sodium 4,4-dimethyl-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-1-ide

Endpoint summary

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Effects on fertility

Effect on fertility: via oral route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Effect on fertility: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Effect on fertility: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Two generation reproduction toxicity in CD rats - Neeper-Bradley (1994)

In conclusion, continuous exposure to DMH in the diet for two generations did not result in parental toxicity or adverse effects on reproduction or reproductive tissues at dietary concentrations as high as 20000 ppm. Small increases in parental food consumption and body weight and slight transient decreases in offspring body weight were observed at the 20000 ppm dose level. The no-observed-effect level (NOEL) for parental animals and offspring in this study was 6000 ppm. The NOEL for reproductive effects was at least 20000 ppm.

Short description of key information:
A two generation reproductive toxicity study is available. The substance DMH is not a reproductive toxin but there may be an effect on lactation. NOEL (reproductive effects) > 20000 ppm

Effects on developmental toxicity

Description of key information

The substance is not a developmental toxin as no maternal toxic effects and no teratogenic/embryotoxic effects were observed.

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

developmental toxicity

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

in year 1992

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study performed to GLP and guideline.

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPP 83-3 (Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

yes

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: CD

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Testing Lab
- Age at study initiation: 8 weeks at mating
- Weight at study initiation: females: 217.8-218.6 g
- Housing: 2 per stainless steel cage.
- Diet: ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 2 weeks

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 66-77 °F
- Humidity (%): 40-70 %
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours light / 12 hours dark

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

water

Details on exposure:

PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
Each dosing solution was prepared by dissolving the appropriate amount of DMH with Milli-Q filtered water. Due to the high purity of the test substance, concentrations were not adjusted for percent active ingredient of test substance. Dosing solutions were prepared once and stored at room temperature.

VEHICLE
- Amount of vehicle (if gavage): 10 mL/kg/day

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

The concentration of DMH in Milli-Q filtered water was analysed using HPLC.

HPLC parameters:
Instrument: Waters HPLC
Column: Waters µBondapack C-18 (3.9 mm x 30 cm) 10 micron
Column temperature: ambient
Mobile phase: 5% methanol/95% Milli-Q filtered weater, isocratic
Flowrate: 1.0 ml/min
Detector: Waters lambda Max 481 variable wavelength.
Wavelength: 230 nm
Sensitivity: 0.05 absorbance units full scale.
Injection volume: 20 µl
Limit of detection: ca. 0.01 mg/ml.

Differences between duplicate analyses did not exceed 15% and individual analyses were within ± 15% of nominal.

Details on mating procedure:

- Impregnation procedure: cohoused
- If cohoused:
- M/F ratio per cage: 1:1
- Length of cohabitation: 4 days
- Proof of pregnancy: the day when vaginal copulation plug was observed, was referred to as day 0 of pregnancy.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Rats were dosed daily from gestation day 6 through 15

Frequency of treatment:

Single daily dose

Duration of test:

21 days in total

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
100 mg/kg bw/day
Basis:
nominal in water

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
300 mg/kg bw/day
Basis:
nominal in water

Remarks:

Doses / Concentrations:
1000 mg/kg bw/day
Basis:
nominal in water

No. of animals per sex per dose:

25 females/dose

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale:
Dose levels of 0 (control), 100, 300, and 1000 mg/kg/day were selected by the Sponsor. The limit dose of 1000 mg/kg/day recommended for developmental; toxicity studies was selected as the high dose level. The mid and low dose levels were chosen on a half-log scale below the highest dose level.

Maternal examinations:

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: daily (twice daily during dosing)

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: gestation day 0, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21.

FOOD CONSUMPTION: Yes
- Time schedule: measured at three day intervals throughout the study (gestation day 0 to gd 21)

WATER CONSUMPTION: No

COMPOUND INTAKE: No

POST-MORTEM EXAMINATIONS: Yes
- Sacrifice on gestation day # 21
- Organs examined: liver, see ovaries and uterine contents.

LITER RESPONSE
- litter size, number of dead foetuses, sex ratio

Ovaries and uterine content:

The ovaries and uterine content was examined after termination: Yes
Examinations included:
- Gravid uterus weight: Yes
- Number of corpora lutea: Yes
- Number of implantations: Yes
- Number of early resorptions: Yes
- Number of late resorptions: Yes
- Other: cervix, vagina, peritoneal and thoracic cavities, uterus examined for signs of hemorrhage and dissected longitudinally to expose the contents, all live and dead fetuses, uteri from females that appeared nongravid were placed in a 10% ammonium sulfide solution for detection of early resorptions.

Fetal examinations:

- External examinations: Yes: all of the live fetuses per litter
- Soft tissue examinations: Yes: all of the live fetuses per litter
- Skeletal examinations: Yes: all of the live fetuses per litter
- Head examinations: Yes: half of the live fetuses per litter
- Thoracic and abdominal visceral abnormalities: Yes: approximately half of the live fetuses per litter

Statistics:

The data for quantitative continuous variables were intercompared for the 3 treatment groups and the control group by use of Levene's test for equality of variances, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and t-tests. The t-tests were used when the F value from the ANOVA was significant. When Levene's test indicated equal variances, and the ANOVA was significant, a pooled t-test was used for pairwise comparisons. When Levene's test indicated heterogeneous variances, all groups were compared by an ANOVA for unequal variances followed, when necessary, by a separate variance t-test for pairwise comparisons.
Non-parametric data were statistically evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Mann-Whitney U test when appropriate. Frequency data were compared using the Fischer's Exact Test. With the exception of the data analysis for fetal malformations an dvariations, all statistical analyses were performed using BMDP statistical software (Dixon, 1990). Frequency data for fetal malformations and variations were analysed using an internal computer program. For all statistical tests, the probability value of < 0.05 (two-tailed) was used as the critical level of significance.

Indices:

Pregnancy rate was equivalent for all groups and ranged from 92 to 100 %.

Details on maternal toxic effects:

Maternal toxic effects:no effects

Details on maternal toxic effects:
No females died, aborted, delivered early or were removed from the study prior to sacrifice. All females that bore litters had one or more viable fetuses.
No treatment-related clinical signs were observed during or subsequent to treatment at any dose level.
There were no dose related changes in maternal body weights or body weight changes throughout gestation. Statistically significant reductions in average weight gain for days 9-12 at 1000mg/kg/day were not considered to be related to treatment but rather were considered to reflect stabilization of body weight in the 1000mg/kg/day group which exhibited a slightly higher weight gain for days 6-9. There were no differences in body weight gain at 1000mg/kg/day for the entire treatment period.
There were no treatment-related effects on food consumption during or subsequent to dosing.
There were no treatment related findings observed at necropsy. There were no effects on terminal body weight, gravid uterine weight, corrected body weight, corrected weight change, or relative and absolute liver weights.

Dose descriptor:

NOEL

Effect level:

>= 1 000 mg/kg bw/day

Basis for effect level:

other: maternal toxicity

Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:

Embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:no effects

Details on embryotoxic / teratogenic effects:
No treatment-related effects on fetal body weights for male and female were observed in any group.
There were no differences in individual external, visceral or skeletal malformations by category, or in total malformations among groups. There were no treatment-related increases in the incidences of individual fetal external, visceral or skeletal variations by category, or of total variations among groups. Statistically significant decreases in 1 external variation, excessive bleeding at the umbilicus, and 1 skeletal variation, majority of proximal phalanges unossified at 1000mg/kg/day were not considered to be treatment related or biologically significant due to the lack of a dose-related trend.

Dose descriptor:

NOEL

Effect level:

>= 1 000 mg/kg bw/day

Basis for effect level:

other: teratogenicity

Abnormalities:

not specified

Developmental effects observed:

not specified

Table 1. Results for maternal effects

Parameters	Control group		100 mg/kg bw/d	300 mg/kg bw/d	1000 mg/kg bw/d
	0 mg/kg bw/d
Number of dams examined	25		25	25	25
Mortality of dams (%)	0		0	0	0
Abortions	0		0	0	0
Body weight gain (mean (g))  Days 15-21 (post treatment)  Days 0 -21 (gestation)	88.29 150.96		86.85 153.57	88.15 154.01	85.50 151.05
Food consumption (mean (g)) Day 0 to 6 (pre-treatment) Day 6 to 15 (treatment) Day 15 to 21 (post treatment)	19.93 22.04 24.82		19.42 22.00 25.01	19.82 21.50 24.35	19.89 21.66 24.55
Pregnancies (%)	92		100	100	100

Table 2. Results for teratogenic effects: litter response (Caesarean section data)

Parameters	Control group		100 mg/kg bw/d	300 mg/kg bw/d	1000 mg/kg bw/d
	0 mg/kg bw/d
Corpora lutea (mean)	14.8		14.8	15.6	15.5
Implantations (mean)	14.2		14.2	14.6	13.9
Early Resorptions (mean)	0.5		0.5	0.6	0.4
Late Resorptions (mean)	0.0		0.0	0.0	0.0
Live fetuses (%)	96.5		95.5	95.8	97.2
Dead fetuses (%)	0.0		0.1	0.0	0.0
pre-implantation loss (state %)	5.5		5.2	7.0	10.4
fetus weight (mean) [g]	5.076		5.088	5.064	4.975
Fetal sex ratio [% male fetuses]	52.0		47.0	47.8	51.5

Table 3: Examination of the fetuses

Parameters	Control group		100 mg/kg bw/d	300 mg/kg bw/d	1000 mg/kg bw/d
	0 mg/kg bw/d
External malformations^*[%]	0.3		0.0	0.0	0.0
Soft tissue malformations^*[%]	3.7		4.0	3.3	2.9
Skeletal malformations^*[%]	0		0.0	0.6	0.0
External variations^*[%]	13.3		13.9	15.1	13.0
Soft tissue variations^*[%]	50.3		39.5	47.2	39.7
Skeletal variations^*[%]	100		100	100	100

   

 

Conclusions:

The substance is not a developmental toxin as no maternal toxic effects and no teratogenic/embryotoxic effects were observed.

Executive summary:

This study has been performed on DMH (Dimethyl Hydantoin) and has been used for read-across purposes. The substance is not a developmental toxin as no maternal toxic effects and no teratogenic/embryotoxic effects were observed.

Effect on developmental toxicity: via oral route

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

1 000 mg/kg bw/day

Species:

rat

Effect on developmental toxicity: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Effect on developmental toxicity: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Test substance DMH was estimated of not displaying any developmental toxicity effects or teratogenic/embryotoxic effects in all three developmental studies.

Justification for selection of Effect on developmental toxicity: via oral route:
Study performed to GLP and guideline. Reliable study without restriction.

Justification for classification or non-classification

In a two generation reproductive toxicity study the no-observed-effect level (NOEL) for parental animals and offspring in this study was 6000 ppm. The NOEL for reproductive effects was at least 20000 ppm.

Developmental toxicity effects or teratogenic/embryotoxic effects were not recorded in any of the three developmental toxicity studies.

It was considered that due to the results above that classification was not required,

As previously stated these studies have been performed on DMH (Dimethyl Hydantoin) and have been used for read-across purposes. A summary of data for read-across of NaDMH with DMH is given in Section 13.