Ammonium bromide

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1983

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Guideline:

other: Dutch Standardisation Organisation (1980; NEN 6501, 6502, 6504 & 6506)

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Analytical monitoring:

no

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Duration:

23 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

20.1 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Duration:

23 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

23 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

29.6 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Test result is equivalent to: NOEC = 7.76 mg(Br-)/L for the bromide ion

Reference 2

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1988

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Dutch Standard Organisation 1980, NEN 6502 publication

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Analytical monitoring:

no

Details on sampling:

no further details

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

Criteria Details
Source Dutch Standard Water

Hardness 1 to 2 mmol/L

Ca / Mg ratio 2.1:1
Na / K ratio 6:1
Oxygen content Not stated
Conductance Not stated
TOC Not stated
Holding water different from dilution water Not stated

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

Criteria Details
Strain / Clone Daphnia magna
Source Reared at the performing laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, University of Utrect.
Age <24 hours
Breeding method Not stated
Kind of food Green algae (Chlorella pyrenoïdosa)
Amount of food Not stated
Feeding frequency Daily (except Saturdays and Sundays – daphnia were given triple doses of algae on Fridays)
Pretreatment None stated
Feeding of animals during test Yes, as above

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

16 d

Post exposure observation period:

no further details

Hardness:

1 to 2 mmol/L

Test temperature:

19 ± 1 °C

pH:

not stated

Dissolved oxygen:

not stated

Salinity:

not stated

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Specific dose not stated. Concentrations used varied by a factor of 1.8. Stated and implied concentrations used include: 2.8, 5.0, 9.0, 16.2, 29.2 and 52.6 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

Criteria Details
Test temperature 19 ± 1 °C
Dissolved oxygen Not stated
pH Not stated
Adjustment of pH Not stated
Aeration of dilution water Not stated
Quality/Intensity of irradiation Not stated
Photoperiod 12 h photoperiod daily

Duration:

16 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Duration:

16 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

2.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

other: growth effects

Duration:

16 d

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

43 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Details on results:

no further details

Results with reference substance (positive control):

no further details

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Student’s t-test was used to derive the NOEC. The EC10 was determined by minimum logit-χ2 analysis.

Test result is equivalent to: NOEC = 2.17 mg(Br-)/L for the bromide ion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

no

Conclusions:

Daphnia magna were exposed to sodium bromide (concentration range not specified) in test waters for 16 days in a semi-static toxicity test. Observations of growth changes were used to determine the LOEC and NOEC values.
Individual sub lethal effects and mortality data were not given. The 16 day NOEC was found to be 2.8 mg/L NaBr based on the observation criteria of growth effects.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1986

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method: other: method originally proposed by Dr. R. Cabridenc in 1985.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Duration:

23 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

117 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Test result is equivalent to: NOEC = 90.8 mg(Br-)/L for the bromide ion

Reference 4

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1994

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

19 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

7.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

other: offspring viability

Test result is equivalent to: NOEC = 5.82 mg(Br-)/L for the bromide ion

Reference 5

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1999

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: OECD (March 1995) Test Guideline Program: Draft Report of the Final Ring Test of the Daphnia magna Reproduction Test

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Analytical monitoring:

no

Details on sampling:

Not stated

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

ASTM hard water with an organic additive

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

Strain / Clone Daphnia magna Clone A, (Baird et al., Hydrobiology, 1989, 188/189, 403-406)
Age <24 h
Kind of food Chlorella vulgaris
Amount of food 0.322 mg carbon/day
Feeding frequency Daily

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

21 d

Post exposure observation period:

not stated

Hardness:

not stated

Test temperature:

20 ± 1 °C

pH:

Variation between medium renewals was always less than 1 pH unit

Dissolved oxygen:

> 6.5 mg/L in all test vessels

Salinity:

not stated

Nominal and measured concentrations:

3, 7.5, 19, 47 and 117 mg/L. nominal

Details on test conditions:

Criteria Details
Test temperature 20 ± 1 °C
Dissolved oxygen > 6.5 mg/L in all test vessels
pH Variation between medium renewals was always less than 1 pH unit
Adjustment of pH No
Aeration of dilution water No
Quality/Intensity of irradiation Not stated
Photoperiod 16 h light: 8 hrs dark

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

19 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

7.5 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

20.8 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Details on results:

no further details

Results with reference substance (positive control):

no further details

Reported statistics and error estimates:

NOEC and LOEC values were obtained using an ANOVA model. For estimation of the concentrations that produced 10, 20 and 50 % reductions in reproduction (EC10, EC20 and EC50) a parameterised logistic model was used:

Where Y is the total offspring after exposure to a toxic concentration X for a given period (10 or 21 days), a represents the constant of integration, b is the rate constant (negative), and K is the expected number of viable offspring in the control (X=0).
This transforms into the resulting model for a r% reduction in reproduction:

Test result is equivalent to: NOEC = 5.82 mg(Br-)/L for the bromide ion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

Procedure followed OECD (March 1995) Test Guideline Program: Draft Report of the Final Ring Test of the Daphnia magna Reproduction Test. The concentrations of sodium bromide used were 3, 7.5, 19, 47 and 117 mg/L.
Sodium bromide significantly affected Daphnia magna reproduction both at the release of the first brood and at the end of the test. NOEC and LOEC values determined in both periods were identical (NOEC = 7.5 mg/L, LOEC = 19 mg/L). Growth was not affected by sodium bromide either after release of the first brood or after 21 days of exposure.
EC50 (reproduction) = 20.8 mg/L

Reference 6

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1989

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method: other: Provisional Procedure: extended toxicology test with Daphnia magna (determination of NOEC) for reproduction rate, mortality and the time of first appearance of offspring; 21 d)

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

91 mg/L

Conc. based on:

other: Bromide ions

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Results are given as mg(Br-)/L

Reference 7

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1999

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Guideline:

other: data published by a different author

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

117 mg/L

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Test result is equivalent to: NOEC = 90.8 mg(Br-)/L for the bromide ion

Reference 8

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1999

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method: other: Brachionus calyciflorus test

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Test organisms (species):

other: Brachionus calyciflorus

Duration:

2 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

2 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

3 420 mg/L

Test result is equivalent to: NOEC = 776 mg(Br-)/L for the bromide ion

Reference 9

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1983

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

32 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Test result is equivalent to: NOEC = 7.76 mg(Br-)/L for the bromide ion

Reference 10

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1983

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Analytical monitoring:

no

Test organisms (species):

other: Hydra oligactis - hydrozoa

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

3 200 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

other: specific growth rates

Test result is equivalent to: NOEC = 776 mg(Br-)/L for the bromide ion

Reference 11

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1983

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Analytical monitoring:

no

Test organisms (species):

other aquatic mollusc: Lymnaea stagnalis

Duration:

40 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

32 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Duration:

40 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Test result is equivalent to: NOEC = 7.76 mg(Br-)/L for the bromide ion

Reference 12

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method: other: Commission of the European Communities. 1986. Current test guidelines: prolonged toxicity study with Daphnia magna: Effects on reproduction. Draft 4, Report XI/681/86. Brussels, Belgium.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

3 - <= 47 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

3 - <= 19 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Basis for effect:

other: mortality and reproduction

Test result is equivalent to: NOEC 2.3 -<= 14.7 mg(Br-)/L for the bromide ion

Reference 13

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1986

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Analytical monitoring:

no

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

32 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

10 mg/L

Basis for effect:

other: intrinsic rate of natural increase

Test result is equivalent to: NOEC = 7.76 mg(Br-)/L for the bromide ion

Reference 14

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

1979

Reliability:

4 (not assignable)

Guideline:

other: method in agreement with "concepts of the Dutch Standardisation Institute"

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

5 mg/L

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

29 mg/L

Description of key information

Daphnia magna were exposed to sodium bromide in a semi-static toxicity test. Observations of growth changes were used to determine the LOEC and NOEC values. The 16 day NOEC was found to be 2.8 mg/L NaBr based on the observation criteria of growth effects.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect concentration:

2.8 mg/L

Additional information

Ammonium bromide is an inorganic salt that dissociates to its composite ions in aqueous solutions at environmental pH and temperature. Comparison of the available data on the various bromide salts have shown that the bromide ion is the relevant ion for determination of the toxicological profile with simple cations such as potassium, sodium or ammonium, that are ubiquitous in nature, having little or no influence on the bromide ion properties. It is therefore justified to read-across data from other inorganic bromide salts to ammonium bromide.

Daphnia magna were exposed to sodium bromide in a semi-static toxicity test. Observations of growth changes were used to determine the LOEC and NOEC values. The 16 day NOEC was found to be 2.8 mg/L NaBr based on the observation criteria of growth effects.