(2RS,3RS)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-[(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]oxirane

Toxicity to terrestrial plants

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2009

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: EPPO Guideline PP 1/207 (1)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test)

GLP compliance:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Test substance: BAS 480 38 F (containing Epoxicnazole)
Purity Epoxiconazole: 83 g/L

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on preparation and application of test substrate:

before cultivation of the crops, BAS 480 38 F was incorporated into the soil. Dose rate was calculated for 3.0 l/ha BAS 480 38 F in the upper 10 cm of the soil which is twice the targeted registration rate.
Pots were filled 8 cm with untreated and treated soil. A total of 100 seeds or tubers were sown and covered with 1 cm of soil (untreated and treated).
All crops were sown five weeks after soil preparation. For sugar beet the trial was repeated and sown one week after soil preparation with an additional evaluation at GS 15.

Species:

Phaseolus vulgaris

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

Common name: Field bean
Variety: Bilbo

Species:

Zea mays

Plant group:

Monocotyledonae (monocots)

Details on test organisms:

Common name: corn
Variety: Amadeo

Species:

Lactuca sativa

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

Common name: lettuce
Variety: Clarion

Species:

Triticum aestivum

Plant group:

Monocotyledonae (monocots)

Details on test organisms:

Common name: Winter wheat
Variety: Cubus

Species:

Hordeum vulgare

Plant group:

Monocotyledonae (monocots)

Details on test organisms:

Common name: Winter barley
Variety: Carola

Species:

Lolium perenne

Plant group:

Monocotyledonae (monocots)

Details on test organisms:

Common name: Ryegrass

Species:

other: Trifolium alexandrinum

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

Common name: Egyptian clover

Species:

other: Solanum tuberosum

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

Common name: Potato

Species:

Avena sativa

Plant group:

Monocotyledonae (monocots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: the oat
- Plant family: Poaceae
- Variety: n.d.

Species:

Allium cepa

Plant group:

Monocotyledonae (monocots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: the onion
- Plant family: Lilaceae
- Variety: Red Baron

Species:

Brassica oleracea var. capitata

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: the cabbage
- Plant family: Brassicaceae
- Variety: Langendijker Dauerweiß

Species:

Pisum sativum

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: the pea
- Plant family: Leguminosae
- Variety: Progress

Species:

Daucus carota

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: the carrot
- Plant family: Umbelliferae
- Variety: Romosa

Species:

Helianthus annuus

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: the sunflower
- Plant family: Asteraceae
- Variety: Paccino

Species:

Brassica napus

Plant group:

Dicotyledonae (dicots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: oilseed rape
- Plant family: Brassicaceae
- Variety: Akela

Species:

Beta vulgaris

Plant group:

Monocotyledonae (monocots)

Details on test organisms:

- Common name: the sugar-beet
- Plant family: Umbelliferae
- Variety: Dorena

Test type:

seedling emergence toxicity / vegetative vigour test

Study type:

laboratory study

Substrate type:

artificial soil

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

14 d

Test temperature:

between 18 °C and maximum 22 °C;

pH:

6.3

Moisture:

about 70% relative humidity

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Testing facility: greenhouse cultivation at BASF Agricultural Center Limburgerhof.
- Test container (type, material, size): plastic, 12 cm diameter, 9 cm height
- Amount of soil: pots were filled 8 cm with untreated and treated soil
(Volume: π * (12 cm/2)² * 8 cm = 904.776 cm³)
- No. of seedlings: total of 10 seedlings
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 4
- No. of replicates per control: 4

SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE
- Soil taxonomic classification: Organic sand
- Composition:
- Salt content (g/l): 1.17
- N (mg/L): 97
- P (mg/L): 486
- K (mg/L): 394
- Mg (mg/L): 186
- Max. water holding capacity (Vol. %): 44.9
- Organic matter (%): 5.3
- pH: 6.3


GROWTH CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h light, 8 h dark
Temperatures: 18- 22 °C
- Watering regime and schedules: Water was applied to the crops by hand according to need


EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
Phytotoxicity was assessed as percentage of injured plants at GS 12 (e.g. scorch, stunting, deformations). Crops showing crop injury and or leaf deformations were repeated and evaluated at GS 12 and 15.
Germination was evaluated by counting the seedlings according to the ISTA-methods chapter 5, The Germination Test, 2004, at GS 12. Plant height was measured at GS 12.

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Test rates: 3.0 L BAS 480 38 F/ha (equivalent to 249 g/ha Epoxiconazole (Reg.No.205259) )

Nominal and measured concentrations:

nominal: 3.0 L BAS 480 38 F/ha (equivalent to 249 g Epoxiconazole /ha)

Species:

Brassica napus

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

> 0.166 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Remarks:

application rate of BASF 480 38 F: 3 L/ha

Basis for effect:

germination

Remarks:

phytotoxicity, plant height

Remarks on result:

other: Effect assessment at GS (growth stage) 12: ca. 14- 21 days

Species:

Hordeum vulgare

Duration:

10 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

> 0.166 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Remarks:

application rate of BASF 480 38 F: 3 L/ha

Basis for effect:

germination

Remarks:

phytotoxicity, plant height

Remarks on result:

other: Effect assessment at GS (growth stage) 12: ca. 10 days +/-

Species:

Lactuca sativa

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

> 0.166 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Remarks:

application rate of BASF 480 38 F: 3 L/ha

Basis for effect:

germination

Remarks:

phytotoxicity, plant height

Remarks on result:

other: Effect assessment at GS (growth stage) 12: ca. 14- 21 days

Species:

Lolium perenne

Duration:

10 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

> 0.166 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Remarks:

application rate of BASF 480 38 F: 3 L/ha

Basis for effect:

germination

Remarks:

phytotoxicity, plant height

Remarks on result:

other: Effect assessment at GS (growth stage) 12: ca. 10 days +/-

Species:

Phaseolus vulgaris

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

> 0.166 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Remarks:

application rate of BASF 480 38 F: 3 L/ha

Basis for effect:

germination

Remarks:

phytotoxicity, plant height

Remarks on result:

other: Effect assessment at GS (growth stage) 12: ca. 14- 21 days

Species:

other: Solanum tuberosum

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

> 0.166 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Remarks:

application rate of BASF 480 38 F: 3 L/ha

Basis for effect:

germination

Remarks:

phytotoxicity, plant height

Remarks on result:

other: Effect assessment at GS (growth stage) 12: ca. 14- 21 days

Species:

other: Trifolium alexandrinum

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

> 0.166 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Remarks:

application rate of BASF 480 38 F: 3 L/ha

Basis for effect:

germination

Remarks:

phytotoxicity, plant height

Remarks on result:

other: Effect assessment at GS (growth stage) 12: ca. 14- 21 days

Species:

Triticum aestivum

Duration:

10 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

> 0.166 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Remarks:

application rate of BASF 480 38 F: 3 L/ha

Basis for effect:

germination

Remarks:

phytotoxicity, plant height

Remarks on result:

other: Effect assessment at GS (growth stage) 12: ca. 10 days +/-

Species:

Allium cepa

Duration:

10 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

> 0.166 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Remarks:

application rate of BASF 480 38 F: 3 L/ha

Basis for effect:

germination

Remarks:

phytotoxicity, plant height

Remarks on result:

other: Effect assessment at GS (growth stage) 12: ca. 10 days +/-

Species:

Avena sativa

Duration:

10 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

> 0.166 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Remarks:

application rate of BASF 480 38 F: 3 L/ha

Basis for effect:

germination

Remarks:

phytotoxicity, plant height

Remarks on result:

other: Effect assessment at GS (growth stage) 12: ca. 10 days +/-

Species:

Brassica oleracea var. capitata

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

> 0.166 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Remarks:

application rate of BASF 480 38 F: 3 L/ha

Basis for effect:

germination

Remarks:

phytotoxicity, plant height

Remarks on result:

other: Effect assessment at GS (growth stage) 12: ca. 14- 21 days

Species:

Beta vulgaris

Duration:

10 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

> 0.166 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Remarks:

application rate of BASF 480 38 F: 3 L/ha

Basis for effect:

germination

Remarks:

plant height

Remarks on result:

other: Effect assessment at GS (growth stage) 12 and 15: 10 days +

Species:

Helianthus annuus

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

> 0.166 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Remarks:

application rate of BASF 480 38 F: 3 L/ha

Basis for effect:

germination

Remarks:

phytotoxicity, plant height

Remarks on result:

other: Effect assessment at GS (growth stage) 12: ca. 14- 21 days

Species:

Pisum sativum

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

> 0.166 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Remarks:

application rate of BASF 480 38 F: 3 L/ha

Basis for effect:

germination

Remarks:

phytotoxicity, plant height

Remarks on result:

other: Effect assessment at GS (growth stage) 12: ca. 14- 21 days

Species:

Daucus carota

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

> 0.166 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Remarks:

application rate of BASF 480 38 F: 3 L/ha

Basis for effect:

germination

Remarks:

phytotoxicity, plant height

Remarks on result:

other: Effect assessment at GS (growth stage) 12: ca. 14- 21 days

Species:

Zea mays

Duration:

10 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

> 0.166 mg/kg soil dw

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Remarks:

application rate of BASF 480 38 F: 3 L/ha

Basis for effect:

germination

Remarks:

phytotoxicity, plant height

Remarks on result:

other: Effect assessment at GS (growth stage) 12: ca. 10 days +/-

Details on results:

Germination: No significant differences in germination were observed between BAS 480 38 F treated and the untreated plots in all crops.

Phytotoxicity: No crop injury was observed in any of the tested crops. However, some of the sugar beet plants showed slight deformations on the first pair of leaves (GS 12) grown in the BAS 480 38 F treated soil.
In the repeated trial with sugar beets, leaf deformations were again observed in the BAS 480 38 F treated soil at GS 12. By GS 15 most of the plants did not show these deformations in the later emerged leaves.

Plant Height: No significant differences in plant height were observed between BAS 480 38 F treated and the untreated plots in all crops.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The means were compared by Tukey test at the 5% level.

Conversion path explanation:

Application rate: 3.0 L/ha * 83 g/L = 249 g/ha
Pot area: π * (12 cm/2)² = 113.097 cm² = 0.000001131 ha = 0.000282 g = 0.282 mg
Volume: π * (12 cm/2)² * 10 cm = 1130.97 cm³

Amount of soil: 1130.97 cm³ * 1.5 g/cm³ = 1696.46 g

              -->      0.282 mg / 1.697 kg = 0.166 mg / kg

 

Conclusions:

In conclusion of all studies condcuted, BAS 480 38 F does not have any practical implications on the cultivations of succeeding crops.

Description of key information

The NOAER (no observed adverse effect rate) for germination and plant height was 250 g/ha for all species. In terms of terrestrial ecotoxicity assessment the endpoint is a NOAER of 0.166 mg/kg dw.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for terrestrial plants:

0.166 mg/kg soil dw

Additional information

The toxicity of epoxiconazole to terrestrial plants was investigated in four studies according to OECD 208, considering various effect parameters like shoot length, phytotoxicity and dry weight for the determination of effect values.

The key OECD 208 (proposal) guideline study (BASF AG 2009; report no.: 2009/1114932) was performed with 16 different species (Oats Avena sativa, onion Allium cepa, cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata, oilseed rape Brassica napus, carrot Daucus carota, sunflower Helianthus annuus, winter barley Hordeum vulgare, lettuce Lactuca sativa, ryegrass Lolium perenne, pea Pisum sativum, field bean Phaseolus vulgaris, potato Solanum tuberosum, Egyptian clover Trifolium alexandrinum, winter wheat Triticum aestivum, corn Zea mays and sugar-beet Beta vulgaris). For this test the test substance was applied at the rate of 3 L/ha BAS 480 38 F (containing Epoxicnazole), corresponding to the epoxiconazole test rate of 250 g a.i./ha The test plants were cultivated in the greenhouse at BASF Agricultural Center Limburger Hof.

Before cultivation of the crops, BAS 480 38 F was incorporated into the soil with the set dose rate (3.0 l/ha) in the upper 10 cm of the soil which is twice the targeted registration rate.
Phytotoxicity was assessed as percentage of injured plants at GS 12 (e.g. scorch, stunting, deformations). Crops showing crop injury and or leaf deformations were repeated and evaluated at GS 12 and 15. Germination was evaluated by counting the seedlings according to the ISTA-methods chapter 5, The Germination Test, 2004, at GS 12. Plant height was measured at GS 12.

 

Assessments for phytotoxicity were done 6 days and 14 days after application. At study termination, the fresh weight of the aerial parts above ground was determined. The available data from this study are considered equivalent to data from a long-term study.

 

Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the test item has no effects on germination or plant height to non-target plants if applied at a rate of 250 g/ha.

The NOAEC (no observed adverse effect rate) for plant weight is > 250 g/ha for all tested plant species. In terms of terrestrial ecotoxicity assessment the endpoint is 14-d NOAER = 0.166 mg/kg dw.