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EC number: 700-172-3 | CAS number: 634-55-9
Surface tension
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- surface tension
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2010
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 010
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 115 (Surface Tension of Aqueous Solutions)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method A.5 (Surface Tension)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of method:
- ring method
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- ethyl 2-cyano-3-oxobutanoate
- EC Number:
- 700-172-3
- Cas Number:
- 634-55-9
- Molecular formula:
- C7 H9 NO3
- IUPAC Name:
- ethyl 2-cyano-3-oxobutanoate
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Surface tension
- Surface tension:
- ca. 66.9 mN/m
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Conc.:
- 1 g/L
Any other information on results incl. tables
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD AND RESULTS
1.Test objective
The objective of the test is to determine the surface tension of an aqueous solution or the free enthalpy of the surface per unit of surface expressed as mN/m.
2.Principle
Measurement of the maximum force, necessary to exert vertically, to separate a stirrup or a ring from its contact with the surface of the test liquid.
The reading noted on the apparatus are corrected by multiplication with the calibration factor of the apparatus. The maximum approximate accuracy of the force measurement is ± 10-6N.
The measurements are performed in a thermo-regulated room at about.
3.Method
3.1. Apparatus
Tensimat densimat
Balance
Thermometer
Stopwatch
3.2. Reagents
Demineralized water
3.3. Preparation
The ring method was used during the study.
The calibration of the apparatus was performed withdemineralizedwater.
Preparation of an aqueous solution of the test item: The concentration of this solution is 90% of the saturation solubility of the test item in water; when this concentration exceeds 1 g/L, a concentration of 1 g/L is used for testing. Several measurements were made at various times. In our case the solution was made at 1 g/L in demineralized water.
If the variations are lower than or equal to 2%, the state of equilibrium is considered as reached.
3.4. Analyses
Readings of the surface tension of the aqueous solution of test itemat, at each observation.
3.5. Data expression
Determination of the calibration factor(fb) of the apparatus, using the equation:
fb =s0 /sg
Where s0is
the value given in the literature for the surface tension of water (mN/m)
at.
sgis the measured value of the surface tension of water (mN/m) at about.
Correction of the mean of the measured values (mN/m) by multiplication with the calibration factor (fb).
The measured surface tension values were further corrected by a factor appearing in a table compiled on the basis of Harkins‑Jordan correction recommended by Commission Directive 92/69/EEC, Commission Regulation No. 440/2008 – EC A5 Method (2008) and OECD Guideline No. 115 described as follows:
TABLE: CORRECTION OF THE MEASURED SURFACE TENSION
Only for aqueous solutions = 1 g/cm3
R =(average ring radius) - r =(ring wire radius)
Experimental value (mN/m) |
Corrected value (mN/m) Water calibration |
|
Experimental value (mN/m) |
Corrected value (mN/m) Water calibration |
20 |
18.1 |
|
50 |
48.6 |
22 |
20.1 |
|
52 |
50.7 |
24 |
22.1 |
|
54 |
52.8 |
26 |
24.1 |
|
56 |
54.9 |
28 |
26.1 |
|
58 |
57.0 |
30 |
28.1 |
|
60 |
59.1 |
32 |
30.1 |
|
62 |
61.3 |
34 |
32.1 |
|
64 |
63.4 |
36 |
34.1 |
|
66 |
65.5 |
38 |
36.1 |
|
68 |
67.7 |
40 |
38.2 |
|
70 |
69.9 |
42 |
40.3 |
|
72 |
72.0 |
44 |
42.3 |
|
74 |
- |
46 |
44.4 |
|
76 |
- |
48 |
46.5 |
|
/ |
/ |
Remark:This table is similar to that in the DIN Standard (DIN 53914) for water and aqueous solutions (density: 1 g/cm3) andring wire radius. The table provides corrected values for surface-tension measurements taken after calibration with water.
Considering that demineralized water has a surface tension of 72.75 mN/m at, test items showing a surface tension lower than 60 mN/m under the conditions of this method should be regarded as being surface-active materials.
4.Results
4.1. Withdemineralizedwater
Assay No. 1 |
|
Assay No. 2 |
|
Assay No. 3 |
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Temperature(°C) |
20.0 |
|
Temperature(°C) |
19.9 |
|
Temperature(°C) |
20.1 |
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Time |
Surface tension (mN/m) |
|
Time |
Surface tension (mN/m) |
|
Time |
Surface tension (mN/m) |
||||||
T0 |
79.2 |
|
T0 |
79.4 |
|
T0 |
79.3 |
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T0+ |
5 |
min |
79.2 |
|
T0+ |
10 |
min |
79.4 |
|
T0+ |
10 |
min |
79.3 |
Results |
79.2 |
|
Results |
79.4 |
|
Results |
79.3 |
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Mean surface tension of water |
79.3 |
± |
0.2 |
mN/m |
at |
20 |
°C |
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Calibration factor: |
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φb = (σo/σg) = |
0.917 |
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Where |
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σo is 72.75 mN/m (surface of water at; value given in the literature). |
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σg is 79.3 mN/m (measured surface of test item at). |
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4.2. With test itemsolution
Preparation of the solution: A quantity ofof test item was weighed into a 500-mL volumetric flask. The volume was made up with demineralized water and the solution was manually stirring and magnetically stirring for about 10 minutes.
Assay No. 1 |
|
Assay No. 2 |
|
Assay No. 3 |
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Temperature(°C) |
20.1 |
|
Temperature(°C) |
20.0 |
|
Temperature(°C) |
20.0 |
||||||
Time |
Surface tension (mN/m) |
|
Time |
Surface tension (mN/m) |
|
Time |
Surface tension (mN/m) |
||||||
T0 |
73.8 |
|
T0 |
73.4 |
|
T0 |
73.6 |
||||||
T0+ |
5 |
min |
73.6 |
|
T0+ |
5 |
min |
73.2 |
|
T0+ |
10 |
min |
73.4 |
T0+ |
10 |
min |
73.6 |
|
T0+ |
10 |
min |
73.2 |
|
T0+ |
15 |
min |
73.4 |
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Assay |
Measurements(mN/m) |
Average corrected value using φb(mN/m) |
Average corrected value according to Harkins & Jordan table(mN/m) |
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State of equilibrium |
|||||||||||||
1 |
73.6 |
67.3 |
66.9 |
||||||||||
2 |
73.2 |
||||||||||||
3 |
73.4 |
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Mean |
73.4 |
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5.Conclusion
The mean surface tension of the test item at 1 g/L in demineralized water was 66.9±0.3 mN/m (corrected value).
The test item was not considered as surface-active in our experimental conditions.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The mean surface tension of the test item at 1 g/L in demineralized water was
66.9 ± 0.3 mN/m (corrected value).
The test item was not considered as surface-active in our experimental
conditions.
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