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EC number: 201-200-2 | CAS number: 79-37-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Reliable with restrictions: 1) There is no data about GLP. 2) The study parameter "duration of exposure" was only 1 h instead of 4 hours (according to EC testing guideline B.2). 3) It is not documented how often the exposure concentration was measured during the exposure. Nevertheless the study is sufficient to accept the data, is scientifically acceptable and a well documented publication.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Acute Inhalation Toxicology of oxalyl chloride
- Author:
- S.J. Barbee, J.J. Stone, R.J. Hilaski
- Year:
- 1 995
- Bibliographic source:
- Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 56(1):74-76 (1995)
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.2 (Acute Toxicity (Inhalation))
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- exposure duration time is 1 h instead of 4 h
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- exposure duration time: 1 h
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- standard acute method
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Oxalyl dichloride
- EC Number:
- 201-200-2
- EC Name:
- Oxalyl dichloride
- Cas Number:
- 79-37-8
- Molecular formula:
- C2Cl2O2
- IUPAC Name:
- ethanedioyl dichloride
- Test material form:
- other: liquid
- Details on test material:
- The test material's purity is >= 99%. The supplier was Olin Corporation.
The imurities are not identified.
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Purity: >99.0%
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Sprague Dawley Crl:CD BR VAF/Plus from charles River Laboratories, Inc. in Protage, Mich.
weight range males on the day of exposure: 223-275 g
weight range females on the day of exposure: 159-199 g
The animals wer acclimated for a period of at least seven days prior to exposure.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- other: combination vapor/aerosol with 95% vapor
- Type of inhalation exposure:
- whole body
- Vehicle:
- air
- Mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD):
- >= 2.6 - <= 8 µm
- Geometric standard deviation (GSD):
- >= 3.03 - <= 4.25
- Details on inhalation exposure:
- The exposure concentrations were generated via a Harvard syringe drive model 22 and a Meinhard all-glass nebulizer TR-30-Al. Compressed air drove the nebulizer at 20 psig, which resulted in an air flow of 0.85 L/min. The material was delivered in 160 L stainless steal and glass exposure chamber through the center of the top turret. Dilution air was introduced though a side-arm on the top turret at 90° to the test material, imput with a Fischer Porter flowmeter. It was demonstrated that this design generates test atospheres of uniform distribution.
- Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The concentration of oxalyl chloride was indirectly determined by electrochemical determination of Chloride and calculation of of oxalyl chloride concentration .
- Duration of exposure:
- 1 h
- Concentrations:
- Group 1 462 ppm,
Group 2 866 ppm,
Group 3 1694 ppm,
Group 4 2233 ppm
Group 5 1232 ppm
Group 6 control - No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Group 1-4:
10 animals per dose group
5 animals per sex per dose group
Group 5:
six males
Group 6:
four males - Control animals:
- yes
- Details on study design:
- wholde body exposure
Results and discussion
- Preliminary study:
- No preliminary study was documented in the publication.
Effect levels
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect level:
- 1 840 ppm
- Based on:
- act. ingr.
- 95% CL:
- > 1 531 - < 2 210
- Exp. duration:
- 1 h
- Mortality:
- Group 1 462 ppm M 0/5 F 0/5
Group 2 866 ppm M 2/5 F 0/5
Group 3 1694 ppm M 3/5 F 2/5
Group 4 2233 ppm M 5/5 F 2/5
Group 5 1232 ppm M 0/4
Group 6 control M 0/4 - Clinical signs:
- other: The significant pharmaco-toxic signs noted immediately post-exposure and during the 14-day observation periiod was dyspnea with gasping, increased salivation and necrotic areas on forefeet and nose. The singsn were qualitativly similar in all groups, alth
- Body weight:
- Group 1: Body weight gain was normal for all animals in this group diring the entire post exposure period
Group 2-4: Body weight gain was decreased during the first week for both malees and females but returned to normal for both sexes diring the second week. - Gross pathology:
- Gross pathological changes included cloudiness of the eye with erosion and/or red discoloration of the cornea in all treated groups and red or dark red discoloration and red foci in the lungs in animals from Grpup 3,4 and 5.
- Other findings:
- Goup 5:
Increased lung trachea weight; microscopic examination: pulmonary edema
Acute bronchiolitis, involved terminal and respiratory brochioles
Exudate witin the alveoli (contained fibrin, neutrophils, macrophages and red blood cells) and congestion
This observation is indicative of an acute inflammatory reaction ocurring in the alveolar walls. the affected alveoli were frequently located around the terminal bronchioles. This histopathological changes were multifocal and involved all lobes of the lungs.
Any other information on results incl. tables
See attached background material "Results LC50"
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- toxic
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- The LC50 is 1840 ppm (vapor). Pulmonary edema appears to contribute significantly to mortality produced by oxalyl chloride.
- Executive summary:
The acute inhalation LC50 of oxalyl chloride was determined following a 1 h expsoure. Four groups of 10 animals per group (5 males and 5 females) were exposed to a concentration range of 462 -2233 ppm of an aerosol/vapor mixture with a vapor portion of 95%. One set of six animals was exposed to a concentration of 1232 ppm for 1 h to evaluate hisstopathological change to the lungs. The LC50 is 1840 ppm with a 95% confidence intervalbetween 1531 ppm and 2210 ppm. Microscopically, the lungs from the treated animals exhibited acute brochiolitis, exudate within the alveoli, and congestion. Pulmonary edema appears to contribute significantly to mortality produced by oxalyl chloride.
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