Bromoacetic acid

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Administrative data

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

Not reported

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: The followed procedure is close to the actual guidelines. From that perspective, it is assured that the quality of the study is more than sufficient and the followed procedure are adequate.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1989

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Provisional procedure: extended toxicology test with Daphnia magna (determination of NOEC for reproduction rate, mortality and the time of the first appearance of offspring, 21d)" as of 1 January 1984.

Deviations:

not applicable

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The above guideline is issued as the recommandation of the Federal Environmental Agency on the performance of Testing according to section 5, para 1 No.3 of the Regulation on Application documents and evidence under the Chemicals Act" (Federal Environmental Agency).

GLP compliance:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Bromoacetic acid

EC Number:

201-175-8

EC Name:

Bromoacetic acid

Cas Number:

79-08-3

Molecular formula:

C2H3BrO2

IUPAC Name:

2-bromoacetic acid

Test material form:

other: Not reported in the publication

Details on test material:

No details reported in the publication

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Sample were taken twice from selected concentration levels of the test series during the test period and analyzed chemically. The first sampling took place on one of the transfer days before the 7th day, the second sampling took place between the 16th and the 21st day.

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Dilution step: ratio of 1:square root 10
- stock solution preparation 100 mg/L

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Strain/clone: IRCHA
- Feeding during test: yes
- Food type: dry algae - Scenedesmus genus
- Amount: 9 g of feed were suspended in 1000 mL tap water and 2 mL of the suspension were added to each beaker.
- Frequency: daily

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation conditions:
* Test vessel: 2L beakers
* Fill volume: 1.6L filled with Berlin tap water
* No. of organisms per vessel: 20-30 specimens - 24 hours old
* type of food: dry algae - Scenedesmus genus
Note: the offspring were removed daily from the cultures

Study design

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

21 d

Test conditions

Hardness:

German hardness 16°

Test temperature:

20°C

pH:

7.6-7.7

Dissolved oxygen:

oxygen staured tap water

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Initial concentrations of test substance: 0.032-100 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Type (delete if not applicable): covered with watch glasses
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 250 mL
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5 - 24 hours old
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
- Biomass loading rate: 1 animal/50mL

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: synthetic fresh water DIN - German Institute of Standardization, 1982 a,b)
Composition:
* 11.76 g CaCl2.2H2O (A.R)/1L deionized water
* 4.93 g MgSO4.7H2O (A.R)/1L deionized water
* 2.59 g NaHCO3 (A.R)/1L deionized water
* 0.23 g KCl (A.R)/1L deionized water
25 mL of each solution was pipetted into a gratuated flask and completed to 1 L with deionized water. The amount of calcium and magnesium ions in this solution was 2.5 mmol/L. The molar relationship of sodium to potassium ions was 10:1. This water was aerated up to the water saturation level and the pH value was measured (8.0+/-0.2). When using deionized water with a conductivity of < 1 µS cm-1, the dilution water was diluted with 10% tap water.

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 9 hours - between 7 am to 4 pm
- Light intensity: fluorescent lamps (Philips TL 65/33W)

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- offspring appearance
- dead/incapable of swimming

VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: No vehicle used

RANGE-FINDING STUDY: acute 24 h Daphnia test and a preliminary 3 d Daphnia test (same conditions as in the 21 d reproduction test).

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Effect concentrations 1

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

3.2 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

not specified

Effect concentrations 2

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

1.6 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

not specified

Details on results:

Effect data is not clearly reported in the publication. However, it is stated that the most sensitive parameter in the the 21 d reproduction test was the parent animal mortality.

Reported statistics and error estimates:

The parameters for fixing the NOEC of the substance were:
- mortality of the parent animals
- the reproduction rate
- appearance of the first offspring
The Student's t-test and the U-test were the statistical methods used to calculate the first two parameters. The U-test did not require the normal distribution of the test results and was more suitable for evaluating the 21 d daphnia reproduction test.
The results were expressed with reference to the nominal concentration. However, if the chemical analyses showed a loss of tested substance of more than 20%, then the lowest analysed concentration (minium value) obtained during the test was als given for the NOEC.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Based on the large study conducted for 73 environmentally relevant substance, the results after the 21 d reproduction test on Daphnia magna displayed a NOEC value of 3.2 mg/L and a LOEC value of 1.6 mg/L for the Monobromoacetic acid. As the Monobromoacetic acid is not bioaccumulative, has a log P<3.0 and is readily biodegradable, no classification of the Monobromoacetic acid is required for the environment.