N-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-[(2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)azo]naphthalene-2-carboxamide

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: screening tests

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

The supporting QMRF report has been attached

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The data is predicted using the OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with logKow as the primary descriptor.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (IUPAC name): N-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-[(E)-2-(2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)diazen-1-yl]naphthalene-2-carboxamide
- Molecular formula: C24H17ClN4O4
- Molecular weight: 460.875 g/mol
- Smiles notation: c12c(c(c(C(Nc3ccc(Cl)cc3)=O)cc1cccc2)O)\N=N\c1cc(ccc1C)[N+](=O)[O-]
- InChl: 1S/C24H17ClN4O4/c1-14-6-11-18(29(32)33)13-21(14)27-28-22-19-5-3-2-4-15(19)12-20(23(22)30)24(31)26-17-9-7-16(25)8-10-17/h2-13,30H,1H3,(H,26,31)/b28-27+
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic

Inoculum or test system:

other: Microorganisms

Duration of test (contact time):

28 d

Based on:

not specified

Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:

other: BOD

Key result

Parameter:

other: BOD

Value:

4.4

Sampling time:

28 d

Remarks on result:

other: Other details not known

Details on results:

Test substance undergoes 4.4% degradation by BOD in 28 days.

The prediction was based on dataset comprised from the following descriptors: BOD
Estimation method: Takes average value from the 5 nearest neighbours
Domain  logical expression:Result: In Domain

((((((("a" or "b" or "c" or "d" or "e" )  and ("f" and ( not "g") )  )  and ("h" and ( not "i") )  )  and "j" )  and "k" )  and "l" )  and ("m" and "n" )  )

Domain logical expression index: "a"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Non-covalent interaction AND Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation AND Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> DNA Intercalators with Carboxamide and Aminoalkylamine Side Chain by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.4

Domain logical expression index: "b"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as SN1 AND SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation AND SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Aromatic azo AND SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Aromatic nitro by DNA binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "c"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation AND Acylation >> Acylation involving an activated (glucuronidated) carboxamide group AND Acylation >> Acylation involving an activated (glucuronidated) carboxamide group >> Carboxylic Acid Amides AND Acylation >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group AND Acylation >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group >> Carboxylic Acid Amides AND Acylation >> Ester aminolysis AND Acylation >> Ester aminolysis >> Amides AND AN2 AND AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  AND AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  >> Carboxylic Acid Amides by Protein binding by OASIS v1.4

Domain logical expression index: "d"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation AND Acylation >> Direct Acylation Involving a Leaving group AND Acylation >> Direct Acylation Involving a Leaving group >> Acetates by Protein binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "e"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Amides AND Phenol Amines AND Phenols by Aquatic toxicity classification by ECOSAR

Domain logical expression index: "f"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation AND Acylation >> Acylation involving an activated (glucuronidated) carboxamide group AND Acylation >> Acylation involving an activated (glucuronidated) carboxamide group >> Carboxylic Acid Amides AND Acylation >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group AND Acylation >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group >> Carboxylic Acid Amides AND Acylation >> Ester aminolysis AND Acylation >> Ester aminolysis >> Amides AND AN2 AND AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  AND AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  >> Carboxylic Acid Amides by Protein binding by OASIS v1.4

Domain logical expression index: "g"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation >> Acylation involving an activated (glucuronidated) ester group OR Acylation >> Acylation involving an activated (glucuronidated) ester group >> Arenecarboxylic Acid Esters OR Acylation >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group >> Anhydrides (sulphur analogues of anhydrides)  OR Acylation >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group >> N-Haloacylamides  OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis or thiolysis OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis or thiolysis >> Activated aryl esters  OR AN2 >> Michael addition to activated double bonds OR AN2 >> Michael addition to activated double bonds >> alpha,beta-Unsaturated Carbonyls and Related Compounds OR AN2 >> Michael addition to activated double bonds in heterocyclic ring systems OR AN2 >> Michael addition to activated double bonds in heterocyclic ring systems >> Pyrazolone and Pyrazolidine Derivatives OR AN2 >> Michael addition to alpha, beta-unsaturated acids and esters OR AN2 >> Michael addition to alpha, beta-unsaturated acids and esters >> alpha,beta-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids and Esters OR AN2 >> Michael type addition to activated double bond of pyrimidine bases OR AN2 >> Michael type addition to activated double bond of pyrimidine bases >> Pyrimidines and Purines OR AN2 >> Michael type nucleophilic addition and Schiff base formation OR AN2 >> Michael type nucleophilic addition and Schiff base formation >> Halogenated Vicinal Hydrocarbons OR AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  >> N-Substituted Aromatic Amines OR AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  >> Substituted Anilines OR AN2 >> Michael-type addition to quinoid structures  >> Substituted Phenols OR AN2 >> Schiff base formation with carbonyl compounds (AN2) OR AN2 >> Schiff base formation with carbonyl compounds (AN2) >> Pyrazolone and Pyrazolidine Derivatives OR AN2 >> Schiff base formation with carbonyl group of pyrimidine and purine bases OR AN2 >> Schiff base formation with carbonyl group of pyrimidine and purine bases >> Pyrimidines and Purines OR Michael addition OR Michael addition >> Michael addition on conjugated systems with electron withdrawing group OR Michael addition >> Michael addition on conjugated systems with electron withdrawing group >> alpha,beta-Carbonyl compounds with polarized double bonds  OR Michael addition >> Michael type addition on quinone type chemicals OR Michael addition >> Michael type addition on quinone type chemicals >> Pyranones, Pyridones (and related nitrogen chemicals)  OR No alert found OR Nucleophilic addition OR Nucleophilic addition >> Addition to carbon-hetero double bonds OR Nucleophilic addition >> Addition to carbon-hetero double bonds >> Ketones OR Schiff base formation OR Schiff base formation >> Direct acting Schiff base formers OR Schiff base formation >> Direct acting Schiff base formers >> 1,2-Dicarbonyls and 1,3-Dicarbonyls  OR Schiff base formation >> Schiff base on pyrazolones and pyrazolidinones OR Schiff base formation >> Schiff base on pyrazolones and pyrazolidinones >> Pyrazolones and Pyrazolidinones OR SN2 OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 carbon atom OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 carbon atom >> Alkyl halides  OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 carbon atom >> alpha-Activated haloalkanes  OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic type substitution together with ring-opening of an episulfonium ion intermediate OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic type substitution together with ring-opening of an episulfonium ion intermediate >> Halogenated Vicinal Hydrocarbons OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at a sulfur atom OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at a sulfur atom >> Isothiazolidin-3-ones (sulphur) and Isothiazolone derivatives  by Protein binding by OASIS v1.4

Domain logical expression index: "h"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation AND Acylation >> Direct Acylation Involving a Leaving group AND Acylation >> Direct Acylation Involving a Leaving group >> Acetates by Protein binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "i"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found OR SN2 OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom >> Alkyl diazo OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom >> Allyl acetates and related chemicals OR SNAr OR SNAr >> Nucleophilic aromatic substitution OR SNAr >> Nucleophilic aromatic substitution >> Activated halo-benzenes by Protein binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "j"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Reactive unspecified by Acute aquatic toxicity MOA by OASIS ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "k"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as days - weeks by Biodeg primary (Biowin 4) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "l"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Does NOT Biodegrade Fast by Biodeg probability (Biowin 5) ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "m"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of Molecular weight which is >= 237 Da

Domain logical expression index: "n"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of Molecular weight which is <= 520 Da

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Interpretation of results:

not readily biodegradable

Conclusions:

The test chemical N-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-[(E)-2-(2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)diazen-1-yl]naphthalene-2-carboxamide was estimated to be not readily biodegradable in water.

Executive summary:

Biodegradability of N-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-[(E)-2-(2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)diazen-1-yl]naphthalene-2-carboxamide (CAS no. 6410 -30 -6) is predicted using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with logKow as the primary descriptor. Test substance undergoes 4.4% degradation by BOD in 28 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, the test chemical

N-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-[(E)-2-(2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)diazen-1-yl]naphthalene-2-carboxamide was estimated to be not readily biodegradable in water.

Description of key information

Biodegradability of N-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-[(E)-2-(2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)diazen-1-yl]naphthalene-2-carboxamide (CAS no. 6410 -30 -6) is predicted using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 (2017) with logKow as the primary descriptor. Test substance undergoes 4.4% degradation by BOD in 28 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, the test chemical

N-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-[(E)-2-(2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)diazen-1-yl]naphthalene-2-carboxamide was estimated to be not readily biodegradable in water.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Biodegradation in water:

under test conditions no biodegradation observed

Additional information

Various predicted data for the target compound N-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-[(E)-2-(2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)diazen-1-yl]naphthalene-2-carboxamide (CAS No. 6410-30-6) and supporting weight of evidence studies for its read across substance were reviewed for the biodegradation end point which are summarized as below:

 

In a prediction done by SSS (2017) using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 with logKow as the primary descriptor, percentage biodegradability of test chemical N-(4 -chlorophenyl)-3 -hydroxy-4 -[(E)-2 -(2 -methyl-5 -nitrophenyl)diazen-1 -yl]naphthalene-2 -carboxamide (CAS No. 6410 -30 -6) was estimated.Test substance undergoes 4.4% degradation by BOD in 28 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, the test chemical N-(4 -chlorophenyl)-3 -hydroxy-4 -[(E)-2 -(2 -methyl-5 -nitrophenyl)diazen-1 -yl]naphthalene-2 -carboxamide was estimated to be not readily biodegradable in water.

 

In another prediction using the Estimation Programs Interface Suite (EPI suite, 2017), the biodegradation potential of the test compound N-(4 -chlorophenyl)-3 -hydroxy-4 -[(E)-2 -(2 -methyl-5 -nitrophenyl)diazen-1 -yl]naphthalene-2 -carboxamide (CAS No. 6410 -30 -6) in the presence of mixed populations of environmental microorganisms was estimated.The biodegradability of the substance was calculated using seven different models such as Linear Model, Non-Linear Model, Ultimate Biodegradation Timeframe, Primary Biodegradation Timeframe, MITI Linear Model, MITI Non-Linear Model and Anaerobic Model (called as Biowin 1-7, respectively) of the BIOWIN v4.10 software. The results indicate that chemical  N-(4 -chlorophenyl)-3 -hydroxy-4 -[(E)-2 -(2 -methyl-5 -nitrophenyl)diazen-1 -yl]naphthalene-2 -carboxamide is expected to be not readily biodegradable.

 

For the read across chemical(1Z)-1-(phenylhydrazinylidene)naphthalen-2-one(CAS no. 842-07-9),the carbon dioxide evolution test (former Sturm test) is a static method used for evaluating the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of a read across substance(1Z)-1-(phenylhydrazinylidene)naphthalen-2-onein water (Sustainability Support Services (Europe) AB has letter of access, Report no. 03/0063/36/ 1, 2003). Activated sludge was obtained from laboratory wastewater plant treating municipal sewage. Activated sludge of a concentration of 30 mg/I dry substance was pre-aerated for about two days before the start of the test. Mixtures of the test substance, a defined inorganic medium and a non pre-adapted inoculurn (e .g. activated sludge or effluent of a municipal or laboratory waste water treatment plant) are incubated and aerated at room temperature up to 28 days. The biologically produced carbon dioxide is trapped in a 0,25 mol. potassium hydroxide solution. The production of carbon dioxide (C02) is a clear indication of biodegradation. The measured amount of carbon dioxide at the end of the test is compared with the calculated maximal theoretical production (ThC02) and indicated as biodegradation degree in percent. The conductivity shift of the absorption solution is used for calculating of the C02 production. Biodegradation degree of the reference substance after 14 days (% CO2/ThCO2): 60 - 70%. The percentage degradation of the read across substance(1Z)-1-(phenylhydrazinylidene)naphthalen-2-onewas determined to be <10% in 28 days by CO2/ThCO2 parameter. Thus, the substance(1Z)-1-(phenylhydrazinylidene)naphthalen-2-oneis considered to be not readily biodegradable according to OECD criteria.

 

In a supporting weight of evidence study from authoritative database (J-CHECK, 2017 and Envichem, 2014) and secondary source (OECD SIDS, 1999 and HPVIS, 2017) for the read across chemical Barium bis[2-chloro-5-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)azo]toluene-4-sulphonate] (CAS no. 5160-02-1), biodegradation experiment was conducted for 14 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of read across substance Barium bis[2-chloro-5-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)azo]toluene-4-sulphonate]. The study was performed according to OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I)) under aerobic conditions. Concentration of inoculum i.e, sludge used was 30 mg/l and initial test substance conc. used in the study was 100 mg/l, respectively. The percentage degradation of read across substance Barium bis[2 -chloro-5 -[(2 -hydroxy-1 -naphthyl)azo]toluene-4 -sulphonate] was determined to be 0% by BOD parameter in 14 days. Thus, based on percentage degradation, Barium bis[2 -chloro-5 -[(2 -hydroxy-1 -naphthyl)azo]toluene-4 -sulphonate] is considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.

 

Another biodegradation study was conducted for 28 days for evaluating the percentage biodegradability of the same read across substance Barium bis[2 -chloro-5 -[(2 -hydroxy-1 -naphthyl)azo]toluene-4 -sulphonate] (CAS no. 5160 -02 -1) (OECD SIDS, 1999 and HPVIS, 2017). The study was performed according to OECD Guideline 302 B (Inherent biodegradability: Zahn-Wellens/EMPA Test) under aerobic conditions. Activated sludge was used as a test inoculum for the study. Initial test substance conc. used in the study was 1300 mg/l. The percentage degradation of read across substance Barium bis[2 -chloro-5 -[(2 -hydroxy-1 -naphthyl)azo] toluene-4 -sulphonate] was determined to be 25, 26, 28 and 33% in 5, 10, 15 and 21 days, respectively. Thus, based on percentage degradation, Barium bis[2 -chloro-5 -[(2 -hydroxy-1 -naphthyl)azo]toluene-4 -sulphonate] is considered to be not readily biodegradable in nature.

 

On the basis of above results for target chemicalN-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-[(E)-2-(2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)diazen-1-yl]naphthalene-2-carboxamide(from OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.4 and EPI suite, 2017) and for its read across substance (from experimental study report, authoritative database J-CHECK, Envichem and secondary source), it can be concluded that the test substanceN-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-[(E)-2-(2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)diazen-1-yl]naphthalene-2-carboxamidecan be expected to be not readily biodegradable in nature.