Trisodium bis[4-amino-3-[(2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)azo]naphthalene-1-sulphonato(3-)]chromate(3-)

Explosiveness

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

explosiveness, other

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Remarks:

according to UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Rev. 6 (2015)

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

UN Manual of Tests and Criteria: Part I: Classification procedures, test methods and criteria relating to explosives of Class 1

Version / remarks:

Rev. 6 (2015)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method A.14 (Explosive properties)

GLP compliance:

no

Key result

Test series:

UN Test series 1

Method:

UN Test 1 (b): Koenen test

Parameter:

limiting diameter (mm)

Value:

1

Result:

result is considered "+" (positive)

Test series:

UN Test series 1

Method:

UN Test 1 (b): Koenen test

Parameter:

limiting diameter (mm)

Value:

2

Result:

result is considered "+" (positive)

Key result

Test series:

UN Test series 1

Method:

UN Test 3 (b) (i): BAM friction apparatus

Parameter:

limiting load (N)

Value:

360

Result:

result is considered "-" (negative)

Test series:

UN Test series 1

Method:

UN Test 3 (b) (i): BAM friction apparatus

Parameter:

limiting load (N)

Value:

120

Result:

result is considered "-" (negative)

Test series:

UN Test series 1

Method:

UN Test 3 (a) (ii): BAM Fallhammer

Parameter:

limiting impact energy (J)

Value:

50

Result:

result is considered "+" (positive)

Test series:

UN Test series 1

Method:

UN Test 3 (a) (ii): BAM Fallhammer

Parameter:

limiting impact energy (J)

Value:

40

Result:

result is considered "+" (positive)

Key result

Test series:

UN Test series 1

Method:

UN Test 3 (a) (ii): BAM Fallhammer

Parameter:

limiting impact energy (J)

Value:

7.5

Result:

result is considered "+" (positive)

Key result

Test series:

UN Test series 1

Method:

UN Test 3 (a) (ii): BAM Fallhammer

Parameter:

limiting impact energy (J)

Value:

2

Result:

result is considered "-" (negative)

Due to the positive result of the Koenen Test the Time-pressure test and the Trauzl test were not performed.

Interpretation of results:

other: explosive substance class 1

Conclusions:

The test item has explosive properties according to UN Manual of Tests and Criteria and Regulation (EC) no 440/2008.

Executive summary:

Tests for explosive properties according to UN Manual of Tests and Criteria and Regulation (EC) no 440/2008, A.14., were performed: thermal sensitivity, mechanical sensitivity to friction and impact.

Tests for thermal sensitivity (Koenen test) using orifice plates with 2.0 mm and 1.0 mm diameter respectively were positive according to the criteria of the UN Manual and EU regulation.

Tests for mechanical sensitivity to friction, forces 360 N and 120 N, were negative.

Tests for mechanical sensitivity to impact, BAM Fallhammer:

positive for impact energies 50 J, 40 J and 7.5 J; negative for impact energy 2.

Due to the fact, that the test series with an impact energy of 2 J did not result in an explosion, the substance is not regarded as mechanically sensitive to impact according to UN Manual of Tests and Criteria. In contrary, according to Regulation (EC) no 440/2008, A.14., the result of the performed Fallhammer tests has to be regarded as "positive" (explosion with impact energy of 7.5 J).

Reference 2

Endpoint:

explosiveness, other

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Remarks:

according to UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Rev. 6 (2015)

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

UN Manual of Tests and Criteria: Part I: Classification procedures, test methods and criteria relating to explosives of Class 1

Version / remarks:

Rev. 6 (2015)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method A.14 (Explosive properties)

GLP compliance:

no

Key result

Test series:

UN Test series 1

Method:

UN Test 1 (c) (i): Time/pressure test

Parameter:

other: gauge pressure of 2070 kPa exceeded

Result:

result is considered "+" (positive)

Remarks on result:

p = 2070 kPa, t < 30 ms

Remarks:

mixture containing 33 % sodium sulphate

Key result

Test series:

UN Test series 1

Method:

UN Test 2 (c) (i): Time/pressure test

Parameter:

other: time for pressure rise [ms]

Value:

19

Result:

result is considered "+" (positive)

Remarks on result:

time for a pressure rise from 690 to 2070 kPa (ms)

Remarks:

mixture containing 33 % sodium sulphate

Key result

Test series:

UN Test series 1

Method:

UN Test 1 (c) (i): Time/pressure test

Parameter:

other: gauge pressure of 2070 kPa exceeded

Result:

result is considered "+" (positive)

Remarks on result:

p = 2070 kPa: yes

Remarks:

mixture containing 50 % sodium sulphate

Key result

Test series:

UN Test series 1

Method:

UN Test 2 (c) (i): Time/pressure test

Parameter:

other: time for pressure rise [ms]

Value:

340

Result:

result is considered "-" (negative)

Remarks on result:

time for a pressure rise from 690 to 2070 kPa (ms)

Remarks:

mixture containing 50 % sodium sulphate

Key result

Test series:

UN Test series 1

Method:

UN Test 1 (c) (i): Time/pressure test

Parameter:

other: gauge pressure of 2070 kPa not reached

Result:

result is considered "-" (negative)

Remarks on result:

p = 2070 kPa: no

Remarks:

mixture containing 55 % sodium sulphate

Key result

Test series:

UN Test series 1

Method:

UN Test 2 (c) (i): Time/pressure test

Parameter:

other: gauge pressure of 2070 kPa not reached

Result:

result is considered "-" (negative)

Remarks on result:

time for a pressure rise from 690 to 2070 kPa (ms)

Remarks:

mixture containing 55 % sodium sulphate

Key result

Test series:

UN Test series 1

Method:

UN Test 1 (b): Koenen test

Parameter:

limiting diameter (mm)

Value:

1

Result:

result is considered "-" (negative)

Remarks:

mixtures containing 23 % and 33 % sodium sulphate

Key result

Test series:

UN Test series 1

Method:

UN Test 3 (a) (ii): BAM Fallhammer

Parameter:

limiting impact energy (J)

Value:

50

Result:

result is considered "-" (negative)

Remarks:

mixture containing 23 % sodium sulphate

Key result

Test series:

UN Test series 1

Method:

UN Test 3 (b) (i): BAM friction apparatus

Parameter:

limiting load (N)

Value:

360

Result:

result is considered "-" (negative)

Remarks:

mixture containing 23 % sodium sulphate

Key result

Test series:

other: UN Test series F

Method:

other: Test F.3 BAM Trauzl test

Parameter:

other: normalized volume increase of cavity [mL]

Value:

10

Result:

result is considered "-" (negative)

Remarks:

"low"; mixture containing 23 %

Test series:

other: UN Test series F

Method:

other: Test F.3 BAM Trauzl test

Parameter:

other: normalized volume increase of cavity [mL]

Value:

8

Result:

result is considered "-" (negative)

Remarks:

"no" mixture containing 33 % sodium sulphate

Table 1: Results of test series according to the Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, Rev. 6 (2015)

	Aluminium Grey NL
Test	+ 23 % Na2SO4	+ 33 % Na2SO4	+ 50 % Na2SO4	+ 55 % Na2SO4
Time-Pressure	1 (c) positive 2 (c) positive	1 (c) positive 2 (c) positive	1 (c) positive 2 (c) negative	1 (c) negative 2 (c) negative
Koenen	1 (b) negative	1 (b) negative	not tested	not tested supposed to be negative
BAM Fallhammer	not tested	not tested	not tested	3 (a) negative
BAM friction apparatus	not tested	not tested	not tested	3 (b)   negative
BAM Trauzl	F.3 negative	F.3 negative	not tested	not tested supposed to be negative

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

The miixture of the test item with 55 % added sodium sulphate as desensitizing agent does not have explosive properties according to UN Manual of Tests and Criteria and Regulation (EC) no 440/2008.

Executive summary:

Test series for explosive properties according to UN Manual of Tests and Criteria and Regulation (EC) no 440/2008, A.14., were performed with different test iten/sodium sulphate mixtures: thermal sensitivity, mechanical sensitivity to friction and impact. The BAM Trauzl test (Test series F), related to self-reactive substances of division 4.1 and determining the explosive power, was performed additionally.

The following mixtures were prepared and investigated first: 23 wt. %, 33 wt. % and 55 wt. % sodium sulphate.

Only the Time-Pressure test showed positive results at all. The mixture containing 55 wt.% sodium sulphate achieved negative results in all tests whereas the mixture containing 33 wt. % sodium sulphate exhibited a positive result in the Time-Pressure Tests 1(c) and 2(c). For a more discrete assessment a further test series using a 50 wt.% sodium sulphate mixture was performed. The reference test on this mixture showed, that a decrease of only 5 wt.% gave positive results in the Tests 1(c) (Time-pressure test). Even though the test series 2(c) with this mixture gave a negative result, a safety margin for the mass fraction of desensitization agent is advised. Therefore, the classification for explosive properties with regards to the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods only applies for mixtures of Aluminium Grey NL liq. (dried) and sodium sulfate with a mass content of less than 55 wt.%. The content of desensitization agent has to be ensured securely, as well as homogeneity of the mixture.

Description of key information

Explosive properties of Aluminium Grey NL, dried presscake, were investigated according to UN Manual of Tests and Criteria: Part I: Classification procedures, test methods and criteria related to explosives of Class 1.

The test item is deemed to be positive in the UN Test 1 (b) (Koenen test, orifice diameter 1 mm) as well as UN Test 3(a) (BAM Fallhammer Test , impact energy 7.5 J).

Therefore, different mixtures of the dried presscake with sodium sulphate as inert desensitizing agent were prepared in order to suppress explosive properties: mixtures containing 23 %, 33 % and 55 % (w/w) sodium sulphate. UN Test series again were performed with the sodium sulphate mixtures to identify a mixture, which can be handled safely.

The mixture containing 33 % sodium sulphate is considered "positive" in the time pressure test according to UN tests 1(c) and 2(c) whereas the 55 % mixture is considered "negative" in both studies. Therefore an additional mixture containing 50 % sodium sulphate was tested in order to determine the boundary concentration for the desensitizing additive sodium sulphate. This mixture is considered "positive" in test 1(c) and "negative" in test 2(c).

Only the 55 % mixture achieved negative results in all tests.

conclusion: 55 % sodium sulphate is the minimum content to exclude explosive properties and for safe handling of the substance.

For this reason, the data according to Annex VII REACh regulation were determined with this mixture for the purpose of REACh registration exclusively.