3-(dimethylamino)-N,N-dimethylpropionamide

Genetic toxicity: in vitro

Administrative data

Endpoint:

in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2018-10-08 to 2018-10-22

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2019

Report date:

2019

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)

Version / remarks:

21 July 1997

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.13/14 (Mutagenicity - Reverse Mutation Test Using Bacteria)

Version / remarks:

30 May 2008

Test guideline 3

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 870.5100 - Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test (August 1998)

Version / remarks:

August 1998

Test guideline 4

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare and Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

Version / remarks:

24 November 2000

Test guideline 5

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: ICH S2(R1) guideline adopted June 2012 (ICH S2(R1) Federal Register. Adopted 2012; 77:33748-33749)

Version / remarks:

2012

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Type of assay:

bacterial reverse mutation assay

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

3-(dimethylamino)-N,N-dimethylpropionamide

EC Number:

241-304-5

EC Name:

3-(dimethylamino)-N,N-dimethylpropionamide

Cas Number:

17268-47-2

Molecular formula:

C7H16N2O

IUPAC Name:

3-(dimethylamino)-N,N-dimethylpropanamide

Test material form:

liquid

Method

Target gene:

histidine or tryptophan locus in the genome of five strains of bacteria

Species / strain

Species / strain 1

Species / strain / cell type:

S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100

Species / strain 2

Species / strain / cell type:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Metabolic activation system:

S9-mix

Test concentrations with justification for top dose:

Experiment 1 Plate Incorporation Method: 1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg/plate
Experiment 2 Pre-Incubation Method: 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500, 5000 µg/plate

Vehicle / solvent:

Sterile distilled water

Controls

Controls 1

Untreated negative controls:

yes

Negative solvent / vehicle controls:

yes

Remarks:

Sterile distilled water

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide

Controls 2

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

9-aminoacridine

Controls 3

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

N-ethyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine

Controls 4

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

other: 2-Aminoanthracene (2AA)

Controls 5

Positive controls:

yes

Positive control substance:

benzo(a)pyrene

Details on test system and experimental conditions:

- Test for Mutagenicity: Experiment 1 - Plate Incorporation Method
8 concentrations of the test item (1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg/plate) were assayed in triplicate against each tester strain, using the direct plate incorporation method.

Without Metabolic Activation:
0.1 mL of the appropriate concentration of test item, solvent vehicle or appropriate positive control was added together with 0.1 mL of one of the bacterial strain cultures and 0.5 mL of phosphate buffer to 2 mL of molten, trace amino-acid supplemented media containing. These were then mixed and overlayed onto a Vogel-Bonner agar plate. Negative (untreated) controls were also performed on the same day as the mutation test. Each concentration of the test item, appropriate positive, vehicle and negative controls, and each bacterial strain, was assayed using triplicate plates.

With Metabolic Activation:
The procedure was the same as described above, except that following the addition of the test item formulation and bacterial culture, 0.5 mL of S9-mix was added to the molten, trace amino-acid supplemented media instead of phosphate buffer.

All plates were incubated at 37 ± 3 °C for between 48 and 72 hours and scored for the presence of revertant colonies using an automated colony counting system. The plates were viewed microscopically for evidence of thinning (toxicity).

- Test for Mutagenicity: Experiment 2 – Pre-Incubation Method
6 concentrations of the test item (15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and 5000 µg/plate) were assessed.

Without Metabolic Activation:
0.1 mL of the appropriate bacterial strain culture, 0.5 mL of phosphate buffer and 0.1 mL of the test item formulation, solvent vehicle or 0.1 mL of appropriate positive control were incubated at 37 ± 3 °C for 20 minutes (with shaking) prior to addition of 2 mL of molten, trace amino-acid supplemented media and subsequent plating onto Vogel-Bonner plates. Negative (untreated) controls were also performed on the same day as the mutation test employing the plate incorporation method. All testing for this experiment was performed in triplicate.

With Metabolic Activation:
The procedure was the same as described above, except that following the addition of the test item formulation and bacterial strain culture, 0.5 mL of S9-mix was added to the tube instead of phosphate buffer, prior to incubation at 37 ± 3 °C for 20 minutes and addition of molten, trace amino-acid supplemented media. All testing for this experiment was performed in triplicate. Sporadic manual counts were performed due to spreading colonies which prevented an accurate automated count.

All of the plates were incubated at 37 ± 3 °C for between 48 and 72 hours and scored for the presence of revertant colonies using an automated colony counting system. The plates were viewed microscopically for evidence of thinning (toxicity)

Evaluation criteria:

test item is considered non-mutagenic (negative) in the test system if the below criteria are not met.
1. A dose-related increase in mutant frequency over the dose range tested (De Serres and Shelby, 1979).
2. A reproducible increase at one or more concentrations.
3. Biological relevance against in-house historical control ranges.
4. Fold increase greater than two times the concurrent solvent control for any tester strain (especially if accompanied by an out-of-historical range response (Cariello and Piegorsch, 1996)).
5. Statistical analysis of data as determined by UKEMS (Mahon et al., 1989).

Statistics:

Statistical significance was confirmed by using Dunnetts Regression Analysis (* = p < 0.05)

Results and discussion

Test results

Test results 1

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1535

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 2

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 1537

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 3

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 98

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 4

Species / strain:

S. typhimurium TA 100

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Test results 5

Species / strain:

E. coli WP2 uvr A

Metabolic activation:

with and without

Genotoxicity:

negative

Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:

no cytotoxicity

Vehicle controls validity:

valid

Untreated negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Any other information on results incl. tables

Prior to use, the master strains were checked for characteristics, viability and spontaneous reversion rate (all were found to be satisfactory).  The amino acid supplemented top agar and the S9-mix used in both experiments was shown to be sterile.  The test item formulation was also shown to be sterile.

Results for the negative controls (spontaneous mutation rates) were considered to be acceptable.  These data are for concurrent untreated control plates performed on the same day as the Mutation Test.

The vehicle (sterile distilled water) control plates gave counts of revertant colonies within the normal range.  All of the positive control chemicals used in the test induced marked increases in the frequency of revertant colonies, both with and without metabolic activation.  Thus, the sensitivity of the assay and the efficacy of the S9-mix were validated.

Experiment 1 (plate incorporation):

The maximum dose level of the test item in the first experiment was selected as the OECD TG 471 recommended dose level of 5000 µg/plate.  

There was no visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawn at any dose level, either in the presence or absence of metabolic activation (S9-mix).

No test item precipitate was observed on the plates at any of the doses tested in either the presence or absence of metabolic activation (S9-mix).

There were no significant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation (S9-mix).  

Experiment 2 (pre-incubation):

The maximum dose level of the test item in the second experiment was the same as for Experiment 1 (5000 µg/plate).

There was no visible reduction in the growth of the bacterial background lawn at any dose level, either in the presence or absence of metabolic activation (S9-mix).

No test item precipitate was observed on the plates at any of the doses tested in either the presence or absence of metabolic activation (S9-mix).

There were no biologically relevant increases in the frequency of revertant colonies recorded for any of the bacterial strains, with any dose of the test item, either with or without metabolic activation (S9-mix).  A minor statistical value was noted for TA1535 at 1500 µg/plate in the presence of S9-mix, however this response was within the in-house historical vehicle/untreated control range for the strain and was, therefore considered of no biological relevance.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

The test item was considered to be non-mutagenic with and without metabolic activation under the conditions of this test.