Sodium bromate

Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other

Administrative data

Endpoint:

direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other

Type of information:

other: review

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

review article or handbook

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2001

Materials and methods

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Some investigations were performed with and some case reports refer to potassium bromate. A read across to sodium bromate is justified as both substances dissociated in water.

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Sodium bromate

EC Number:

232-160-4

EC Name:

Sodium bromate

Cas Number:

7789-38-0

Molecular formula:

BrHO3.Na

IUPAC Name:

sodium bromate

Details on test material:

Some investigations were performed with and some case reports refer to potassium bromate. A read across to sodium bromate is justified as both substances dissociated in water.

Results and discussion

Clinical signs:

Several cases of acute bromate intoxication have been reported in humans following accidental or suicidal ingestion of permanent hair wave neutralizing solution. These products usually contain either 2% potassium bromate or 10% sodium bromate. The most common acute signs are severe gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, pain, and diarrhea) and CNS depression (lethargy, hypotension, hypotonicity, and loss of reflexes). Anemia from intravascular hemolysis may also occur. These effects are usually reversible. Later sequelae (usually within several days) include marked renal injury and hearing loss. Death from renal failure may ensue if medical intervention is not successful. If support is successful, renal function generally returns after 5–10 days. Hearing loss is usually irreversible. Estimated doses in these cases ranged from about 20 to 1000 mg BrO3-/kg.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Several cases of acute bromate intoxication have been reported in humans following accidental or suicidal ingestion of permanent hair wave neutralizing solution. These products usually contain either 2% potassium bromate or 10% sodium bromate. The most common acute signs are severe gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, pain, and diarrhea) and CNS depression (lethargy, hypotension, hypotonicity, and loss of reflexes). Anemia from intravascular hemolysis may also occur. These effects are usually reversible. Later sequelae (usually within several days) include marked renal injury and hearing loss. Death from renal failure may ensue if medical intervention is not successful. If support is successful, renal function generally returns after 5–10 days. Hearing loss is usually irreversible. Estimated doses in these cases ranged from about 20 to 1000 mg BrO3-/kg.
No epidemiological studies were located on noncarcinogenic or carcinogenic effects of bromate exposure in humans. No data were located on the effects of inhalation exposure in humans.

Executive summary:

Several cases of acute bromate intoxication have been reported in humans following accidental or suicidal ingestion of permanent hair wave neutralizing solution. These products usually contain either 2% potassium bromate or 10% sodium bromate. The most common acute signs are severe gastrointestinal irritation (vomiting, pain, and diarrhea) and CNS depression (lethargy, hypotension, hypotonicity, and loss of reflexes). Anemia from intravascular hemolysis may also occur. These effects are usually reversible. Later sequelae (usually within several days) include marked renal injury and hearing loss. Death from renal failure may ensue if medical intervention is not successful. If support is successful, renal function generally returns after 5–10 days. Hearing loss is usually irreversible. Estimated doses in these cases ranged from about 20 to 1000 mg BrO3-/kg.

No epidemiological studies were located on noncarcinogenic or carcinogenic effects of bromate exposure in humans. No data were located on the effects of inhalation exposure in humans.