7-[[2-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-4-[(4-amino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]phenyl]azo]naphthalene-1,3,6-trisulphonic acid

Toxicity to reproduction

Administrative data

Endpoint:

one-generation reproductive toxicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Justification for type of information:

Data is from peer-reviewed journal.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

STUDY OF THE TERATOGENIC POTENTIAL OF FD & C RED NO. 40 WHEN GIVEN BY GAVAGE TO RATS

Author:

T. F. X. COLLINS, T. N. BLACK, J. J. WELSH and L. H. BROWN

Year:

1989

Bibliographic source:

Fd Chem. Toxic. Vol. 27, No. 11, pp. 707-713. 1989

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

no guideline available

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The present study was conducted to determine the reproductive toxicity potential of FD & C RED NO. 40 (CAS No.- 25956-17-6) in rats.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

Disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(2-methoxy-4-sulphonato-m-tolyl)azo]naphthalene-2-sulphonate

EC Number:

247-368-0

EC Name:

Disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(2-methoxy-4-sulphonato-m-tolyl)azo]naphthalene-2-sulphonate

Cas Number:

25956-17-6

Molecular formula:

C18H16N2O8S2.2Na

IUPAC Name:

disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(2-methoxy-3-methyl-4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(2-methoxy-4-sulphonato-m-tolyl)azo]naphthalene-2-sulphonate
(ALLURA RED AC)
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: solid

Specific details on test material used for the study:

SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: Certified Batch No. AA-4181, was obtained from Buffalo Color Corporation (Buffalo, NY, USA).

Test animals

Species:

rat

Sex:

female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: FDA rat breeding colony
- Age at study initiation: female: 12 - 21 wk
- Weight at study initiation:female: 220 - 270 g
- Fasting period before study: no data
- Housing: Stainless-steel hanging cages.
- Use of restrainers for preventing ingestion (if dermal): no
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Purina Laboratory Chow ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: no data

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21 - 25 deg C
- Humidity (%): 30 - 63%
- Air changes (per hr): no data
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12-hr light/dark cycle (8 am - 8 pm).

IN-LIFE DATES: From: To: no data

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Type of inhalation exposure (if applicable):

not specified

Vehicle:

water

Details on exposure:

FD & C Red No. 40, Certified Batch No. AA-4181 was dissolved in distilled water (w/v). Fresh solutions were prepared daily and administered by gavage in a volume of 1 ml/100 g body weight, at approximately the same time each day. Controls received an equivalent volume of distilled water.

Details on mating procedure:

- M/F ratio per cage: 1:2
- Length of cohabitation: 1 day
- Proof of pregnancy: sperm in vaginal smear was considered day 0 of gestation
- After ... days of unsuccessful pairing replacement of first male by another male with proven fertility: no data
- Further matings after two unsuccessful attempts: no data
- After successful mating each pregnant female was caged (how): no data
- Any other deviations from standard protocol: no data

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

not specified

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Gestation day 0 to day 19

Frequency of treatment:

Daily

Details on study schedule:

not specified

Doses / concentrations

Doses / concentrations 1

Dose / conc.:

0 mg/kg bw/day

Doses / concentrations 2

Dose / conc.:

30 mg/kg bw/day

Doses / concentrations 3

Dose / conc.:

75 mg/kg bw/day

Doses / concentrations 4

Dose / conc.:

150 mg/kg bw/day

Doses / concentrations 5

Dose / conc.:

300 mg/kg bw/day

Doses / concentrations 6

Dose / conc.:

600 mg/kg bw/day

Doses / concentrations 7

Dose / conc.:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day

No. of animals per sex per dose:

42 - 43 female/dose group.

Control animals:

yes, concurrent vehicle

Details on study design:

not specified

Positive control:

not specified

Examinations

Parental animals: Observations and examinations:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: No data
- Time schedule: No data
- Cage side observations checked in table [No.?] were included. No data

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: No data
- Time schedule: No data

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: The rats were weighed daily.

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study): Food consumption was measured weekly.
- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean daily diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/day: No data
- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: No data

WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if drinking water study): Water intake was not measured.
- Time schedule for examinations: no data

Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):

not specified

Sperm parameters (parental animals):

not specified

Litter observations:

Each live foetus was promptly weighed, sexed and examined for gross external malformations, and the crown-rump length was measured. Any foetus that weighed less than 70% of the average weight of the concurrent male or female controls was considered to be a runt.

Postmortem examinations (parental animals):

On day 20 of gestation, starting at 1 pm, the females were examined for gross abnormalities for the last time before being killed by CO2, asphyxiation. Caesarean sections were performed. Corpora lutea were counted. The uterus was opened and examined in situ. The uterine positions of all implantation sites were noted and their condition (early or late resorptions, living or dead foetuses) was determined.

Postmortem examinations (offspring):

Approximately one-half of the foetuses were fixed in alcohol, stained with Alizarin Red S and examined under a dissecting microscope for all skeletal variations. The remaining half of the foetuses were fixed in Bouin's solution, serially sectioned by razor blade and examined under a dissecting microscope for internal variations of the soft tissues.

Statistics:

All data analyses were performed by the Division of Mathematics at the FDA. Data on maternal initial body weights and food consumption were analysed by straight analysis of variance (ANOVA) and two-tailed t-test, and a regression analysis. The number of dams affected was analysed by a Fisher's exact test. Data on maternal weight gain were submitted to an analysis of covariance (ANOCOVA) and a two-tailed t-test. Data on the numbers of implants, corpora lutca, total viable young and viable males and females were analysed by ANOVA followed by a one-tailed t-test. Data on implantation efficiency, early deaths, late deaths and total resorptions (early and late deaths) were transformed by using the Freeman-Tukey arc-sine transformation (Freeman and Tukey, 1950) and then analysed by ANOVA and a one-tailed t-test. Data on litters having one or more or two or more resorptions were analysed by a Fisher's exact test. Similar tests were applied to the number of runts per litter. Data on foetal body weights, crown-!o-rump lengths and foetal ossified vertebrae were analysed by nested ANOVA and a one-tailed t-test. The ANOVA included a correction for unequal sample size (Sokal and Rohlf, 1981). Data on the average number of foetuses per litter with skeletal, sternebral, combined missing plus incomplete plus bipartite sternebrae or soft-tissue variations were transformed by using the Frceman-Tukey arc-sine transformation and then analysed by ANOVA and a one-tailed t-test. Litters with foetuses with at least one, at least two, etc. skeletal, sternebral, combined missing plus incomplete plus bipartite sternebrae, or soft-tissue variations, and specific variations were analysed by Fisher's exact test.

Reproductive indices:

not specified

Offspring viability indices:

not specified

Results and discussion

Results: P0 (first parental generation)

General toxicity (P0)

Clinical signs:

not specified

Dermal irritation (if dermal study):

not specified

Mortality:

not specified

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Initial body weight at day 0 and maternal body-weight gain during gestation were similar in all groups.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Mean food consumption on days 0-7, 7-14, 14-20 and 0-20 by the treated animals was similar to that of the control animals.

Food efficiency:

not specified

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not specified

Ophthalmological findings:

not specified

Haematological findings:

not specified

Clinical biochemistry findings:

not specified

Urinalysis findings:

not specified

Behaviour (functional findings):

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

No unusual behaviours were observed in the animals during the study.

Immunological findings:

not specified

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not specified

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

not specified

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

not specified

Other effects:

not specified

Reproductive function / performance (P0)

Reproductive function: oestrous cycle:

not examined

Reproductive function: sperm measures:

not examined

Reproductive performance:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

The pregnancy rate ranged from 85.71 to 95.35% with no evidence of dose correlation.
The mean numbers of corpora lutea and implants per female were similar in all groups. No litters were totally resorbed.

Details on results (P0)

In the present study, no dose-related maternal effects occurred when FD & C Red No. 40 was given by gavage.

Effect levels (P0)

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

body weight and weight gain

food consumption and compound intake

reproductive performance

Remarks on result:

other: No effect observed

Target system / organ toxicity (P0)

Critical effects observed:

not specified

System:

other: not specified

Organ:

not specified

Treatment related:

not specified

Dose response relationship:

not specified

Relevant for humans:

not specified

Results: P1 (second parental generation)

Effect levels (P1)

Remarks on result:

not measured/tested

Results: F1 generation

General toxicity (F1)

Clinical signs:

not specified

Dermal irritation (if dermal study):

not specified

Mortality / viability:

no mortality observed

Description (incidence and severity):

The mean number of viable foetuses per female was similar in all groups.
The number of early deaths per litter and the number of early plus late deaths per litter were greatest in the 600 mg/kg group, but these appeared to be random occurrences. The percentage of females with at least one resorption was similar in all groups. The percentage of females given 600mg/kg that had at least two resorptions was significantly greater than the percentage in the control females, but there was no dose related effect in the percentage of females with at least two resorptions.

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Description (incidence and severity):

Mean foetal weights of males and females and crown rump lengths were similar in all groups. The number of litters with runts was similar in all groups.

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

not specified

Food efficiency:

not specified

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

not specified

Ophthalmological findings:

not specified

Haematological findings:

not specified

Clinical biochemistry findings:

not specified

Urinalysis findings:

not specified

Sexual maturation:

not specified

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

not specified

Gross pathological findings:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Aside from haemorrhages present in foetuses in all groups in similar numbers, there were no other external variations in any of the dosed groups. Two foetuses had multiple anomalies: one foetus from the control group had a club foot, a short tail and four digits on the hind legs, and one foetus from the 150-mg/kg group had exencephalus and hydrocephalus. Three foetuses in a single litter of a female given 75 mg/kg were oedematous.

Histopathological findings:

not examined

Other effects:

not specified

Developmental neurotoxicity (F1)

Behaviour (functional findings):

not specified

Developmental immunotoxicity (F1)

Developmental immunotoxicity:

not specified

Details on results (F1)

No dose-related changes were seen in foetal viability, body weight, body length, sex distribution or external variations. Skeletal and soft-tissue development appeared similar in foetuses of all groups. The isolated increases that occurred in the number of male foetuses, number of females with two or more resorptions, number of litters with three or more sternebral variations and incidence of 14th rib bud are considered random occurrences and were not related to dosage.

Effect levels (F1)

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Generation:

F1

Effect level:

1 000 mg/kg bw/day

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

male/female

Basis for effect level:

viability

body weight and weight gain

histopathology: non-neoplastic

Remarks on result:

other: No developmental toxicity was observed.

Target system / organ toxicity (F1)

Critical effects observed:

not specified

System:

other: not specified

Organ:

not specified

Treatment related:

not specified

Dose response relationship:

not specified

Relevant for humans:

not specified

Results: F2 generation

Effect levels (F2)

Remarks on result:

not measured/tested

Overall reproductive toxicity

Reproductive effects observed:

not specified

Treatment related:

not specified

Relation to other toxic effects:

not specified

Dose response relationship:

not specified

Relevant for humans:

not specified

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

NOAEL was considered to be 1000 mg/kg bw for P and F1 generation when Osborne-Mendel female rat were treated with FD & C RED NO. 40 orally by gavage from Gestation day 0 to day 19.

Executive summary:

In a one-generation reproductive toxicity, Osborne-Mendel female rat were treated with FD & C RED NO. 40 in the concentration of 0, 30, 75, 150, 300, 600 and 1000 mg/ kg bw orally by gavage from Gestation day 0 to day 19. Initial body weight at day 0 and maternal body-weight gain during gestation were similar in all groups. Mean food consumption on days 0-7, 7-14, 14-20 and 0-20 of treated animals was similar to that of the control animals. Similarly, No unusual behaviors were observed in the animals during the study. The pregnancy rate ranged from 85.71 to 95.35% with no evidence of dose correlation. The mean numbers of corpora lutea and implants per female were similar in all groups. No litters were totally resorbed were observed as compared to control. In addition, the mean number of viable foetuses per female was similar in all groups. The number of early deaths per litter and the number of early plus late deaths per litter were greatest in the 600 mg/kg group, but these appeared to be random occurrences. The percentage of females with at least one resorption was similar in all groups. The percentage of females given 600 mg/kg that had at least two resorptions was significantly greater than the percentage in the control females, but there was no dose related effect in the percentage of females with at least two resorptions.Mean foetal weights of males and females and crown rump lengths were similar in all groups. The number of litters with runts was similar in all groups. The isolated increases that occurred in the number of male foetuses, number of females with two or more resorptions, number of litters with three or more sternebral variations and incidence of 14^thrib bud are considered random occurrences and were not related to dosage. Therefore, NOAEL was considered to be 1000 mg/kg bw for P and F1 generation when Osborne-Mendel female rat were treated with FD & C RED NO. 40 orally by gavage from gestation day 0 to day 19.