Chromium

Sensitisation data (human)

Administrative data

Endpoint:

sensitisation data (humans)

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

3 (not reliable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: The identity of the tested chromium substance remains unclear

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

The identification of contact allergens by human assay. 3. The maximization test: a procedure for screening and rating contact sensitizers.

Author:

Kligman, A. M.

Year:

1966

Bibliographic source:

J Invest Dermatol.47(5): 393-409.

Materials and methods

Type of sensitisation studied:

skin

Study type:

study with volunteers

Test guideline

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The human maximisation test method was used for testing.
Induction test: The forearm or the lower leg skin was pretreated with 5% aqueous sodium lauryl sulphate in an occlusive patch for 24 hours, after which an occlusive patch with 3 % of test substance in petrolatum was applied for 48 hours at exactly the same site. This sequence of altering 24 h irritant (sodium lauryl sulphate) and 48 h test substance was repeated 5 times.
Challenge test: Pretreatment with 10% sodium lauryl sulphate epicutaneously for 48 h was followed by 0.5% test substance in petrolatum for 48 h.
A control patch with petrolatum was used for the same time intervals.
The results were presented as grades 1-5.

GLP compliance:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Chromium trioxide

EC Number:

215-607-8

EC Name:

Chromium trioxide

IUPAC Name:

chromium trioxide

Details on test material:

The paper does not clearly indicate whether the substance tested was truly chromium trioxide (a hexavalent chromium compound) or trivalent oxide (dichromium trioxide).

Method

Type of population:

general

Controls:

No data on control persons.

Route of administration:

dermal

Results and discussion

Results of examinations:

"Chromium trioxide" was reported to be a moderate (Grade 3) sensitizer. 13 of 23 humans were sensised.

Any other information on results incl. tables

The author underlined that his study findings demonstrated that chromium(III) salts (named in the context chromium trioxide and chromium sulphate) were not only elicitiors but moderate (grade 3) sensitisers in the human maximisation test. However it remains unclear wether the test substance was truly chromium trioxide CrO₃ (chromic acid which contains hexavalent chromium) or trivalent chromium trioxide Cr₂O₃.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

"Chromium trioxide" was reported to be a moderate (Grade 3) sensitizer. 13 of 23 humans were sensised. The author underlined that his study findings demonstrated that chromium(III) salts (named in the context chromium trioxide and chriomium sulphate) were not only elicitiors but moderate (grade III) sensitisers in the human maximisation test. However it remains unclear wether the test substance was chromium trioxide (chromic acid which contains hexavalent chromium) or trivalent chromium trioxide.