2-chloro-4-nitrophenol

Skin irritation / corrosion

Administrative data

Endpoint:

skin irritation: in vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Justification for type of information:

Data is from peer reviewed journal.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Prediction of Skin Irritation from Organic Chemicals Using Membrane-Interaction QSAR Analysis

Author:

Kiran Kodithala, A. J. Hopfinger, Edward D. Thompson, and Michael K. Robinson

Year:

2002

Bibliographic source:

TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES 66, 336–346 (2002)

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: as mentioned below

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Skin irritation study was conducted on rabbits to determine the adverse effects caused by the chemical 2-CHLORO-4-NITROPHENOL (CAS No: 619-08-9) by performing Draize test.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

2-chloro-4-nitrophenol

EC Number:

210-578-8

EC Name:

2-chloro-4-nitrophenol

Cas Number:

619-08-9

Molecular formula:

C6H4ClNO3

IUPAC Name:

2-chloro-4-nitrophenol

Details on test material:

- IUPAC Name: 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol
- Common Name: Nitrofungin
- Mol. formula: C6H4ClNO3
- Molecular Weight: 173.555 g/mol
- Smiles: c1(cc(c(O)cc1)Cl)[N+](=O)[O-]
- InChI: 1S/C6H4ClNO3/c7-5-3-4(8(10)11)1-2-6(5)9/h1-3,9H

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- IUPAC Name: 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol
- Common Name: Nitrofungin
- Mol. formula: C6H4ClNO3
- Molecular Weight: 173.555 g/mol
- Smiles: c1(cc(c(O)cc1)Cl)[N+](=O)[O-]
- InChI: 1S/C6H4ClNO3/c7-5-3-4(8(10)11)1-2-6(5)9/h1-3,9H

Test animals

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

not specified

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

No data available

Test system

Type of coverage:

semiocclusive

Preparation of test site:

clipped

Remarks:

intact

Vehicle:

not specified

Controls:

not specified

Amount / concentration applied:

No data available

Duration of treatment / exposure:

4 hour

Observation period:

24, 48 and 72 hours

Number of animals:

6

Details on study design:

Details on study design
TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: clipped dorsum of the rabbit
- Type of wrap if used: The patches are secured by adhesive tape and the entire trunk of the animal is wrapped in a semi-occlusive dressing

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Time after start of exposure: 24hr

SCORING SYSTEM: According to Draize method. (Draize, 1944)

Results and discussion

In vivo

Results

Irritation parameter:

overall irritation score

Basis:

mean

Time point:

72 h

Score:

0.95

Max. score:

8

Reversibility:

not specified

Remarks on result:

positive indication of irritation

Irritant / corrosive response data:

mild irritation was observed in treated rabbits.

Any other information on results incl. tables

OBSERVATION TABLE

1.           Erythema and Eschar Formation               No erythema....................................................................................... 0               Very slight erythema (barely perceptible)............................................... 1               Well defined erythema......................................................................... 2               Moderate to severe erythema............................................................... 3               Severe erythema (beet redness) to slight               Eschar formation (injuries in depth)....................................................... 4               Maximum possible = 4

2.           Oedema Formation               No oedema......................................................................................... 0               Very slight edema (barely perceptible)................................................... 1               Slight edema (edges of area well defined by definite raising).................... 2               Moderate edema (raised approximately 1 mm........................................ 3               Severe edema (raised more than 1 mm and extending               Beyond area of exposure)......................................................................4                Maximum possible = 4

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Interpretation of results:

Category 2 (irritant) based on GHS criteria

Conclusions:

The PII value observed for the chemical was 0.95. Thus on the basis of score, the chemical 2-CHLOR0-4-NITROPHENOL (619-08-9) was considered to be mild irritant to skin.

Executive summary:

Skin irritation study was conducted to determine the adverse effects caused by the chemical 2-CHLORO-4-NITROPHENOL (CAS No:619-08-9) by performing Draize test.

 

In the Draize skin irritation test, the test material is introduced under gauze patches to intact sites on the clipped dorsum of the rabbit. Applications are normally made on 6 rabbits. The patches are secured by adhesive tape and the entire trunk of the animal is wrapped in a semi-occlusive dressing for 4 h. After 4 h the patches are removed, the test sites cleaned, and any resulting reaction graded for erythema and oedema. The reactions are also scored at 24, 48, and 72 h (Draize, 1944). Skin reactions are graded separately for erythema/eschar and edema, each on a 0–4 grading scale.

 

These grades are averaged across all animals and grading time points, and then the averages are combined to derive a primary index (PII). Test materials producing PII values less than 2 are considered mildly irritating, 2 to 5 are moderately irritating, and greater than 5 are severely irritating.

 

The PII value observed for the chemical was 0.95. Thus on the basis of score, the chemical 2-CHLOR0-4-NITROPHENOL (619-08-9) was considered to be mild irritant to skin.