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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to microorganisms

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Administrative data

Link to relevant study record(s)

Referenceopen allclose all

Endpoint:
activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Reliability:
4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Summary from a review article. Original reference could not be retireved.
Justification for type of information:
See attached file
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across: supporting information
Principles of method if other than guideline:
BOD elimination performance in a simulated STP under various sodium chloride conentrations.
GLP compliance:
no
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
n.a.
Analytical monitoring:
no
Details on sampling:
n.a.
Vehicle:
no
Test organisms (species):
activated sludge
Test type:
not specified
Limit test:
no
Remarks on exposure duration:
no data
Hardness:
no data
Test temperature:
no data
pH:
no data
Dissolved oxygen:
no data
Salinity:
no data
Nominal and measured concentrations:
no data
Details on test conditions:
no data
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
5 000 - 8 000 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
inhibition of total respiration
Remarks:
respiration rate
Remarks on result:
other: No detectable changes in activated sludge performance with intermittent feed (5 days per week). This is suggested as NOEC.
Conclusions:
No detectable changes in activated sludge performance at 5000–8000 mg/L with intermittent feed (5 days per week). This is suggested as NOEC.
Endpoint:
toxicity to microorganisms
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Reliability:
4 (not assignable)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Summary from a review article. Original reference could not be retireved.
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Viable counts of various frehswater bacteria incl. Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli under different sallinity.
GLP compliance:
no
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
n.a.
Analytical monitoring:
no
Details on sampling:
n.a.
Vehicle:
no
Test organisms (species):
Escherichia coli
Details on inoculum:
pure culture
Test type:
not specified
Limit test:
no
Remarks on exposure duration:
no data
Hardness:
no data
Test temperature:
no data
pH:
no data
Dissolved oxygen:
no data
Salinity:
no data
Nominal and measured concentrations:
no data
Details on test conditions:
no data
Dose descriptor:
NOEC
Effect conc.:
292 - 584 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: stimulation of growth
Remarks on result:
other: the range describes the concentration where stimulation of growht occurs. This is suggested as NOEC.
Conclusions:
292-584 mg/L sodium chloride stimulates growth for a series of relevant fresh water micro organisms.
Endpoint:
toxicity to microorganisms
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
supporting study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment.
Principles of method if other than guideline:
Effect of different test material concentration on STP simulation units.
GLP compliance:
no
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
n.a.
Analytical monitoring:
no
Details on sampling:
n.a.
Vehicle:
no
Test organisms (species):
activated sludge
Details on inoculum:
pure culture
Test type:
not specified
Limit test:
no
Remarks on exposure duration:
no data
Hardness:
no data
Test temperature:
no data
pH:
no data
Dissolved oxygen:
no data
Salinity:
no data
Nominal and measured concentrations:
Unit 1: 8, 15, 320, 25, 30, 37.5, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45
Unit 2: 5, 10, 15, 20
Details on test conditions:
no data
Dose descriptor:
EC10
Effect conc.:
<= 35 000 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
other: suspended solids and COD in effluent.

Relative high concentration of sodium chloride (up to 35 g/L) have only a slight adverse impact on the performance of the activated sludge. Increase beyond 35 g/L caused abrupt increases in effluent suspended solid.

Conclusions:
EC10 (STP simulation)=35 g/L
Executive summary:

Relative high concentration of sodium chloride (up to 35 g/L) have only a slight adverse impact on the performance of the activated sludge. Increase beyond 35 g/L caused abrupt increases in effluent suspended solid.

Description of key information

No experimental data are available to assess the toxicity of the reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride to aquatic microorganisms. No information is available for calcium chloride but some information is available for sodium chloride.

Available data gives a wide range of NOEC estimates in simulated sewage treatment plants. However, no data has been identified from experiments comparable to the standard activated sludge inhibition protocol. In the absence of such data, the lower end of the reported multi-day exposure NOEC for BOD performance (i.e. respiration inhibition) after intermittent dosing of sodium chloride is used as key value.

There is no information supporting the fact that calcium chloride should be more toxic than sodium chloride to auqatic microorganisms. Accordingly, the data on sodium chloride (NOEC(multiday) = 5000 mg/L) is considered to appropriately reflect the toxicity of the reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC10 or NOEC for microorganisms:
5 000 mg/L

Additional information

No experimental data are available to assess the toxicity of the reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride to aquatic plants other than alge. Nevertheless, some information is available for sodium chloride (NaCl).

Sodium chloride in waste water treatment plant is well investigated as waste water treatement plant based on the sea shore may use sea water to flush the system. Sodium chloride can stimulate growth in pure cultures up to concentrations of 300 -600 mg/L. Activated sludge in simulated sewage treatment plants have a high tolerance for sodium chloride in waste water. While the available data gives wide ranges for the NOEC concentration in simulated sewage treatment plants, no data has been identified from experiments comparable to the standard activated sludge inhibition protocol. In the absence of such data, the lower end of the reported multi day exposure NOEC for BOD performance (i.e. respiration inhibition) after intermittent dosing of sodium chloride is used as key value (i.e. NOEC(multiday) = 5000 mg/L).

Both sodium chloride and calcium chloride are expected to exhibit a toxic effect to aquatic plants due to their impact on osmotic pressure. There is no information supporting the fact that calcium chloride should be more toxic than sodium chloride to aquatic plants other than algae. This is supported by the fact that numerous experimental data found similar LC/EC50 values for other kinds of aquatic organisms (including fish, aquatic invertebrates and aquatic algae and cyanobacteria).

 

Accordingly, the data on sodium chloride is considered to appropriately reflect the toxicity of the reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride.