Ammonium bromide

Long-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1979

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method: other: method in agreement with "concepts of the Dutch Standardisation Institute"

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Poecilia reticulata

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

180 - 225 mg/L

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

10 - 100 mg/L

Test result is equivalent to: NOEC = 7.76 mg(Br-)/L for the bromide ion

Reference 2

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to fish, other

Remarks:

reproduction test

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1983

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Dutch Standardisation Organisation (1980; NEN 6501, 6502, 6504 & 6506)

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Analytical monitoring:

no

Details on sampling:

not stated

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

Criteria Details
Source Distilled water containing additional salts
Salinity Levels of dissolved ions (ppm by weight):
Calcium 5.9
Magnesium 1.5
Sodium 11.3
Bicarbonate 20.0
Chloride 12.1
Sulfate 11.2
Nitrate 0.7
Details are from Alabaster et al. (1965) as referenced in Canton J.H. et al. (1976) and Canton J.H. et al. (1983).
Hardness 20 ppm as CaCO3
pH Not stated
Oxygen content Not stated
Conductance <10 mhos/cm3
Holding water different from dilution water Not stated

Test organisms (species):

Poecilia reticulata

Details on test organisms:

Species/strain Poecilia reticulata
Source Standardised laboratory cultures
Wild caught No
Age/size 8-9 months

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

124 d

Post exposure observation period:

no further details

Hardness:

no details

Test temperature:

23 degree C

pH:

not stated

Dissolved oxygen:

not stated

Salinity:

not stated

Nominal and measured concentrations:

0, 7.8, 78, 390, 780, 3900 and 7800 mg Br-/L

Details on test conditions:

Photoperiod
14 h photoperiod daily
Test temperature
23 ± 2 °C

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

124 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Duration:

124 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Details on results:

For the top three dose groups, during the first 5 weeks of exposure, a few cases of prematures were born and the newborn fish were immobile or
dead. After this period no reproduction occurred at all and, as the animals deteriorated, all fish in these groups were killed after about 10 weeks of
exposure. In the 390 mg/L dose group the birth of prematures was noted in two cases. In lower doses only the number of newborn fish was reduced.
In the histopathological evaluations, fish showed three major lesions, namely thyroid hyperplasia, myopathy and regressive changes in the female
reproductive tract. Thyroid hyperplasia was noted in the groups exposed to 78 mg Br-/L and above. Myopathy was noted with high incidence in the
two highest dose groups and present in a few cases at 78 to 780 mg Br-/L.
In the groups exposed to 390, 780, 3900 or 7800 mg Br-/L a marked reduction in the number of foetuses was noted, along with regressive or degenerative changes of the reproductive tract, such as ovarian atrophy, cystic follicles and the occasional resorptions of an advanced stage foetus. No treatment-related changes were observed in the male reproductive organs.
NOECs:
Mortality: ≥ 7800 mg Br-/L
Mortality and behaviour: 78 mg Br-/L
Reproduction: 7.8 mg Br-/L

Results with reference substance (positive control):

no further details

Reported statistics and error estimates:

not stated

Test result is equivalent to: NOEC = 7.76 mg(Br-)/L for the bromide ion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

no

Conclusions:

Male and female Poecilia reticulata were exposed to sodium bromide (concentration ranging from 7.8 to 7800 mg Br-/L) in test waters for 124 days in a semi-static toxicity to reproduction test. Observations of mortality, abnormal behaviour and reproductive effects along with histopathological studies were used to determine the NOEC value.
Individual mortality and sublethal effects data were not given. Histopathological changes were noted at concentrations of 78 mg Br-/L and above. The NOEC was found to be 7.8 mg Br-/L (10.0 mg/L NaBr)

Reference 3

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1983

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method: other: Dutch Standardisation Organisation (1980; NEN 6501, 6502, 6504 & 6506)

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Analytical monitoring:

no

Test organisms (species):

Oryzias latipes

Duration:

34 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

320 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Duration:

34 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Test result is equivalent to: NOEC = 248 mg(Br-)/L for the bromide ion

Reference 4

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method: other: Dutch Standardisation Organisation (1980; NEN 6501, 6502, 6504 & 6506)

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Analytical monitoring:

no

Test organisms (species):

Poecilia reticulata

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.032 g/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Duration:

28 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

0.1 g/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

The 28 day NOEC was found to be 0.025 g Br-/L (0.032 g/L NaBr) based on mortality and behaviour. The NOEC based on mortality was 2.5 g Br-/L (3.2 g/L NaBr) and the NOEC based on growth was 0.25 g Br-/L (0.32 g/L NaBr).

Reference 5

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1983

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Analytical monitoring:

no

Test organisms (species):

Oryzias latipes

Test type:

semi-static

Duration:

40 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

320 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Duration:

40 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Test result is equivalent to: NOEC = 248 mg(Br-)/L for the bromide ion

Reference 6

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1994

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Poecilia reticulata

Duration:

31 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

7.76 mg/L

Conc. based on:

other: bromide ions

Basis for effect:

other: histopathology

NOEC (general toxicity) = 32 mg/L (equivalent to 24.8 mg(Br-)/L) NOEC (histopathology) = 10 mg/L (equivalent to 7.76 mg(Br-)/L)

Reference 7

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1994

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Oryzias latipes

Duration:

31 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

< 140 mg/L

Conc. based on:

other: Bromide ions

Basis for effect:

other: Histopathology

Duration:

93 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

< 140 mg/L

Conc. based on:

other: Bromide ions

Basis for effect:

other: Histopathology

NOEC (general toxicity) = 320 mg/L (equivalent to 248 mg(Br-)/L) NOEC (histopathology) <180 mg/L (equivalent to <140 mg(Br-)/L)

Reference 8

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1991

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method: other

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Poecilia reticulata

Duration:

31 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

7.76 mg/L

Conc. based on:

other: Bromide ions

Basis for effect:

other: Histopathology

Duration:

93 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

24.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Bromide ions

Basis for effect:

other: Histopathology and general toxicity

NOEC (general toxicity) = 32 mg/L (equivalent to 24.8 mg(Br-)/L) NOEC (histopathology) = 10 mg/L (equivalent to 7.76 mg(Br-)/L)  93 days:NOEC (general toxicity) = 32 mg/L (equivalent to 24.8 mg(Br-)/L) NOEC (histopathology) = 32 mg/L (equivalent to 24.8 mg(Br-)/L)

Reference 9

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1991

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method: other

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Test organisms (species):

Oryzias latipes

Duration:

31 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

< 140 mg/L

Conc. based on:

other: Bromide ions

Basis for effect:

other: Histopathology

Duration:

93 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

248 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

other: Bromide ions

Basis for effect:

other: Histopathology and general toxicity

31 days:NOEC (general toxicity) = 320 mg/L (equivalent to 248 mg(Br-)/L) NOEC (histopathology) <180 mg/L (equivalent to <140 mg(Br-)/L)93 days:  93 days:NOEC (general toxicity) = 320 mg/L (equivalent to 248 mg(Br-)/L) NOEC (histopathology) = 320 mg/L (equivalent to 248 mg(Br-)/L)

Reference 10

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1988

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Analytical monitoring:

no

Test organisms (species):

Poecilia reticulata

Duration:

3 mo

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Duration:

3 mo

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

32 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Details on results:

Test result is equivalent to: NOEC = 7.76 mg(Br-)/L for the bromide ion

Reference 11

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1988

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Test organisms (species):

Oryzias latipes

Duration:

3 mo

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

< 180 mg/L

Duration:

3 mo

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

<= 180 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Description of key information

Male and female Poecilia reticulata were exposed to sodium bromide in a semi-static toxicity to reproduction test. Observations of mortality, abnormal behaviour and reproductive effects along with histopathological studies were used to determine the NOEC value. Histopathological changes were noted at concentrations of 78 mg Br-/L and above. The lowest NOEC for the sodium bromide for reproductive effects in fish is 10 mg/L

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect concentration:

10 mg/L

Additional information

Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Male and female Poecilia reticulata were exposed to sodium bromide in a semi-static toxicity to reproduction test. Observations of mortality, abnormal behaviour and reproductive effects along with histopathological studies were used to determine the NOEC value. Histopathological changes were noted at concentrations of 78 mg Br-/L and above. The lowest NOEC for the sodium bromide for reproductive effects in fish is 10 mg/L from the study by Canton et al., 1983. An additional study (Wester P.W.et al., 1988;) also found the NOEC based on histopathological changes to be 10 mg/L but the study did not evaluate the reproductive effects of the test substance. Organs affected included the thyroid, gonads, skeletal muscle and mesenteric arteries.