR

Duration:

30 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

94 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: (Q)SAR prediction

Remarks on result:

other: Predicted, at water solubility loading rates of 1000 mg/L

Details on results:

A NOEC value of 0.376 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the fish taxonomic group. This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility. This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and NOEC is >LoS.
A reliable NOEC value of 94 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance towards fish taxonomic group. Therefore the test substance has been predicted to be non toxic at the limit of solubility, so the NOEC is 0.376 mg/L. Predicted to be non-toxic at the limit of solubility.
The water solubility of the Alcohols, C12-14 is 4.0 mg/l at 1000 mg/L loading rate at 25 degC (experimental database). This is about 250 times the water solubility of the test substance.

Overview of QSARs estimations onlong-term aquatic toxicity of  Alcohols, C12-14 to fish

 

Method	Results	Remarks	Reference
QSAR estimate	Fish, 96-hr LC50 =0.525 mg/L (ppm) Fish, 96-hr (SW) LC50 =0.591mg/L (ppm) Fish 30-day ChV = 0.066 mg/L (ppm) Fish (SW) 30-day ChV = 0.376 mg/L (ppm)	Reliable with restrictions, QSAR estimated data	ECOSAR Program (v1.00)

 

 Fish, 96-hr LC50 =0.525 mg/L (ppm)

Fish, 96-hr (SW) LC50 =0.591mg/L (ppm)

Fish 30-day ChV = 0.066 mg/L (ppm)

Fish (SW) 30-day ChV = 0.376 mg/L (ppm)

 

Fish 14-day LC50 = 0.555 mg/L (ppm)

 

 

 

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

US EPA accepted QSAR method for chemicals properties assessment.

Conclusions:

A NOEC value of 0.376 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the fish taxonomic group. This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility. This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and NOEC is >LoS.
A reliable NOEC value of 94 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance towards fish taxonomic group. Therefore the test substance has been predicted to be non toxic at the limit of solubility, so the NOEC is 0.376 mg/L. Predicted to be non-toxic at the limit of solubility.

Executive summary:

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that the NOEC for marinewater fish would to be 0.376 mg/l .This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility.This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and NOEC is >LoS.

The water solubility of the Alcohols, C12-14 is 4.0 mg/l at 1000 mg/L loading rate at 25 degC (experimental database). This is about 94 times the water solubility of the test substance.

 

Reference 3

Endpoint:

fish early-life stage toxicity

Type of information:

other: published data

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OTS 797.1000 (Fish Early-life Stage Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

duration of test only 7 days, test solution volume reduced to 250 ml/replicate; number of replicate chambers per concentration increased to 4, number of larvae/chamber increased to 15, maximum number of larvae per concentration increased to 60.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: 11.9, 6.0 and 3.0 mg/L

- Sampling method: 3 grab samples were taken from initial test solution and 3 from the final test solution in the highest concentration and 0.75, 3.0 and 6.0 mg/L.

- Sample storage conditions before analysis: stored at 4 degC.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION

- Method: 7 L of the high test concentration were prepared using 100 ul of 1-octanol (11.9 mg). The solution was then mixed by shaking for 10 min.

Test organisms (species):

Pimephales promelas

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM

- Common name: fathead minnow

- Source: Fathead minnow culture unit at the EPA Newtown Facility.


METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF FERTILIZED EGGS
- Numbers of parental fish: the embryos were delivered to the testing facility on spawning tiles.

- Method of collection of fertilised eggs: tiles were transferred to hatching trays containing airstones.

- Subsequent handling of eggs: after 12 hrs the tiles and unhatched embryos were removed. Larvae hatched within this 12 hour period were pooled. This procedure was times so to obtain 1, 4 and 7 day larvae.


POST-HATCH FEEDING

- Start date: First day.

- Type/source of feed: concentrated brine shrimp nauplii.

- Amount given: 3 drops of shrimp once a day.

- Frequency of feeding: The larvae were fed once on the first day, twice daily on days 1 to 6 and not fed on the last day.

Test type:

flow-through

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

7 d

Hardness:

86-94 mg/L as CaCO3 at the beginning of the test

Test temperature:

25 ± 1 ºC

pH:

average: 7.5

Dissolved oxygen:

average: 6.0 mg/L (4.4 to 7.2 mg/L)

Salinity:

N.A.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 0.75, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 11.9 mg/L
Measured: The initial measured concentration of the highest concentration was 113% of the nominal value (13.4 mg/L). The final measured concentration of the high concentration (11.9 mg/L) was 1.3 mg/L at the end of the test. See table 1 for details.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM

- Test vessel: beakers

- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 600 ml borosilicate glass beakers filled with 250 ml test solution

- No. of fertilized eggs/embryos per vessel: 10 larvae per vessel

- No. of vessels per concentration: 4

- No. of vessels per control: 4

- Biomass loading rate:


TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS

- Source/preparation of dilution water: Prepared with reagent grade chemicals added to a carbon-filtered, deionised Cincinnati tap water that was treated in a Millipore Milli-Q system, aerated vigorously for approx. 24 hours before usage

- Alkalinity: 56 - 64 mg/L as CaCO3

- Intervals of water quality measurement: daily



EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: survival - daily; growth - end of test.


RANGE-FINDING STUDY

- Test concentrations: dilution factor of 0.5 in definitive study

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

1.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: survival

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

3 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: survival

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

1.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Duration:

7 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

6 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Details on results:

- Mortality of control: Three side by side exposures were conducted with 1-octanol; survival of 1-d control larvae in the first set was only 78%, which is less than the acceptable criteria of 80% or greater control survival. However, the 1-d larvae test was analysed by declaring one of the replicates an outlier because only 1 larvae of 10 survived, while survival was 100% in the other three control replicates.

See table 1 for details on results.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Dunett's test to analyse deviations from normality or homogeneity of variance; Boniferroni's test was used to analyse the control as a an outlier; Steel's many-one rank test was used if data has significant deviations from normality or homogeneity. The EPA fathead minnow program, v 1.2, was used to determine NOEC and LOEC on biomass and survival.

Table 1. Result of the three side-by-side tests using 1 d old larvae; (n=3 in control, n=4 in exposure vessels).

Test #	Survival (mg/L)		Growth (mg/L)
	NOEC	LOEC	NOEC	LOEC
1	6.0	11.9	3.0	6.0
2	1.5	3.0	1.5	ND
3	6.0	11.9	3.0	6.0

The lowest NOEC and LOEC are used to determine the toxicity of the test substance to fish larvae.

Table 2. Nominal and measured concentrations (average over 3 tests), analysed via GC-MS.

Nominal concentration (mg/L)	Measured concentration - initial (mg/L)	Measured concentration - final (mg/L)
0.0	-	-
0.75	-	0.0
1.5	-	-
3.0	-	0.0
6.0	-	0.075
11.9	11.4	1.3

The three grab samples of the initial nominal high test concentration of 11.9 mg/L were measured and the mean values was 96% of the nominal value, corresponding to 11.4 mg/L. Three grab samples taken of the final test solution at the highest concentration (11.9 mg/L) was 1.3 mg/L.

Measured concentrations of grab samples of final test concentration at 6.0 mg/L was 0.05 and 0.09 mg/L. 1 -Octanol was not detected at nominal concentrations of 3.0, 0.75 mg/L and in the control.

 

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

7 day NOEC values equivalent to 1.5 mg/L were determined for the effects of the test substance on survival and growth of the larvae of freshwater fish Pimephales promelas.

Executive summary:

A NOEC of between 0.75 and 3.0 mg/L has been determined for growth reduction in a 7-day test with larval Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). The result is expressed relative to nominal exposure concentrations and it is significant to note that measured concentrations declined by >90% over the period between media renewals (not specified in the source document). The true toxicity is therefore likely to have been greater than that expressed due to the observed loss of test substance concentration in the old media. The duration of this test is too short for it to be considered a true chronic study.

Description of key information

A NOEC value of 0.066 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the fish taxonomic group. This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility. This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and NOEC is >LoS.
A reliable NOEC value of 16.5 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance towards fish taxonomic group. Therefore the test substance has been predicted to be non toxic at the limit of solubility, so the NOEC is 0.066 mg/L. Predicted to be non-toxic at the limit of solubility.
A reliable NOEC value of 94 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance towards fish taxonomic group. Therefore the test substance has been predicted to be non toxic at the limit of solubility, so the NOEC is 0.376 mg/L. Predicted to be non-toxic at the limit of solubility.
The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that the NOEC for marinewater fish would to be 0.376 mg/l .This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility.This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and NOEC is >LoS.
The water solubility of the Alcohols, C12-14 is 4.0 mg/l   at 1000 mg/L loading rate at 25 degC (experimental database). This is about 250 times the water solubility of the test substance

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

16.5 mg/L

Marine water fish

Marine water fish

Effect concentration:

94 mg/L

Additional information

A NOEC value of 0.066 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance on the mortality of the fish taxonomic group. This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility. This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and NOEC is >LoS.

A reliable NOEC value of 16.5 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance towards fish taxonomic group. Therefore the test substance has been predicted to be non toxic at the limit of solubility, so the NOEC is 0.066 mg/L. Predicted to be non-toxic at the limit of solubility.

A reliable NOEC value of 94 mg/L has been calculated for the effects of the test substance towards fish taxonomic group. Therefore the test substance has been predicted to be non toxic at the limit of solubility, so the NOEC is 0.376 mg/L. Predicted to be non-toxic at the limit of solubility.

The ECOSAR QSAR model predicts that the NOEC for marinewater fish would to be 0.376 mg/l .This result signifies that the test substance is not expected to be toxic at the limit of solubility.This result is above the LoS (limit of solubility), therefore the substance is non-toxic at the limit of LoS and NOEC is >LoS.

The water solubility of the Alcohols, C12-14 is 4.0 mg/l at 1000 mg/L loading rate at 25 degC (experimental database). This is about 250 times the water solubility of the test substance.