Reaction products of Resin acids and Rosin acids, sodium salts and barium chloride

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

02 June 2017 - 18 July 2017

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2017

Report date:

2017

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Version / remarks:

13 April 2004

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Guidance document on aquatic toxicity testing of difficult substances and mixtures, OECD series on testing and assessment number 23

Version / remarks:

2000

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Reaction products of Resin acids and Rosin acids, sodium salts and barium chloride

Molecular formula:

not applicable

IUPAC Name:

Reaction products of Resin acids and Rosin acids, sodium salts and barium chloride

Test material form:

solid: particulate/powder

Details on test material:

Name as cited in the report: Barium salts of resin acids and rosin acids
Appearance: light tan powder
Storage conditions: at room temperature desiccated

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Stability in water: stable

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Samples were taken from each concentration according to the schedule below.
Frequency: at t=0 h and at t=48 h
Volume: 2.0 mL from the approx. centre of the test vessels
Storage: Samples were stored in a freezer (≤ 15°C) until analysis.

At the end of the exposure period, the replicates were pooled at each concentration before sampling.

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Direct application to the test medium: preparation of test solutions started with loading rates individually prepared at a range of 1.0 to 100 mg/L. A 3-day period of magnetic stirring was applied to ensure maximum dissolution of the test item in test medium. Subsequently, the aqueous Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFs) were collected by means of filtration through a 0.45 µm membrane filter and used as test concentrations.
- Controls: Test medium without test item or other additives.
- Evidence of undissolved material: All test solutions were clear and colorless at the end of the preparation procedure and no Tyndall effects were observed in the final test, when checking with a laser pen.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia
- Age at study initiation: <24 hours
- Source: in-house laboratory culture with a known history, at least third generation, obtained by a cyclical parthenogenesis under specified breeding conditions. The daphnids originated from a healthy stock, 2nd to 5th brood, showing no signs of stress such as mortality >20%, presence of males, ephippia or discoloured animals and there was no delay in the production of the first brood.
- Age of parental stock: >2 weeks
- Feeding during test: no

BREEDING
- Breeding method: each batch was started with newborn daphnids, i.e. less than 3 days old, by placing about 250 of them into 5 litres of medium in an all-glass culture vessel. Cultures (maximum age of 4 weeks) were renewed after 7 days of cultivation by renewing the medium twice a week.
- Feeding: daily, a suspension of fresh water algae.
- Health during breeding period (any mortality observed): no

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Test conditions

Hardness:

180 mg CaCO3/L

Test temperature:

20 - 21°C

pH:

Start: 7.8-7.9
End: 8.1 - 8.2

Dissolved oxygen:

Start: 8.6 - 9.0
End: 8.5 - 8.9

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations: WAFs prepared at loading rates of 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/L
Mean measured concentration: 2.4, 7.6, 15, 26 and 41 mg/L in WAFs prepared at loading rates of 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/L, respectively.
At the start of the test, the actual test concentrations were 2.5, 8.6, 16, 31 and 48 mg/L in WAFs prepared 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/L, respectively. These concentrations decreased to 73-93% of the initial concentrations at the end of the test. Therefore, the mean measured concentrations were calculated.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 60 mL, all-glass vessels, open, fill volume: 50 mL
- Aeration: no
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: tap water purified by Reverse Osmosis
- Culture medium different from test medium: yes, M7 medium
- Intervals of water quality measurement: at t=0 h and at t=48 h (dissolved oxygen and pH measurements)

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 hours daily

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: immobility at t=24 and t=48 hours

COMBINED LIMIT/RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: WAFs prepared at loading rates of 1.0, (ten daphnids) 10 (ten daphnids) and 100 mg/L (twenty daphnids)
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes, at t=24 and t=48 all daphnids were immobilised at the highest test concentration and at t=48 hours 3 out of 10 daphnids were immobilised. Based on these results, the EC50 was expected to be between 10 and 100 mg/L.

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

potassium dichromate (June 2017)

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

9.3 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (geom. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat. (dissolved fraction)

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CI: 8.0-11 mg/L

Details on results:

- Abnormalities observed: no
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no, the test solutions were observed with a laser pen for a Tyndall effect which had a negative result. Also, microscopic observations showed that the test item did not stick to the daphnids.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- Concentrations tested: 0.10, 0.18, 0.32, 0.56, 1.0 and 1.8 mg/L
- Relevant effect levels: 48h-EC50: 0.59 mg/L, 95% CI: 0.52-0.66 mg/L
- Other: the results where within the expected range according to the historical data (>0.3 and <1.0 mg/L)

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The 24 and 48h-EC50-values were calculated using the Spearman-Karber method (without trim) on the percentages of affected daphnids and the logarithms of the corresponding average test item concentrations.

ToxRat Professional v 3.2.1 (ToxRat Solutions® GmbH, Germany) was used to perform the analyses.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

see 'overall remarks'

Conclusions:

The 48h-EC50 for Daphnia magna exposed to Barium salts of resin acids and rosin acids was 9.3 mg/L based on average exposure concentrations.

Executive summary:

In a short-term toxicity test, performed according to OECD guideline 202 and GLP principles, Barium salts of resin acids and rosin acids was assessed for its potential toxicity towards Daphnia magna. Twenty daphnids were exposed to each concentration under static conditions for 48 hours. Since the test item was poorly soluble, WAFs were individually prepared at loading rates of 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/L. Samples were taken from each concentration at the start and at the end of the test for analysis, which showed that the measured concentrations decreased 73 -93% of the initial concentrations measured at samples taken from t=0. Based on these results, the geometric mean exposure concentration were calculated to be 2.4, 7.6, 15, 26 and 41 mg/L.

Incidence of immobility was recorded at t=24 and t=48. The 48h-EC50 for Daphnia magna exposed to Barium salts of resin acids and rosin acids was determined to be 9.3 mg/L based on the geometric mean of measured concentrations.

The acceptability criteria were met and the study was considered to be valid.