Formic acid, manufacture of, by-products from

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Justification for type of information:

It is considered appropriate to address the data requirements for reaction mass of 2,2-bis(formyloxymethyl)propane-1,3-diyl diformate and formic acid by read-across to the available studies on structurally similar substances.
Reaction mass of 2,2-bis(formyloxymethyl)propane-1,3-diyl diformate and formic acid is comprised of formic acid (free) up to 59%, propylidynetrimethanol (trimethylolpropane, TMP) up to 35%, and pentaerythritol up to 19.6%.
Short-term fish toxicity studies are available on ammonium formate (which is structurally similar to formic acid), propylidynetrimethanol (trimethylolpropane, TMP), and pentaerythritol. The data requirements for reaction mass of 2,2-bis(formyloxymethyl)propane-1,3-diyl diformate and formic acid are addressed by read-across to ammonium formate, propylidynetrimethanol (TMP) and pentaerythritol.

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Ammonium formate, propylidynetrimethanol (trimethylolpropane, TMP), and pentaerythritol are being used as a read across for 2,2-bis(formyloxymethyl)propane-1,3-diyl diformate and formic acid.

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

130 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: Key data from ammonium formate study

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 10 g/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: Key data from TMP study

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: Key data from pentaerythritol study

Details on results:

The key data from short-term fish toxicity studies on ammonium formate, propylidynetrimethanol (trimethylolpropane, TMP), and pentaerythritol are used for weight of evidence read across to reaction mass of 2,2-bis(formyloxymethyl)propane-1,3-diyl diformate and formic acid.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The short-term toxicity of the target substance, reaction mass of 2,2-bis(formyloxymethyl)propane-1,3-diyl diformate and formic acid, to fish was estimated to be 96 h LC50 = >100 mg/L, based on a worst case read-across study on pentaerithritol exposure to O. latipes.

Executive summary:

Short-term studies are available on the acute toxicity to fish for the read-across substances ammonium formate, propylidynetrimethanol (trimethylolpropane, TMP) and pentaerythritol:

A 96 h acute toxicity test for ammonium formate was carried out using Danio rerio. The LC50 was found to be 130 mg/L.

The acute toxicity of TMP to the bleak (Alburnus alburnus) was determined in a static test with brackish water and with an exposure duration of 96 h. Six different concentrations, not further specified, were tested. The 96 h LC50 was determined to be >10,000 mg/L (as reported by Linden).

The 96 hour LC50 for Oryzias latipes exposed to pentaerythritol was observed to be >100 mg/L (the highest nominal exposure concentration tested).

Description of key information

The lowest available LC50 for acute toxicity to fish is 100 mg/l for pentaerythritol.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

100 mg/L

Additional information

Short-term studies are available on the acute toxicity to fish for the read-across substances ammonium formate, propylidynetrimethanol (trimethylolpropane, TMP) and pentaerythritol:

A 96-hour acute toxicity test for ammonium formate was carried out using Danio rerio. The LC50 was found to be 130 mg/l and the NOEC was found to be 90 mg/l.

The acute toxicity of TMP to the bleak (Alburnus alburnus) was determined in a static test with brackish water and with an exposure duration of 96 h. Six different concentrations, not further specified, were tested. The 96-h LC50 was determined to be greater than 1000 mg/L as reported by Bengtsson and > 10,000 mg/L as reported by Linden

The 96 hour LC50 for Oryzias latipes exposed to pentaerythritol was observed to be >100 mg/L (the highest nominal exposure concentration tested).