Cadmium

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Remarks:

Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation

Type of information:

migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

not applicable

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: reliable with some restriction: method similar to OECD/EU test method, chemical: no purity reported; individual plate counts not known; no statistics

Cross-reference

Cross-reference 1

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to same study

Cross-reference 2

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Salmonella Mutagenicity tests: II. Results from testing of 270 chemicals

Author:

Mortelmans K, Haworth S, Lawlor T, Speck W, Tainer B and Zeiger E

Year:

1986

Bibliographic source:

Environmental Mutagenesis 8:1-119

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)

GLP compliance:

not specified

Type of assay:

bacterial gene mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Cadmium oxide

EC Number:

215-146-2

EC Name:

Cadmium oxide

Cas Number:

1306-19-0

Molecular formula:

CdO

IUPAC Name:

oxocadmium

Details on test material:

name of test substance: cadmium oxide

Method

Target gene:

not applicable

Species / strain

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):

not applicable

Additional strain / cell type characteristics:

not specified

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

Aroclor 1254-induced rat and hamster metabolic activation system

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

0, 3.3, 10.0, 33.0, 100.0, 333.0, 1000.0, 3333.0 µg/plate
3 plates per dose level

Vehicle / solvent:

Dimethylsulfoxide

Controls

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

True negative controls:

no

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

no

Remarks:

none

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

plate method of Ames (plate incorporation)
endpoint: gene mutation

Evaluation criteria:

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA: a reproducible and dose-related increase in the number of revertants over background even if the increase was less than twofold is considered to be a positive result. When the chemical elicited no increase in the number of revertants: non-mutagenic response. When there as an absence of a clear-cut dose-related increase in revertants; when the dose-related increase were not reproducible or when the response was of insufficient magnitude to support a determination of mutagenicity, the response was considered questionable.

Statistics:

no statistics reported

Results and discussion

Test results

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Remarks:

in vitro gene mutation

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Additional information on results:

none

Remarks on result:

other: all strains/cell types tested

Remarks:

Migrated from field 'Test system'.

Any other information on results incl. tables

none

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative

This study reported that CdO, dissolved in DMSO is not mutagenic in the used test system (Salmonella typhimurium) with or without metabolic activation.

Executive summary:

Mortelmans et al. (1986) reported that cadmium oxide was negative in Salmonella typhimurium with and without metabolic activation tested from 3.3-3333 μg CdO/plate.