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EC number: 202-796-7 | CAS number: 99-87-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- mixture of sewage, soil and natural water
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: collected from 10 sites in Japan (sludge, sewage, soil surface water)
- Concentration of sludge: 30 mg/L - Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- TOC removal
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- test mat. analysis
- Details on study design:
- - Test temperature: 25 +- 1 °C
- Concentration of test substance 100 mg/L
- Concentration of activated sludge 30 mg/L (as the concentration of suspended solid)
- Volume of testing solution 300 mL
- Duration of test 14 days
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 6 container (1 x water + test substance, 3 x sludge + test substance, 1 x sludge + reference substance, 1 x blank) - Reference substance:
- aniline
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 88
- Sampling time:
- 14 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (TOC removal)
- Value:
- 88.6
- Sampling time:
- 14 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (test mat. analysis)
- Value:
- 100
- Sampling time:
- 14 d
- Results with reference substance:
- Biodegradation rates of aniline after 7 and 14 days determined based on BOD were 53% and 87%, respectively, so the validity of the test conditions was confirmed.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test item is readily biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- June 1999
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- Fresh activated sludge from a biological waste water treatment plant treating predominantly domestic sewage (City of Geneva Aire) was used. The sludge is collected in the morning, washed 3 times in the mineral medium (centrifuging at 1000g for 10 minutes, discarding the supernatant and resuspending in mineral medium) and kept aerobic until being used on the same day.
The dry weight and suspended solids is determined by taking 50 ml samples of the homogenised sludge, evaporating the water on a steam bath, drying in an oven at 105-110 °C for two hours and weighing the residue. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 29 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Initial conc.:
- 3.22 mg/L
- Based on:
- ThOD
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- Equipment
Respirometer: SAPROMET D12, made by J.M VOITH Gmbh, D-7920 Heidenheim.
The water used in the study was deionised water containing <10 mg/l dissolved organic carbon.
Mineral medium preparation
Stock solution A, made up to 1 litre of water:
KH2PO4: 8.5 g
K2HPO4: 21.75 g
Na2HPO4.2H2O: 33.4 g
NH4Cl: 0.5 g
Stock solution B, made up to 1 litre of water:
CaCl: 27.5 g
Stock solution C, made up to 1 litre of water:
MgSO4.7H2O: 22.5 g
Stock solution D, made up to 1 litre of water:
FeCl3.6H2O: 0.25 g
HCl conc.: one drop
Prepared by mixing 50 ml of solution A and 2000 ml deionised water and adding 5 ml of each of solutions B, C and D. The pH is measured and if necessary adjusted to 7.4+-0.2 with phosphoric acid or potassium hydroxide.
Two replicate 250 ml flasks were filled with 250 ml of mineral medium and the following test solution concentrations:
- test substance at a concentration of 100 mg/l;
- positive control or reference substance (sodium benzoate) at a concentration of 100 mg/l; and
- control blank.
A volume of suspended sludge corresponding to 7.5 mg dry weight was then added to each flask. The pH of the resulting test solution was only then measured if the test substance is of acid of alkaline character, if not measured then the pH was assumed to be the same as the mineral medium. Neutral test substances such as sodium benzoate do not tend to alter the pH of the test solution by more than 0.1 pH unit. About 2 g of soda lime is place in the attachment of the stopper and the flasks are closed and place in the water bath of the SAPROMAT. After temperature and pressure equilibration, the oxygen meters of the instrument are set to zero (time zero of the experiment).
Oxygen consumption was recorded daily alongside temperature and stirrer checks. At the end of the test the pH is measured again.
A concurrent study examining the toxicity of the test substance to the inoculum was conducted according to the OECD 301 F technical guidance. Two replicate 250 ml flasks were filled with 250 ml of mineral medium and the test substance and the reference substance (sodium benzoate), at concentrations of 100 mg/l each. These were incubated alongside the other test items and had their daily oxygen consumption readings recorded. If the daily oxygen readings of these flasks were below that of the positive control/reference substance then the test chemical can be assumed to be inhibitory to the inoculum used. - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Test performance:
- Degradation of sodium benzoate (reference substance) exceeded 40% after 7 days and 65% after 14 days therefore the activity of the inoculum was verified and the test considered valid.
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 65
- Sampling time:
- 29 d
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 64
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- Oxygen uptakes as read on the SAPROMAT meters are corrected:
- by deducting the basic oxygen uptake of the sludge (blank control)
- proportionally to account for the small difference between actual and nominal concentrations of the test and reference substances.
The means of identical flasks were used to derive the final results. - Results with reference substance:
- Degradation of sodium benzoate exceeds 40% after 7 days and 65% after 14 days. At 28 days degradation was 98%.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- inherently biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- p-Cymene undergoes 65% biodegradation after 29 days. p-Cymene should be regarded as not readily but inherently biodegradable according to this test.
- Executive summary:
The biodegradability of p-cymene was tested according to OECD TG 301 F. p-Cymene should be regarded as inherently biodegradable according to this test and the guideline.
The test item undergoes 65% biodegradation after 29 days (64% after 28 days) in the test conditions. Biodegradation starts on day 3 and reaches 57% at the end of the 10 day window (days 3 to 13). Therefore, the test item should be regarded as not readily but inherently biodegradable. The curves obtained with the reference substance alone and with p-cymene and reference substance show no toxic effect of the test item to the micro-organisms at the test concentration.
Referenceopen allclose all
ThOD = 3.22 mg O2/l
Para Cymene - BOD mg O2/l, adjusted to nominal concentrations
Days |
3 |
7 |
13 |
21 |
28 |
29 |
||
BOD Sludge |
1st Flask |
B1 |
5 |
7 |
11.0 |
13.0 |
15.0 | 15.0 |
2nd Flask | B2 |
4.0 |
7.0 |
10.0 |
13.0 |
17.0 |
17.0 |
|
mean |
B |
4.5 |
7.0 |
10.5 |
13.0 |
16.0 |
16.0 |
|
BOD Test Substance |
1st flask |
C1 |
90.2 |
156.4 |
190.0 |
213.1 |
223.8 |
225.7 |
2nd flask |
C2 | 109.1 | 161.7 | 195.4 | 212.3 | 222.3 | 224.3 | |
1st fl. corr. | C1 -B | 85.7 | 149.4 | 179.5 | 200.1 | 207.8 | 209.7 | |
2nd fl. corr. | C2 -B | 104.6 | 154.7 | 184.9 | 199.3 | 206.3 | 208.3 | |
% degr. | 1st flask | D1 | 27 | 46 | 56 | 62 | 65 | 65 |
2nd flask | D2 | 32 | 48 | 57 | 62 | 64 | 65 | |
mean | D | 30 | 47 | 57 | 62 | 64 | 65 |
B=(B1 + B2) / 2
D1 = 100 * (C1 - B) / ThOD * [S]
D2 = 100 * (C2 - B) / ThOD * [S]
D = (D1 + D2) / 2
where [S]: initial test substance concentration.
Description of key information
readily biodegradable (88% after 14 days, OECD 301C)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
Two biodegradation test are available. The first study was performed according to OECD 301C. A mixture microorganisms obtained from sludge, sewage, surface water and soil was epxposed to 100 mg/L of the test substance. Based on BOD a bidegradation rate of 88 % wasobserved after 14 days. Based on this result the test item can be considered as readily biodegradable.
The second study the biodegradability of the test item was tested according to OECD TG 301 F and GLP. The test item undergoes 65% biodegradation after 29 days (64% after 28 days) in the test conditions. Biodegradation starts on day 3 and reaches 57% at the end of the 10 day window (days 3 to 13) and supports the results of the first study. The results of the toxicity control show no toxic effect of the test item to the micro-organisms up to a concentration of 100 mg/L.
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