Aluminium tribenzoate

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

09 June 2017 - 16 June 2017

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Version / remarks:

13 April 2004

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Guidance document on aquatic toxicity testing of difficult substances and mixtures, OECD series on testing and assessment number 23

Version / remarks:

2000

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Correction factor for purity: 1.164 (the concentrations are reported as test item corrected for purity)
- Stability in water: stable

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Samples were taken from the control and the limit concentration (100 mg/L):
Frequency: at t=0 h and at t=48 h
Volume: 1.6 mL from the approx. centre of the test vessels
Storage: Samples were stored in a freezer (≤ 15°C) until analysis.

At the end of the exposure period, the replicates were pooled at each concentration before sampling.

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Correction factor for purity: 1.164
- Method: Direct application to the test medium: preparation of test solutions started with loading rates individually prepared at 1.2, 12 and 116 mg/L corresponding to 1.0, 10 and 100 mg test item corrected for purity/L, respectively. A 3 day period of magnetic stirring was applied to ensure maximum dissolution of the test item in medium. Thereafter, the aqueous Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFs) were filtered through a 0.45 µm membrane filter (RC55, Whatman) and used as test concentrations.
- Controls: Test medium without test item or other additives.
- Evidence of undissolved material: All test solutions were clear and colorless at the end of the preparation procedure.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia
- Age at study initiation: <24 hours
- Source: in-house laboratory culture with a known history, at least third generation, obtained by a cyclical parthenogenesis under specified breeding conditions. The daphnids originated from a healthy stock, 2nd to 5th brood, showing no signs of stress such as mortality >20%, presence of males, ephippia or discoloured animals and there was no delay in the production of the first brood.
- Age of parental stock: >2 weeks
- Feeding during test: no

BREEDING
- Breeding method: each batch was started with newborn daphnids, i.e. less than 3 days old, by placing about 250 of them into 5 litres of medium in an all-glass culture vessel. Cultures (maximum age of 4 weeks) were renewed after 7 days of cultivation by renewing the medium twice a week.
- Feeding: daily, a suspension of fresh water algae.
- Health during breeding period (any mortality observed): no mortality observed

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Hardness:

180 mg CaCO3/L

Test temperature:

20 - 21°C

pH:

Start: 7.6-8.0
End: 6.9-7.9

Dissolved oxygen:

Start: 8.3-8.6
End: 7.5-9.2

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations: WAF prepared at 1.2, 12 and 116 mg/L (corresponding to 1.0, 10 and 100 mg test item corrected for purity/L, respectively)
Mean measured concentration (100 mg/L test solution): t=0: 80.8 mg/L; t=48: 74.4
The highest concentration decreased to 92% of the initial concentrations at the end of the test. Because the test item appeared to remain stable during the exposure period, the effect concentrations were based on the initial measured concentration.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 60 mL, all-glass vessels, open, fill volume: 50 mL
- Aeration: no
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4 for the highest test concentration, 2 for the other test concentrations
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: tap water purified by Reverse Osmosis
- Culture medium different from test medium: yes, M7 medium
- Intervals of water quality measurement: at t=0 h and at t=48 h (dissolved oxygen and pH measurements)

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 hours daily

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: immobility at t=24 and t=48 hours

COMBINED LIMIT/RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: WAFs prepared at loading rates of 1.0 (ten daphnids), 10 (ten daphnids) and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: since no effects on mobility were observed, the results from the 100 mg/L test solution in the combined limit/range-finding test was reported as the final study.

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

potassium dichromate (June 2017)

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 81 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

other: test material corrected for purity

Basis for effect:

mobility

Details on results:

- Any abnormalities observed: no
- Mortality of control: no
- No immobility was observed in the highest tested concentration.
- In the analytical measurements, small traces of test item (<0.05 mg/L) were detected in the blank samples. It was considered that it has no significant effect on the results of the test samples.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- Concentrations tested: 0.10, 0.18, 0.32, 0.56, 1.0 and 1.8 mg/L
- Relevant effect levels: 48h-EC50: 0.59 mg/L, 95% CI: 0.52-0.66 mg/L
- Other: the results where within the expected range according to the historical data (>0.3 and <1.0 mg/L)

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

see 'overall remarks'

Conclusions:

The 48h-EC50 for Daphnia magna exposed to Aluminium tribenzoate was >81 mg/L based on the initial measured exposure concentration.

Executive summary:

In a short-term toxicity test, performed according to OECD guideline 202 and GLP principles, Aluminium tribenzoate was assessed for its potential toxicity towards Daphnia magna. Twenty daphnids were exposed to a blank control and a limit concentration of 100 mg/L each, whereas 10 daphnids were exposed to 1.0 and 10 mg/L each in a combined limit/range-finding test under static conditions for 48 hours. Exposure concentrations were reported as test item corrected for purity. Since the test item was poorly soluble, WAFs were individually prepared and the filtered test solutions were used in the test. Samples were taken from the control and the highest concentration at the start and at the end of the test for analysis. Results showed that the concentration at t=0 h was 81 mg/L and that this concentration remained stable during the exposure period (92% of the initial measured concentration at t=48 h). Therefore, the effect concentration was based on the initial measured concentration.

Incidence of immobility was recorded at t=24 and t=48. Since no immobility was observed during the exposure period at any of the concentrations, the 48h-EC50 for Daphnia magna exposed to Aluminium tribenzoate was determined to be >81 mg/L.

The acceptability criteria were met and the study was considered to be valid.

Description of key information

In a short-term toxicity test, performed according to OECD guideline 202 and GLP principles, Aluminium tribenzoate was assessed for its potential toxicity towards Daphnia magna.Twenty daphnids were exposed to a blank control and a limit concentration of 100 mg/L each, whereas 10 daphnids were exposed to 1.0 and 10 mg/L each in a combined limit/range-finding test under static conditions for 48 hours. Exposure concentrations were reported as test item corrected for purity. Since the test item was poorly soluble, WAFs were individually prepared and the filtered test solutions were used in the test. Samples were taken from the control and the highest concentration at the start and at the end of the test for analysis. Results showed that the concentration at t=0 h was 81 mg/L and that this concentration remained stable during the exposure period (92% of the initial measured concentration at t=48 h). Therefore, the effect concentration was based on the initial measured concentration.

Incidence of immobility was recorded at t=24 and t=48. Since no immobility was observed during the exposure period at any of the concentrations, the 48h-EC50 for Daphnia magna exposed to Aluminium tribenzoate was determined to be >81 mg/L.

The acceptability criteria were met and the study was considered to be valid.