9,10-Anthracenedione, 1,4-diamino-, N,N'-mixed 2-ethylhexyl and hexyl and octyl derivs.

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Hydrolysis

On the basis of the experimental studies of the structurally and functionally similar read across chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach, the hydrolysis the test chemical can be expected to be > 5 days at 25°C or > 1 yrs at 50°C at pH 4, 7 and 9, respectively.

Biodegradation in water:

The biodegradability of the substance was calculated using seven different Biowin 1-7 models of the BIOWIN v4.10 software. The results indicate that the test chemical is expected to be not readily biodegradable.

Bioaccumulation:

BCFBAF Program (v3.00) model of EPI suite used to predict the BCF value of test chemical. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) for test chemical was predicted to be 3.162 L/kg wet-wt at 25°C.

Adsorption / desorption

Study was performed to determine adsorption coefficient of test chemical. The Adsorption Coefficient of test chemical was determined as per the HPLC method (OECD Guideline-121). The Log Koc value was determined to be 3.360 ± 0.000 at 25°C.

Additional information

Hydrolysis

Data available for the structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals has been reviewed to determine the half-life of the test chemical.The studies are as mentioned below:

The half-life of the test chemicalwas determined at different pH range.The study was performed according to OECD Guideline 111 (Hydrolysis as a Function of pH) at a temperature of 25°C and pH 4, 7 and 9, respectively. Although the exact half-life value of test chemical was not known, but was reported to be stable during a period of 5 days.Thus, the half-life value of test chemical can be determined to be > 5 daysat a pH 4, 7 and 9 & at a temperature of 25°C, respectively, indicating that the test chemical is not hydrolysable.

In an another study, the half-life of the test chemical was determined at different pH range. The study was performed according to OECD Guideline 111 (Hydrolysis as a Function of pH) at a temperature of 50°C. Test chemical was reported to be hydrolytically stable at pH 4, 7 and 9 & at a temperature of 50°C with a corresponding half-life of > 1 years, respectively. Based on this, it is concluded that test chemical is not expected to undergoe hydrolysis under environmental test conditions and thus can be considered to be not hydrolysable.

On the basis of the experimental studies of the structurally and functionally similar read across chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach, the hydrolysis the test chemical can be expected to be > 5 days at 25°C or > 1 yrs at 50°C at pH 4, 7 and 9, respectively. Thus, based on this, it can be concluded that the test chemical is not hydrolysable in water.

Biodegradation in water:

Following different studies includes estimated study for the target chemical and experimental study for read-across analogues which is extracted by using mechanistic approach and functionally and structurally similar to the target chemical to observe the biodegradation rate of test chemical in water.

Estimation Programs Interface Suite was run to predict the biodegradation potential of the test chemical in the presence of mixed populations of environmental microorganisms. The biodegradability of the substance was calculated using seven different models such as Linear Model, Non-Linear Model, Ultimate Biodegradation Timeframe, Primary Biodegradation Timeframe, MITI Linear Model, MITI Non-Linear Model and Anaerobic Model (called as Biowin 1-7, respectively) of the BIOWIN v4.10 software. The results indicate that test chemical is expected to be not readily biodegradable.

The test chemical was subjected to biodegradation test by taking sludge as inoculums at 30 mg/L concentration. Biodegradation was analyzed by using two parameters that are BOD and HPLC. The initial concentration of test chemical was 100 mg/L and study design is of standard type. The test chemical showed 1 and 0% degradation by BOD and HPLC parameter respectively in 28 days, so it is concluded that test chemical is not readily biodegradable in water.

The test chemical was subjected to biodegradation test by taking sludge as inoculums at 30 mg/L concentration. Biodegradation was analyzed by using two parameters that are BOD and HPLC. The initial concentration of test chemical was 100 mg/L and study design is of standard type. The test chemical showed 1 and 3% degradation by BOD and HPLC parameter respectively in 28 days, so it is concluded that test chemical is not readily biodegradable in water.

The test chemical was subjected to biodegradation test by taking sludge as inoculums at 30 mg/L concentration. Biodegradation was analyzed by using two parameters that are BOD and HPLC. The initial concentration of test chemical was 100 mg/L and study design is of standard type. The test chemical showed 0 and 2% degradation by BOD and HPLC parameter respectively in 28 days, so it is concluded that test chemical is not readily biodegradable in water.

On the basis of above values, it is concluded that test chemical is not readily biodegradable in water.

Bioaccumulation:

Following different studies includes estimated study for the target chemical and experimental study for read-across analogues which is extracted by using mechanistic approach and functionally and structurally similar to the target chemical to observe the bioaccumulation of test chemical:

Using BCFBAF Program (v3.00) model of EPI suite the estimated bioconcentration factor (BCF) for test chemical was predicted to be 3.162 L/kg wet-wt at 25°C which does not exceed the bioconcentration threshold of 2000. Therefore it is concluded that test chemical is non bioaccumulative in food chain.

Bioaccumulation study was conducted for evaluating the bioconcentration factor (BCF value) of test chemical. The study was performed for 6 weeks. Cyprinus carpio was used as a test organism for the study. Test organisms were exposed to different nominal concentration of 0.05 mg/L and 0.005 mg/L. Study was conducted in flow through system for 6 weeks. Vehicle used in the test was Dimethyl sulfoxide and Polyvinylpyrrolidone at different concentrations. Range finding study was performed on Rice fish (Oryzias latipes) to determine LC50 value for 48h which was determined to be >= 30.0 mg/L. The bioconcentration factor (BCF value) of test chemical on Cyprinus carpio was determined to be in the range of 27-43 L/Kg  and 18-46 L/Kg at a conc. of 0.05 and 0.005 mg/L, respectively, which does not exceed the bioconcentration threshold of 2000, indicating that the test chemical is not expected to bioaccumulate in the food chain.

Bioaccumulation study was conducted for evaluating the bioconcentration factor (BCF value) of test chemical. The study was performed for 8 weeks. Cyprinus carpio was used as a test organism for the study. Test organisms were exposed to different nominal concentration of 0.03 mg/L and 0.003 mg/L. Study was conducted in flow through system for 8 weeks. Vehicle used in the test was Dimethyl sulfoxide and Polyvinylpyrrolidone at different concentrations. Range finding study was performed on Rice fish (Oryzias latipes) to determine LC50 value for 48h which was determined to be >= 30.0 mg/L. The bioconcentration factor (BCF value) of test chemical on Cyprinus carpio was determined to be in the range of 50-150 L/Kg  and 55-137 L/Kg at a conc. of 0.03 and 0.003 mg/L, respectively which does not exceed the bioconcentration threshold of 2000, indicating that the test chemical is not expected to bioaccumulate in the food chain.

On the basis of above values, it is indicating that the test chemical is not expected to bioaccumulate in the food chain.

Adsorption / desorption

The adsorption coefficient Koc in soil and in sewage sludge of test chemical was determined by the Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic method according to OECD Guideline No. 121 for testing of Chemicals. The solutions of the test substance and reference substances were prepared in appropriate solvents. A test chemical solution was prepared by accurately pipetting 4 microliter of test chemical and diluted with Acetonitrile up to 10 ml. Thus, the test solution concentration was 168.4 mg/l. The pH of test substance was 5.6. Each of the reference substance and test substance were analysed by HPLC at 210 nm. After equilibration of the HPLC system, Urea was injected first, the reference substances were injected in duplicate, followed by the test chemical solution in duplicate. Reference substances were injected again after test sample, no change in retention time of reference substances was observed. Retention time tR were measured, averaged and the decimal logarithms of the capacity factors k were calculated. The graph was plotted between log Koc versus log k. The linear regression parameter of the relationship log Koc vs log k were also calculated from the data obtained with calibration samples and therewith, log Koc of the test substance was determined from its measured capacity factor. The reference substances were chosen according to estimated Koc range of the test substance and generalized calibration graph was prepared. The reference substances were Benzamide, 4-chloroaniline, 4-methylaniline(p- Tolouidine), N-methylaniline, p-toluamide, Aniline, 2,5-Dichloroaniline, 4-nitrophenol, 2 - nitrophenol, 2-nitrobenzamide, 3-nitrobenzamide, Nitrobenzene, 4-Nitrobenzamide, 1-naphthylamine, 1-naphtol, Direct Red 81, Benzoic acid methylester, Carbendazim, Benzoic acid phenylester, Xylene, Ethylbenzene, Toluene, Naphthalene, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, Pentachlorophenol, Phenol, N,N-dimethylbenzamide, 3,5-dinitrobenzamide, N-methylbenzamide, phenanthrene having Koc value ranging from 1.26 to 4.09. The Log Koc value of test chemical was determined to be 3.360± 0.000 dimensionless at 25°C. This log Koc value indicates that the substance has a moderate sorption to soil and sediment and therefore have slow migration potential to ground water.