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EC number: 200-372-6 | CAS number: 58-27-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
In two internal references on oral toxicity, the LD50 for rats is determined to be 940 ± 150 and 1100 ± 116 mg/kg. In three studies in mice, the oral LD50 has been reported to be 350 ± 30, 1030 ± 165, and 500 mg/kg.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Acute toxicity: via oral route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1973
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: No raw data are included (calculated LD values only). No data on the number of animals per dose group. No data on clinical signs or gross pathology.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Mice were exposed to five concentrations of test substance on five consecutive days. Mortalities were recorded daily during the dosing and 10 days after the last dose. Body weight was measured before the first dose and 24h after the 5th dose.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- other: no details on study design
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Route of administration:
- oral: unspecified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on oral exposure:
- Animals were exposed on 5 consecutive days and observed for 10 days after the last dose.
- Doses:
- 125; 250; 600; 1000; 2000 mg/kg
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- no data
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Statistics:
- no
- Sex:
- not specified
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 1 030 mg/kg bw
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 4 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- The oral LD50 is 1030 ± 165 mg/kg.
- Executive summary:
The acute oral toxicity of menadione was tested in mice. The LD50 is 1030 ± 165 mg/kg, as determined 24h after the first dose.
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1973
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: No rough data are included (calculated LD values only). No data on the number of animals per concentrations. No data on clinical signs or gross pathology.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Rats were exposed to five concentrations of test substance on five consecutive days. Mortalities were recorded daily during the dosing and in the end of the study, on day 10 after the last dose. Body weight was measured before the first dose and 24h after the 5th dose.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- other: no details on study design
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Route of administration:
- oral: unspecified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on oral exposure:
- Animals were exposed on 5 consecutive days and observed for 10 days after the last dose.
- Doses:
- 125; 250; 500; 1000; 2000 mg/kg
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- no data
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Statistics:
- no
- Sex:
- not specified
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 1 100 mg/kg bw
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 4 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- The oral LD50 is 1100 ± 166 mg/kg.
- Executive summary:
The acute oral toxicity of menadione was tested in rats. The LD50 is 1100 ± 166 mg/kg, as determined 24h after the first dose.
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1976
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: No raw data are included (calculated LD values only). No data on the number of animals per concentrations. No data on clinical signs or gross pathology.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Mice were exposed to five concentrations of test substance on five consecutive days. The animals were observed during the dosing and 10 days after last dose. Body weight was measured before the first dose and 24h after the 5th dose.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- other: no study details provided
- Limit test:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- no specific data given
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Route of administration:
- oral: unspecified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on oral exposure:
- The test substance was administered on 5 consecutive days and the animals were observed for 10 days after the last dose.
- Doses:
- 31.25; 62.5; 125; 250; 500 mg/kg
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- not specified
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Statistics:
- no
- Sex:
- not specified
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 350 mg/kg bw
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 4 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- The oral LD50 is 350 ± 30 mg/kg.
- Executive summary:
The acute oral toxicity of menadione was tested in mice. The LD50 is 350 ± 30 mg/kg 24h after the first dose.
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Study period:
- 1976
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: No raw data are included (calculated LD values only). No data on the number of animals per concentrations. No data on clinical signs or gross pathology.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Rats were exposed to five concentrations of test substance on five consecutive days. The animals were observed to 10 days after last dose. Body weight was measured before the first dose and 24h after the 5th dose.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- other: no study details provided
- Limit test:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- no specific data given
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Route of administration:
- oral: unspecified
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on oral exposure:
- The test substance was administered on 5 consecutive days and the animals were observed during the dosing and 10 days after the last dose for mortalities.
- Doses:
- 125; 250; 500; 1000; 2000 mg/kg
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- not specified
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Statistics:
- no
- Sex:
- not specified
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 940 mg/kg bw
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 4 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- The oral LD50 is 940 ± 150 mg/kg.
- Executive summary:
The acute oral toxicity of menadione was tested in rats. The LD50 is 940 ± 150 mg/kg, as determined 24h after the first dose.
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: No data on necropsy or clinical data signs reported. Animals observed up to 3 days.
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Mice were exposed to menadione once by oral gavage and monitored up to 3 days after the dose.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- other: acute toxicity
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- other: white mice
- Sex:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Animal weight 18-20 g
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- other: peanut or sesame oil
- Remarks:
- not specified, which was used for menadione
- Details on oral exposure:
- Administration orally through a blunt metal cannula; volume of administration 0.25 cc per 20g animal weight. The control animals received vehicle at 0.5 cc per 20 g of body weight.
- Doses:
- 100; 200; 400; 600; 800; 1000; 1200 mg/kg
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 20 mice (sex not specified)/dose
- Control animals:
- yes
- Remarks:
- 20, received vehicle only
- Details on study design:
- Animals were exposed to the test item and observed frequently during the first 5 hours, and then once daily for 3 consecutive days.
- Statistics:
- no
- Sex:
- not specified
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 500 mg/kg bw
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 4 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- Oral LD50 is 500 mg/kg.
- Executive summary:
White mice (20/group) were exposed once to menadione dissolved in peanut or sesame oil at seven dose levels. The animals were observed up to three days after the dose; mortalities were counted and the LD50 was derived. The oral LD50 is 500 mg/kg.
Referenceopen allclose all
The mortalities are given in the table below, number of animals is not specified. No difference in body weight gain was observed between the groups from the beginning of the study to day 6, when the weights were recorded.
Dose (mg/kg) |
Day 1 |
2000 |
100% |
1000 |
40% |
500 |
0% |
250 |
0% |
125 |
0% |
Derived LD50 (mg/kg) |
1030 ± 165* |
* 24h after the 1stdose
The mortalities are given in the table below, number of animals is not specified. No difference in body weight gain was observed between the groups from the beginning of the study to day 6, when the weights were recorded.
Dose (mg/kg) |
Day 1 |
2000 |
100% |
1000 |
40% |
500 |
0% |
250 |
0% |
125 |
0% |
Derived LD50 (mg/kg) |
1100 ± 166* |
* 24h after the 1stdose
The mortalities are given in the table below, number of animals is not specified. No difference in body weight gain was observed between the groups from the beginning of the study to day 6, when the weights were recorded.
Dose (mg/kg) |
Day 1 |
500 |
100% |
250 |
0% |
125 |
0% |
62.5 |
0% |
31.25 |
0% |
Derived LD50 (mg/kg) |
350 ± 30* |
* 24h after the 1stdose
The mortalities are given in the table below, number of animals is not specified. No difference in body weight gain was observed between the groups from the beginning of the study to day 6, when the weights were recorded.
Dose (mg/kg) |
Day 1 |
2000 |
100% |
1000 |
70% |
500 |
0% |
250 |
0% |
125 |
0% |
Derived LD50 (mg/kg) |
940 ± 150* |
* 24h after the 1stdose
The following mortalities were reported, number of animals is not specified.
Dose (mg/kg) |
Mortality |
1200 |
100% |
1000 |
100% |
800 |
95% |
600 |
50% |
400 |
35% |
200 |
0 |
100 |
0 |
Derived LD50 (mg/kg) |
500 |
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 350 mg/kg bw
- Quality of whole database:
- Five reports on oral acute toxicity of menadione are available. All of these pre-guideline- and pre-GLP studies conducted in the 1970s and early 1940s are equally low in their reliability. Applying the weight-of-evidence principle, menadione is classified as GHS Acute toxicity category 4.
Additional information
Justification for classification or non-classification
Five reports on oral acute toxicity of menadione are available. In two internal references, the LD50 for rats is determined to be 940 ± 150 and 1100 ± 116 mg/kg. In three studies in mice, the oral LD50 has been reported to be 350 ± 30, 1030 ± 165, and 500 mg/kg. All of these pre-guideline- and pre-GLP studies conducted in the 1970s and early 40s are equally low in their reliability. Applying the weight-of-evidence principle, menadione is classified as GHS Acute toxicity category 4.
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