9-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3,6-bis(ethylamino)-2,7-dimethylxanthylium, salt with 4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1-(4-sulphophenyl)-4-[(4-sulphophenyl)azo]-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (3:1)

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

LD50 was estimated to be 6519 mg/kg bw when Wistar male and female rats were orally exposed with Wistar.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Acute toxicity: via oral route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: oral

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

Data is predicted using OECD QSAR toolbox version 3.3 and the supporting QMRF report has been attached

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: as below

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Prediction is done using QSAR Toolbox version 3.3

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

no

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Name of test material (IUPAC name): 9-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3,6-bis(ethylamino)-2,7-dimethylxanthylium ; 9-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3,6-bis(ethylamino)-2,7-dimethylxanthylium, salt with 4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1-(4-sulphophenyl)-4-[(4-sulphophenyl)azo]-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (3:1)
- Molecular formula: C28H31N2O3.1/3C16H9N4O9S2
- Molecular weight: 1796.09 g/mole
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

not specified

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on oral exposure:

not specified

Doses:

6519 m/kg bw

No. of animals per sex per dose:

3

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

not specified

Statistics:

not specified

Preliminary study:

not specified

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

6 519 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

Remarks on result:

other: 50 % mortality observed

Mortality:

not specified

Clinical signs:

other: not specified

Gross pathology:

not specified

Other findings:

not specified

The prediction was based on dataset comprised from the following descriptors: LD50
Estimation method: Takes average value from the 5 nearest neighbours
Domain  logical expression:Result: In Domain

((((((((((("a" or "b" or "c" or "d" )  and ("e" and ( not "f") )  )  and ("g" and ( not "h") )  )  and ("i" and ( not "j") )  )  and ("k" and ( not "l") )  )  and "m" )  and "n" )  and ("o" and ( not "p") )  )  and "q" )  and ("r" and ( not "s") )  )  and ("t" and "u" )  )

Domain logical expression index: "a"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Esters (Chronic toxicity) AND Not categorized by US-EPA New Chemical Categories

Domain logical expression index: "b"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found AND Non-specific AND Non-specific >> Incorporation into DNA/RNA, due to structural analogy with  nucleoside bases    AND Non-specific >> Incorporation into DNA/RNA, due to structural analogy with  nucleoside bases    >> Specific Imine and Thione Derivatives AND Radical AND Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) AND Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Specific Imine and Thione Derivatives AND SN1 AND SN1 >> Nucleophilic substitution on diazonium ions AND SN1 >> Nucleophilic substitution on diazonium ions >> Specific Imine and Thione Derivatives by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.3

Domain logical expression index: "c"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found AND SN1 AND SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation AND SN1 >> Nitrenium Ion formation >> Secondary aromatic amine by DNA binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "d"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Esters OR Inorganic Compound OR Schiff Bases-Azomethine OR Vinyl/Allyl Ethers by Aquatic toxicity classification by ECOSAR ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "e"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.3

Domain logical expression index: "f"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as AN2 OR AN2 >> Carbamoylation after isocyanate formation OR AN2 >> Carbamoylation after isocyanate formation >> N-Hydroxylamines OR AN2 >> Michael-type addition on alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds OR AN2 >> Michael-type addition on alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds >> Four- and Five-Membered Lactones OR AN2 >> Schiff base formation by aldehyde formed after metabolic activation OR AN2 >> Schiff base formation by aldehyde formed after metabolic activation >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation after aldehyde release OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation after aldehyde release >> Specific Acetate Esters OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation for aldehydes OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation for aldehydes >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation for aldehydes >> Haloalkane Derivatives with Labile Halogen OR Non-covalent interaction OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Coumarins OR Radical OR Radical >> Generation of ROS by glutathione depletion (indirect) OR Radical >> Generation of ROS by glutathione depletion (indirect) >> Haloalkanes Containing Heteroatom OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Coumarins OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> N-Hydroxylamines OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> p-Substituted Mononitrobenzenes OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Single-Ring Substituted Primary Aromatic Amines OR SN1 OR SN1 >> Carbenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Carbenium ion formation >> Alpha-Haloethers OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after carbenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after carbenium ion formation >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after diazonium or carbenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after diazonium or carbenium ion formation >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation >> N-Hydroxylamines OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation >> Single-Ring Substituted Primary Aromatic Amines OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> p-Substituted Mononitrobenzenes OR SN2 OR SN2 >> Acylation OR SN2 >> Acylation >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group  OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group  >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group  >> Haloalkane Derivatives with Labile Halogen OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group after metabolic activation OR SN2 >> Acylation involving a leaving group after metabolic activation >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR SN2 >> Alkylation, nucleophilic substitution at sp3-carbon atom OR SN2 >> Alkylation, nucleophilic substitution at sp3-carbon atom >> Haloalkane Derivatives with Labile Halogen OR SN2 >> Alkylation, nucleophilic substitution at sp3-carbon atom >> Sulfonates and Sulfates OR SN2 >> Alkylation, ring opening SN2 reaction OR SN2 >> Alkylation, ring opening SN2 reaction >> Four- and Five-Membered Lactones OR SN2 >> Direct acting epoxides formed after metabolic activation OR SN2 >> Direct acting epoxides formed after metabolic activation >> Coumarins OR SN2 >> Direct acting epoxides formed after metabolic activation >> Quinoline Derivatives OR SN2 >> DNA alkylation OR SN2 >> DNA alkylation >> Vicinal Dihaloalkanes OR SN2 >> Internal SN2 reaction with aziridinium and/or cyclic sulfonium ion formation (enzymatic) OR SN2 >> Internal SN2 reaction with aziridinium and/or cyclic sulfonium ion formation (enzymatic) >> Vicinal Dihaloalkanes OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom >> Haloalkanes Containing Heteroatom OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 carbon atom after thiol (glutathione) conjugation OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 carbon atom after thiol (glutathione) conjugation >> Geminal Polyhaloalkane Derivatives OR SN2 >> Ring opening SN2 reaction OR SN2 >> Ring opening SN2 reaction >> Sultones OR SN2 >> SN2 at an activated carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 at an activated carbon atom >> Quinoline Derivatives OR SN2 >> SN2 at sp3-carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 at sp3-carbon atom >> Alpha-Haloethers OR SN2 >> SN2 attack on activated carbon Csp3 or Csp2 OR SN2 >> SN2 attack on activated carbon Csp3 or Csp2 >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.3

Domain logical expression index: "g"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Non binder, without OH or NH2 group by Estrogen Receptor Binding

Domain logical expression index: "h"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Non binder, impaired OH or NH2 group OR Non binder, MW>500 OR Non binder, non cyclic structure OR Strong binder, OH group by Estrogen Receptor Binding

Domain logical expression index: "i"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by Protein binding by OASIS v1.3

Domain logical expression index: "j"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis >> Amides OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis or thiolysis OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis or thiolysis >> Activated aryl esters  OR Acylation >> Ring opening acylation OR Acylation >> Ring opening acylation >> Active cyclic agents  OR Michael Addition OR Michael Addition >> Michael addition on conjugated systems with electron withdrawing group OR Michael Addition >> Michael addition on conjugated systems with electron withdrawing group >> alpha,beta-Carbonyl compounds with polarized double bonds  OR Nucleophilic addition OR Nucleophilic addition >> Addition to carbon-hetero double bonds OR Nucleophilic addition >> Addition to carbon-hetero double bonds >> Ketones OR SN2 OR SN2 >> SN2 Reaction at a sp3 carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 Reaction at a sp3 carbon atom >> Activated alkyl esters and thioesters  OR SNAr OR SNAr >> Nucleophilic aromatic substitution on activated aryl and heteroaryl compounds OR SNAr >> Nucleophilic aromatic substitution on activated aryl and heteroaryl compounds >> Activated aryl and heteroaryl compounds by Protein binding by OASIS v1.3

Domain logical expression index: "k"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by Protein binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "l"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> Direct Acylation Involving a Leaving group OR Acylation >> Direct Acylation Involving a Leaving group >> Acetates OR SN2 OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at sp3 carbon atom >> Allyl acetates and related chemicals by Protein binding by OECD

Domain logical expression index: "m"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No superfragment by Superfragments ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "n"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Not bioavailable by Lipinski Rule Oasis ONLY

Domain logical expression index: "o"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Non-Metals by Groups of elements

Domain logical expression index: "p"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Halogens by Groups of elements

Domain logical expression index: "q"

Similarity boundary:Target: CCNc1cc2c(cc1C)C(c1ccccc1C(=O)OCC)c1cc(C)c(NCC)cc1O2
Threshold=10%,
Dice(Atom centered fragments)
Atom type; Count H attached; Hybridization

Domain logical expression index: "r"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Not categorized by Repeated dose (HESS)

Domain logical expression index: "s"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Phthalate esters (Testicular toxicity) Rank C by Repeated dose (HESS)

Domain logical expression index: "t"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= 5.19

Domain logical expression index: "u"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= 8.84

Interpretation of results:

Category 5 based on GHS criteria

Conclusions:

The LD50 was estimated to be 6519 mg/kg bw when Wistar male and female rats were orally exposed with Wistar.

Executive summary:

In an prediction done by SSS (2017) using the OECD QSAR toolbox with log kow as the primary descriptor, the acute oral toxicity was estimated for 9-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3,6-bis(ethylamino)-2,7-dimethylxanthylium. The LD50 was estimated to be 6519 mg/kg bw when Wistar male and female rats were orally exposed with Wistar.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Value:

6 519 mg/kg bw

Quality of whole database:

Data is Klimisch 2 and from OECD QSAR toolbox

Acute toxicity: via inhalation route

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Acute toxicity: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Acute oral toxicity:

In different studies, 9-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3,6-bis(ethylamino)-2,7-dimethylxanthylium has been investigated for acute oral toxicity to a greater or lesser extent. Often are the studies based on in vivo experiments and estimated data in rodents, i.e. most commonly in rats along with the study available on structurally similar read across substance 2-(3,6-dihydroxy-2,4,5,7-tetraiodoxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid, aluminium salt ( CAS no 12227-78-0). The predicted data using the OECD QSAR toolbox has also been compared with the experimental studies.

In a prediction done by SSS (2017) using the OECD QSAR toolbox with log kow as the primary descriptor, the acute oral toxicity was estimated for 9-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3,6-bis(ethylamino)-2,7-dimethylxanthylium. The LD50 was estimated to be 6519 mg/kg bw when Wistar male and female rats were orally exposed with Wistar.

In another experimental study conducted by Sustainability Support Services (Europe) AB, Sweden (OECD GPL lab, 2016) on structurally similar read across substance 2-(3,6-dihydroxy-2,4,5,7-tetraiodoxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid, aluminium salt ( CAS no 12227-78-0), female Sprague Dawley rats were treated with 2-(3,6-dihydroxy-2,4,5,7-tetraiodoxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid, aluminium salt as per OECD 423. Initially, three female animals were treated at the dose level of 300 mg/kg body weight of the test item (Step - I). Administration of the test item at 300 mg/kg did not result in any signs of toxicity and mortality at 24 hours after the dosing. As no mortality was observed at 24 hours after the dosing, three female animals were added to the study and treated with the same dose of 300 mg/kg of the test item (Step - II). Administration of the test item at 300 mg/kg did not result in any signs of toxicity and mortality after the dosing. No mortality was observed at 300 mg/kg dose group, hence additional three female animals were treated with the higher dose of 2000 mg/kg of the test item (Step - I). Administration of the test item at 2000 mg/kg resulted in diarrhoea (reddish colour stools) in all animals with onset at 4 hours and no mortality after the dosing. As no mortality were observed at 24 hours after the dosing, hence additional three female animals were treated with the higher dose of 2000 mg/kg of the test item (Step - II). Administration of the test item at 2000 mg/kg resulted in diarrhoea (reddish colour stools) in all animals with onset at 4 hours and no mortality after the dosing. All animals from 300 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg dose groups survived through the study period of 14 days. Staining of the stool is attributed to the reddish colour of the test item. Gross pathological examination did not reveal any abnormalities in animals from 300 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg dose groups. It was concluded that the acute oral median lethal dose (LD50) of 2-(3,6-dihydroxy-2,4,5,7-tetraiodoxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid, aluminium salt, when administered to Sprague Dawley rats was found to be > 2000 mg/kg body weight. LD50 cut off value was 5000 mg/kg body weight. Category evaluation as per the Classification System. Thus, by considering the CLP criteria for acute toxicity rating for the chemicals, it infers that 2-(3,6-dihydroxy-2,4,5,7-tetraiodoxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid, aluminium salt falls into the “Category 5” which is relatively nontoxic.

Thus, based on the above studies and predictions on 9-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3,6-bis(ethylamino)-2,7-dimethylxanthylium and its read across substances, it can be concluded that LD50 value is greater than 2000 mg/kg bw. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation, 9-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3,6-bis(ethylamino)-2,7-dimethylxanthylium can be classified as category V of acute oral toxicity.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Based on the above studies and predictions on 9-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3,6-bis(ethylamino)-2,7-dimethylxanthylium and its read across substances, it can be concluded that LD50 value is greater than 2000 mg/kg bw. Thus, comparing this value with the criteria of CLP regulation, 9-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3,6-bis(ethylamino)-2,7-dimethylxanthylium can be classified as category V of acute oral toxicity.