1-(3-sulphonatopropyl)pyridinium

Endpoint summary

Additional information

Short - term toxicity to aquatic species

Acute or so-called short-term toxicity experiments were conducted with fish (Rainbow trout, species unknown) and daphnids (Daphnia magna). Both experiments were conducted under certificated Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) compliance and are classified as key studies with reliability Klimisch 1. The test with freshwater trouts was performed according to OECD Guideline 203 in a flow-through mode by Heisler (1990). The test duration was 96 hours with substance concentrations of 100 mg/L as well as 1000 mg/L. No reference substance was used since it is not essential according to the guideline description. All animals were inconspicuous and no animal died. During macroscopic autopsy no experimental-specific findings were observed. According to these result the LC50 as well as the NOEC is determined to be > 1000 mg/L. Therefore, the test substance has not to be classified as toxic to fish.

OECD Guideline 202 (EU Method C.2) was applied in a static freshwater test with Daphnia magna as test organism (Wetton and Mullee, 2001). The test duration was 48 hours with a substance concentration of 100 mg/L, which was selected based on the preliminary range-finding study. No reference substance was used since it is not essential according to the guideline description. No immobility of daphnids was detected at the tested concentration, thus as result an EC50 (48h) > 100 mg/L and a NOEC value of 100 mg/L was reported. It was considered unnecessary and unrealistic to test at concentrations in excess of 100 mg/L. Considering these results, the test substance has not to be classified as toxic to aquatic invertebrates.

Concerning green algae the acute toxicity was predicted by the computer program ECOSAR v1.00, resulting in an EC50(96h) value of 26.70 g/L (Chemservice S.A., 2011). This procedure is scientifically accepted, therefore the result is taken into account for the risk assessment and does not lead to a classification and corresponding labelling of the substance according to CLP regulation.

Long - term toxicity to aquatic species

No experimental data exist for the test substance regarding chronic or so-called long-term toxicity for the aquatic environment. One approach is to calculate the "Chronic Value (ChV)" for three relevant species (e.g. fish, daphnids and green algae) by using the computer software EPIWIN/ECOSAR v1.00 of the US-EPA. The program uses an extensive set of structure-activity relationships (SARs) to estimate the toxicity of chemicals discharged to water, whereby the ChV is defined as the geometric mean of the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) and Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC). For this procedure no GLP compliance criteria are applicable, however, it is regarded as a scientifically accepted calculation method. Therefore, the results can be considered as reliable with restrictions (Klimisch 2). However, the results cannot be taken into account for the chemical safety assessment.

For fish, a ChV of 45.8 g/L was predicted, for daphnids a value of 14.4 g/L and for green algae (species not further specified) a Chronic Value of 6.3 g/L is reported (Chemservice S.A., 2011). These values indicate that no toxicity concern arises for the different trophic levels.

Toxicity to microorganisms

A mixed population of activated sewage sludge microorganisms was used to test the toxicity towards aquatic microorganisms according to OECD Guideline 209 (Wadsley, 2012). Test substance concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L were used. The exposure period was 3 hours at a temperature of 20 +/- 2 °C with addition of synthetic sewage as respiratory substrate. The EC50(3h) was found to be greater than 1000 mg/L with a corresponding No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) of 1000 mg/L.

Supporting information is given by an experiment according to Bringmann and Kühn (1977) with Pseudomonas putida (Oláh and Kiss, 1990). As result a MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of 0.12 g/mL is reported, which can neither be used for the chemical safety assessment nor for the risk assessment.

Toxicity to other aquatic plants than algae and other aquatic organisms

This information is not available and / or not required under REACH.