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Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Endpoint:
in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
Type of information:
experimental study
Adequacy of study:
key study
Study period:
Nov 13 2001 - Feb 13, 2002
Reliability:
1 (reliable without restriction)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
guideline study

Data source

Reference
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2002
Report date:
2002

Materials and methods

Test guideline
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
Deviations:
no
GLP compliance:
yes (incl. QA statement)
Type of assay:
bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
Trimorpholinophosphine oxide
EC Number:
224-662-7
EC Name:
Trimorpholinophosphine oxide
Cas Number:
4441-12-7
Molecular formula:
C12H24N3O4P
IUPAC Name:
trimorpholinophosphine oxide
Test material form:
solid

Method

Target gene:
HIS operon (S. thyphimurium)
TRP operon (E. coli)
Species / strainopen allclose all
Species / strain / cell type:
S. typhimurium TA 1535
Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
his G 46, uvrB, rfa
Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
other: mutations in the histidine operon
Species / strain / cell type:
S. typhimurium TA 1537
Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
his C 3076, uvrB, rfa
Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
other: mutations in the histidine operon
Species / strain / cell type:
S. typhimurium TA 98
Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
his D 3052, uvrB, rfa + R-factor
Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
other: mutations in the histidine operon
Species / strain / cell type:
S. typhimurium TA 100
Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
his G 46, uvrB, rfa + R-factor
Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
other: mutations in the histidine operon
Species / strain / cell type:
S. typhimurium TA 102
Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
his G 428, rfa + R-factor
Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
other: mutations in the histidine operon
Species / strain / cell type:
E. coli WP2
Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
his C 3076, uvrB, rfa
Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
other: mutations in the tryptophan operon
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Metabolic activation system:
rat liver homogenate (S9 mix) with standard co-factors with metabolic activation (Aroclor)
Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
The test material concentrations were used selected according to the EC and OECD guidelines for this test system :
1. Series: 5, 15.8, 50, 158, 500, 1580, and 5000 µg/plate
2. Series: 50, 158, 500, 1580 and 5000 µg/plate
Vehicle / solvent:
water
Controls
Untreated negative controls:
yes
Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
no
True negative controls:
no
Positive controls:
yes
Positive control substance:
9-aminoacridine
N-ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
benzo(a)pyrene
cumene hydroperoxide
other: Daunomycin, 2-Aminoanthracene
Details on test system and experimental conditions:
3 parallel plates were used for each concentration step pf the test material and the positive controls. Twice as many solvent control plates (here: water) were used for each bacterial strain. The test was conducted in accordance with the plate incorporation methos described by Ames et al., 1975. Incubation of plates was performed at 37 °C for 2 to 3 days. Revertant coloniew were either scored using an Artek MiniCount colony counter or manually. The presence of background lawn was checked for each plate.

The assessment of test material-induced effects is dependent on the number of spontaneous revertants of each bacterial strain (solvent controls) and the increase in the number of revertants at the test material concentration which shows the highest number of colonies.
The following criteria, based upon the historical controls of the laboratory and statistical considerations, are established:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mean Number of Colonies Maximal Mean Number of Colonies over the Actual
(Solvent Control) Solvent Control
(Test Material)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

<=10 <=9 >=30
<=30 <=19 >=40
<=80 <=29 >=80
<=200 <=49 >=120
<=500 <=79 >=200
Assessment No increase Clear increase

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
All further results, ranging between "no" and "clear", are assessed as "weak increases".
Interpretations:
A test material is defined as non-mutagenic in this assay if "no" or "weak increases" occur in the first and second series of the main experiment.
("Weak increases" randomly occur due to experimental variation.)
A test material is defined as mutagenic in this assay if:
- a dose-related (over at least two test material concentrations) increase in the number of revertants is induced, the maximal effect is a "clear increase", and the effects are reproduced at similar concentration levels in the same test system;
- "clear increases" occur at least at one test material concentration, higher concentrations show strong precipitation or cytotoxicity, and the effects are reproduced at the same concentration level in the same test system.
In all further cases, a third test series with the bacterial strain in question should be performed.
If the criteria for a positive test result are not fulfilled in at least two out of the three series, the test material is defined as being non-mutagenic in this test system.
Evaluation criteria:
Accepatance of positive and negative controls: The following mean numbers of revertants are acceptable as negative controls:
TA98: 15-60
TA100: 75-200
TA102: 200-450
TA1535: 3-37
TA1537: 4-31
WP2uvrA: 10-70
Statistics:
n.a.

Results and discussion

Test resultsopen allclose all
Key result
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 98
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity
Vehicle controls validity:
not examined
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Key result
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 100
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity
Vehicle controls validity:
not examined
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Key result
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 102
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity
Vehicle controls validity:
not examined
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Key result
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 1537
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity
Vehicle controls validity:
not examined
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Key result
Species / strain:
S. typhimurium TA 1535
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity
Vehicle controls validity:
not examined
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Key result
Species / strain:
E. coli WP2 uvr A
Metabolic activation:
with and without
Genotoxicity:
negative
Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
no cytotoxicity
Vehicle controls validity:
not examined
Untreated negative controls validity:
valid
Positive controls validity:
valid
Additional information on results:
Precipitation on agar plates: no
Cytotoxicity: no

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
Interpretation of results: negative with and without metabolic activation
With and without addition of S9 mix as the external metabolizing system, the test material was not mutagenic under the experimental conditions described.
Executive summary:

Purpose

The purpose of this assay was to provide information on possible health hazards for the test material and serve as a rational basis for risk assessment to the genotoxic potential of the test item in man.

Study Design

The investigations for the mutagenic potential of the test material were performed using Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 102, TA 1535 and TA 1537, and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA. The plate incorporation test with and without addition of liver S9 mix from Aroclor 1254-pretreated rats was used. Two independent experimental series were performed.

Results

The test material was dissolved in water and tested at concentrations ranging from 5 to 5000 µg/plate. Precipitation of the test material on the agar plates was not observed. no evidence for toxicity to the bacteria has been obtained.

Daunomycin, N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, 9 -aminoacridine and cumene hydroperoxide served as strain specific positive control test materials in the absence of S9 mix. 2-Aminoanthracene and benzo[a]pyrene were used for testing the bacteria and the activity of the S9 mix. Each treatment with the test materials used as positive controls led to a clear increase in revertant colonies, thus, showing the expected reversion properties of all strains and good metabolic activity of the S9 mix used.

In both series of experiments, each performed with and without the addition of rat liver S9 mix as the external metabolizing system, the test material showed no increase in the number of revertants of any bacterial strain. According to the criteria for negative and positive results predetermined in the Study Protocol (cf also "Criteria for negative and positive results"), the test material was not mutagenic under the described experimental conditions.

Conclusion

With and without addition of S9 mix as the external metabolizing system, the test material was not mutagenic under the experimental conditions described.