Phenethyl propionate

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Justification for type of information:

Data is from peer reviewed journal

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: refer below principle

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Naturally occurring compounds including target chemical 2-phenylethyl propanoate have been tested for molluscicidal activity against the fresh water snail, Biomphalaria alexandrina.The recommended World Health Organization bioassay procedure (WHO, 1965), was used for the evaluation of 2-phenylethyl propanoate on B. alexandrina.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (IUPAC name): 2-phenylethyl propanoate
- Common name: Phenethyl propionate (PEP)
- Molecular formula: C11H14O2
- Molecular weight: 178.2296 g/mol
- Smiles notation: c1(CCOC(=O)CC)ccccc1
- InChl: 1S/C11H14O2/c1-2-11(12)13-9-8-10-6-4-3-5-7-10/h3-7H,2,8-9H2,1H3
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Liquid

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Details on sampling:

Stock solutions of the tested chemicals were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to enhance the solubility.

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant):Sulfinyl bis(methane) (DMSO)
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution(s) or suspension(s) including control(s)):never exceeded 0.5% (v/v), and an equal amount was added to the control.

Test organisms (species):

other aquatic mollusc: Biomphalaria alexandrina

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name:Snail
- Source:Fresh water ponds at Kafr El-Dwar, Behera Governorate, Egypt
- Age of parental stock (mean and range, SD): 8 MM DIAMETER Adult(s)
- Food type: bran bait
- Amount:ad libitum


ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 3 weeks

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Total exposure duration:

72 h

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 150 ml glass beakers
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: Each chemical was mixed with Tween 20, to ensure complete solubility of the chemical in water. The mixture was added to the glass beaker filled up to 100 ml of the dechlorinated water to give the desired concentration (w/v) up to 400 μg/ml for chemical
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter):
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate):
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates):4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates):
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates):
- Biomass loading rate:

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water:
- Total organic carbon:
- Particulate matter:
- Metals:
- Pesticides:
- Chlorine:
- Alkalinity:
- Ca/mg ratio:
- Conductivity:
- Salinity:
- Culture medium different from test medium:
- Intervals of water quality measurement:

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH:
- Photoperiod:
- Light intensity:

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :

VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: yes/no

RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations:
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study:

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

296.27 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: LC50=279.45 to 314.10 mg/L

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Percentage mortality was corrected using Abbott's formula (Abbott, 1925). Toxicity parameters for each treatment were computed according to the probit-analysis method by Finney (1971).

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The lethal concentration (LC50) value of phenethyl propionate in aquatic invertebrate [Biomphalaria alexandrina ] in a 72 hr study on the basis of mortality effect was found to be 296.27 mg/L.

Executive summary:

In peer reviewed journalPakistan J. Zool., vol. 39(5), pp. 339-344, 2007 the naturally occurring compounds including target chemical 2-phenylethyl propanoate have been tested for molluscicidal activity against the fresh water snail, Biomphalaria alexandrina.The recommended World Health Organization bioassay procedure (WHO, 1965), was used for the evaluation of 2-phenylethyl propanoate on B. alexandrina.

For experimentBiomphalaria alexandrina species8mm ± 2mm diameter were collected from fresh water ponds at Kafr El-Dwar, Behera Governorate, Egypt and were maintained in glass aquaria oxygenated for one hour daily, one week before testing. The tests were performed in 150 ml glass beakers with ten adult healthy snails per assay. Each chemical was mixed with Tween 20, to ensure complete solubility of the chemical in water. The mixture was added to the glass beaker filled up to 100 ml of the dechlorinated water to give the desired concentration (w/v) up to 400 μg/ml for chemical.

The snails were exposed for 24 h to different concentrations of compounds or their mixture with PB and then transferred to dechlorinated water for another 48 h. Percentage kill were recorded after 72 h.

Percentage mortality was corrected using Abbott's formula (Abbott, 1925). Toxicity parameters for each treatment were computed according to the probit-analysis method by Finney (1971).

According to experimental result the lethal concentration (LC50) value of phenethyl propionate in aquatic invertebrate [Biomphalaria alexandrina ] in a 72 hr study on the basis of mortality effect was found to be 296.27 mg/L.

Description of key information

In peer reviewed journal Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 39(5), pp. 339-344, 2007, the naturally occurring compounds including target chemical 2-phenylethyl propanoate have been tested for molluscicidal activity against the fresh water snail, Biomphalaria alexandrina.The recommended World Health Organization bioassay procedure (WHO, 1965), was used for the evaluation of 2-phenylethyl propanoate on B. alexandrina.

For experimentBiomphalaria alexandrina species8mm ± 2mm diameter were collected from fresh water ponds at Kafr El-Dwar, Behera Governorate, Egypt and were maintained in glass aquaria oxygenated for one hour daily, one week before testing. The tests were performed in 150 ml glass beakers with ten adult healthy snails per assay. Each chemical was mixed with Tween 20, to ensure complete solubility of the chemical in water. The mixture was added to the glass beaker filled up to 100 ml of the dechlorinated water to give the desired concentration (w/v) up to 400 μg/ml for chemical.

The snails were exposed for 24 h to different concentrations of compounds or their mixture with PB and then transferred to dechlorinated water for another 48 h. Percentage kill were recorded after 72 h.

Percentage mortality was corrected using Abbott's formula (Abbott, 1925). Toxicity parameters for each treatment were computed according to the probit-analysis method by Finney (1971).

According to experimental result the lethal concentration (LC50) value of phenethyl propionate in aquatic invertebrate [Biomphalaria alexandrina ] in a 72 hr study on the basis of mortality effect was found to be 296.27 mg/L.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

296.27 mg/L

Additional information

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates for 2-phenylethyl propanoate (Cas no. 122-70-3) was summaries with peer reviewed experimental study and predicted data with one read across substance are summaries as follows:

First study from peer reviewed journal Pakistan journal of zoology .39(5): 339-344 for target suggest the naturally occurring compounds including target chemical 2-phenylethyl propanoate have been tested for molluscicidal activity against the fresh water snail, Biomphalaria alexandrina.The recommended World Health Organization bioassay procedure (WHO, 1965), was used for the evaluation of 2-phenylethyl propanoate on B. alexandrina. For experiment Biomphalaria alexandrina species8mm ± 2mm diameter were collected from fresh water ponds at Kafr El-Dwar, Behera Governorate, Egypt and were maintained in glass aquaria oxygenated for one hour daily, one week before testing. The tests were performed in 150 ml glass beakers with ten adult healthy snails per assay. Each chemical was mixed with Tween 20, to ensure complete solubility of the chemical in water. The mixture was added to the glass beaker filled up to 100 ml of the dechlorinated water to give the desired concentration (w/v) up to 400 μg/ml for chemical. The snails were exposed for 24 h to different concentrations of compounds or their mixture with PB and then transferred to dechlorinated water for another 48 h. Percentage kill were recorded after 72 h. Percentage mortality was corrected using Abbott's formula (Abbott, 1925). Toxicity parameters for each treatment were computed according to the probit-analysis method by Finney (1971). According to experimental result the lethal concentration (LC50) value of phenethyl propionate in aquatic invertebrate [Biomphalaria alexandrina ] in a 72 hr study on the basis of mortality effect was found to be 296.27 mg/L.

Above experimental result assist by prediction using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the five closest read across substances. By OECD QSAR tool the short term toxicity on aquatic invertebrates was predicted for 2-phenylethyl propanoate (Cas no. 122-70-3) and EC50 value was estimated to be 112.66 mg/l for Daphnia magna for 48 hrs duration.

Both results for target assist by experimental study of read across Benzyl butyrate (Cas no. 103-37-7) (Abitec laboratory result, 2016) which indicate Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was performed in Daphnia magna following the OECD guideline 202. The test was performed for 48 hrs at different concentrations as control,0,2.5,5.0,10.0,20.0,40.0 mg/l at 95 % confidence limit of 14.7 -18.7mg/l.Reference substance used was K2Cr207. 5 daphnids after breeding were used in 4 numbers of replicates of chemical.The test was performed in temperature 20°C±1°C with taking 25ml per replicate in 50ml glass vessel for 48 hrs. Calulations of EC50 was calculated using nonlinear regression by the software Prism4.0 (GraphPadSoftware,Inc.,SanDiegoCA). After experiment the EC50 value for short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates using OECD guideline 202 was determined to be 16.6 mg/l. Based on the value the benzyl butyrate was toxic to aquatic invertebrates but as the chemical was readily biodegradable, so it can be considered that benzyl butyrate was not hazardous to aquatic invertebrates and can be considered not classified as per the CLP regulations.

Based on the target and read across chemical studies, it was considered that 2-phenylethyl propanoate (Cas no. 122-70-3) was not hazardous to aquatic invertebrates and can be considered to be not classified as chemical not exceed the aquatic classification criteria of CLP regulation.