Cyanamide

Explosiveness

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

explosive properties of explosives

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

2001-08-24 until 2001-08-29

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method A.14 (Explosive properties)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Key result

Parameter:

sensitiveness to impact: impact energy (J)

Remarks on result:

not sensitive to impact using an impact energy of 40 J

Key result

Parameter:

thermal sensitivity - Koenen test: diameter of the orifice plate

Remarks on result:

not thermal sensitive if heated under defined confinement

Mechanical shock sensitivity

None of the six single tests with an impact energy of 40 J showed any sparking or exploding. Therefore the series with an impact energy of 7.5 J was not necessary. No impact sensitivity of the test item was observed.

Thermal sensitivity

After 26 s- 28 s in all single tests the start of a weak reaction was observed manifested by the emission of testing substance. At the end of the reaction (of 46-58 s duration) a weak noise and some smoke were observed. No further observation was made until the bumers were turned off after 5 minutes. In the tests with the 2 mm orifice, the noise was stronger. After cooling down all the tubes were unchanged. No thermal sensitivity of test item induced by heating under defined confinement was observed.

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

Alzodef (equal to Cyanamid L500) has no explosive properties at all (no mechanical sensitivity and no thermal sensitivity) according to the definition in EEC Guideline A.14.

Executive summary:

The purpose of this study was the determination of the explosive properties of the test item ALZODEF ( a 51.1% aqueous solution of cyanamide). The test item was examined in two of the three possible explosive properties tests (mechanical shock sensitivity and thermal sensitivity) according to the EU Method A.14. It was found that the test item does not show explosive properties The test item has no explosive properties at all (no mechanical sensitivity and no thermal sensitivity) according to the indicated guideline. In compliance with these results, the auto-ignition test (performed in the same study) showed that the auto-ignition temperature of the test-item is > 600 °C.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

explosive properties of explosives

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

from 2009-09-03 to 2009-10-06

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method A.14 (Explosive properties)

Version / remarks:

92/69/EWG

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

no

Key result

Parameter:

sensitiveness to impact: impact energy (J)

Remarks on result:

not sensitive to impact using an impact energy of 40 J

Key result

Parameter:

sensitiveness to friction: friction load (N)

Remarks on result:

not sensitive to friction using a friction load of 360 N

Key result

Parameter:

thermal sensitivity - Koenen test: diameter of the orifice plate

Remarks on result:

not thermal sensitive if heated under defined confinement

Mechanical shock sensitivity

None of the six single tests using an impact energy of 40 J showed any sparking or exploding. Therefore the series using an impact energy of 7.5 J was not necessary. No impact sensitivity of the test item was observed.

Mechanical friction sensitivity

None of six single tests using a friction force of 360 N showed any visible or audible explosion or crackling or sparking. Therefore the series with a friction force of 120 N was not necessary. No friction sensitivity of the test item was observed.

Thermal sensitivity

Using the 6 mm orifice diameter after 32 s - 34 s the start of a reaction was observed in the single tests. A noisy ejection of the test substance was ascertained (about 4 s - 5 s) but a flame was not visible. About 2 mins later the steel tubes became red glowing in all cases. No further observation was made until the burners were turned off after 5 minutes. After cooling down all the tubes were unchanged. Using the 2 mm orifice after 31 s – 32 s the start of a reaction was observed in the single tests (noise ejection of the test substance in a time span of about 3 s). A flame was not visible. About 2 mins later the steel tubes became red glowing in all cases. No further observation was made until the burners were turned off after 5 minutes. After cooling down it could be ascertained, that the bottom of the tubes were bulged out. According to the assessment criteria no thermal sensitivity was detected.

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

The test item is not considered to have explosive properties.

Executive summary:

A study was conducted according to EEC-Directive 92/69/EWG Method A.14. The thermal sensitivity and the mechanical sensitivity to shock and friction was investigated. The sample was neither friction sensitive nor shock sensitive nor thermally sensitive according to the criteria of the test method A.14. Therefore, the item is not considered to have explosive properties.

Classification, Labelling, and Packaging Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008
Based on available data and taking into account the provisions laid down in Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP), as amended for the eighteenth time in Regulation (EU) 2022/692, the test item does not have to be classified with respect to explosiveness.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

explosive properties of explosives

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

2006-02-16

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: UN manual of Tests and Criteria-Methods for self-reactive substances: UN-Tests F.3, A.1

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

not specified

Key result

Test series:

other: UN-test A.1

Method:

other: BAM 50/60 steel tube test

Result:

negative, no propagation of detonation

Key result

Test series:

other: UN-Test F.3

Method:

other: BAM Trauzl test

Result:

negative, no explosion

UN-Test F.3: BAM Trauzl test

Test criteria and method assessing results:

The explosive power is expressed in the form of the increase in volume of the cavity in the lead block per 10 g of substance. At a given strength of initiation, the explosive power increases with the volume of expansion.

The test criteria are as follows:

- “Not low”: The expansion of the lead block is 25 cm³ or more per 10 g of sample

- “Low”: The expansion of the lead block is less than 25 cm³ but more than or equal to 10 cm³

- “No”: The expansion of the lead block is less than 10 cm³ per 10 g of sample

 

Result: According to the stated result of the test, Cyanamide F1000 has no explosive power. By means of the test, the expansion of the lead block is less than 10 cm³ per 10 g of sample.

 

UN-test A.1: BAM 50/60 steel tube test

The test results are assessed on the basis of:

1. The type of fragmentation of the tube

2. The completeness of the reaction of the substance; and

3. If the occasion arises, the measured rate of propagation in the substance.

The test criteria are as follows:

“Yes”:

- The tube is fragmented completely; or

- The tube is fragmented at both ends, or

- A velocity measurement shows that the rate of propagation in non-fragmented part of the tube is constant and above the velocity of sound in the substance

“Partial”:

- The tube is fragmented only at the initiator end and the average tube fragmentation length (average over two tests) is greater than 1.5 times the average fragmentation length found with an inert material having the same physical state; and

- A significant portion of unreacted substance remains or a velocity measurement shows that the rate of propagation in the non-fragmented part of the tube is lower than the velocity of sound in the substance.

“No”:

- The tube is fragmented only at the initiator end and the average fragmentation length (average of two tests) not more than 1.5 times the average fragmentation length found with an inert material having the same physical state; and

- A significant portion of unreacted substance remains or a velocity measurement shows that the rate of propagation in the non-fragmented part of the tube is lower than the velocity of sound in the substance.

 

Result: “No” , meaning no propagation of a detonative reaction.

Other results that were presented in the BAM expert´s opinion were in compliance with above result: Cyanamide F1000 is not a self-reactive substance and it showed no deflagration.

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

Cyanamide F 1000 has no explosive power according to the results of the UN-Test F.3 (BAM Trauzl test) and additionally according to the results of the UN-Test A.1 (BAM 50/60 steel tube test).

Executive summary:

The UN-Test F.3 also known as BAM Trauzl test is one of five tests which are included in Test Series F (determination of the explosive power) of self-reactive substances of division 4.1 and organic peroxides of division 5.2 of the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, performed by the Sicherheitstechnisches Prüfzentrum Hanau of Degussa. The test is used to measure the explosive power of a substance. Initiation of the substance is achieved by a Eurpean standard detonator with 0.6 g of PETN. The detonator is initiated in the substance while the substance is confined in a hole in a lead block. The explosive power is expressed in the form of the increase in the volume of the cavity in the lead block per 10 g of substance.

Another test, the UN-Test A.1: BAM 50/60 steel tube test examined the explosiveness characteristics of Cyanamide F 1000. This test is used to measure the ability of a substance to propagate a detonation by subjecting it to a detonating booster charge under confinement in a steel tube.

According to the stated result of the UN-Test F.3 (BAM Trauzl test), Cyanamide F 1000 has no explosive power. By means of the test, the expansion of the lead block is less than 10 cm³ per 10 g of sample. In addition, according to the stated result of the UN-Test A.1 (BAM 50/60 steel tube test) Cyanamide F 1000 showed no propagation of a detonative reaction.

Description of key information

A sample of Cyanamid F1000 was neither shock sensitive nor friction sensitive nor thermally sensitive according to the criteria of EEC test method A.14, the sample has not to be considered to present a danger of explosion.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Explosiveness:

non explosive

Additional information

Key study:

A study was conducted according to EEC-Directive 92/69/EWG Method A.14. The thermal sensitivity and the mechanical sensitivity to shock and friction was investigated. The sample was neither friction sensitive nor shock sensitive nor thermally sensitive according to the criteria of the test method A.14. Therefore, the item is not considered to have explosive properties.

 

Supporting information:

The UN-Test F.3 also known as BAM Trauzl test is one of five tests which are included in Test Series F (determination of the explosive power) of self-reactive substances of division 4.1 and organic peroxides of division 5.2 of the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, performed by the Sicherheitstechnisches Prüfzentrum Hanau of Degussa. The test is used to measure the explosive power of a substance. Intiation of the substance is achieved by a Eurpean standard detonator with 0.6 g of PETN. The detonator is initiated in the substance while the substance is confined in a hole in a lead block. The explosive power is expressed in the form of the increase in the volume of the cavity in the lead block per 10 g of substance. Another test, the UN-Test A.1: BAM 50/60 steel tube test examined the explosive characteristics of Cyanamid F1000. This test is used to measure the ability of a substance to propagate a detonation by subjecting it to a detonating booster charge under confinement in a steel tube. According to the stated result of the UN-Test F.3 (BAM Trauzl test), Cyanamid F1000 has no explosive power. By means of the test, the expansion of the lead block is less than 10 cm³ per 10 g of sample. A supporting study performed with Cyanamid L500 (51.1% aqueous solution) can support the findings obtained with Cyanamid F1000. The study showed no explosive properties following a mechanical sensitivity test and a thermal sensitivity test. In addition, according to the stated result of the UN-Test A.1 (BAM 50/60 steel tube test) Cyanamid F1000 showed no propagation of a detonative reaction. The conclusion is supported by the evaluation and statement of the BAM experts opinion based on results of these same tests among others (UN tests: C.1,2 and E.1,2,3) that Cyanamid F1000 is not a self-reactive substance of class 4.1 of the dangerous goods regulations (and under the GHS/CLP regulations section 2.8.4).

Justification for classification or non-classification

Classification, Labelling, and Packaging Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008
Based on available data and taking into account the provisions laid down in Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP), , as amended for the eighteenth time in Regulation (EU) 2022/692, the test item does not have to be classified with respect to explosiveness.