Hydrocarbons, C3-4

Auto flammability

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

auto-ignition temperature (gases)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Auto-ignition temperature:

460 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Remarks on result:

other: Standard pressure assumed

Conclusions:

The auto-flammability temperature of 2-methylpropane (isobutane) is 460°C.

Executive summary:

The auto-flammability temperature of 2 -methylpropane (isobutane) is 460˚C. This information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

auto-ignition temperature (gases)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Auto-ignition temperature:

287 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Remarks on result:

other: Standard pressure assumed

Conclusions:

The auto-flammability temperature of butane is 287°C.

Executive summary:

The auto-flammability temperature is 287˚C. This information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

auto-ignition temperature (gases)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP status not known, guideline not known, information from a published handbook, acceptable with restrictions

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Auto-ignition temperature:

472 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Remarks on result:

other:

Conclusions:

The self-ignition temperature for ethane is 472˚C.

Executive summary:

No information on the primary source of the data or the methods used is available. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint. Most up to date source at the time. The self-ignition temperature for ethane is 472˚C.

Reference 4

Endpoint:

auto-ignition temperature (gases)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP status not known, information from a published handbook, acceptable with restrictions

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Remarks:

No data reported

Key result

Auto-ignition temperature:

450 °C

Atm. press.:

other: Not specified

Remarks on result:

other: Information from a reliable published handbook

No further details provided

Conclusions:

The autoflammability temperature of ethylene is 450°C.

Executive summary:

The autoflammability temperature of ethylene is 450°C. No information on the methods used is available. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.

Reference 5

Endpoint:

auto-ignition temperature (gases)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Remarks:

No data reported

Auto-ignition temperature:

537 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Remarks on result:

other:

Conclusions:

The auto-flammability temperature of methane is 537˚C.

Executive summary:

The auto-flammability temperature of methane is 537˚C. This information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.

Reference 6

Endpoint:

auto-ignition temperature (gases)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Remarks:

No data reported

Auto-ignition temperature:

450 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Remarks on result:

other: Standard pressure assumed.

Conclusions:

The auto-flammability temperature of propane is 450°C.

Executive summary:

The auto-flammability temperature of propane is 450˚C. This information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint.

Reference 7

Endpoint:

auto-ignition temperature (gases)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

23 Mar 2008 - 09 May 2008

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Study followed a standard guideline, there are minor limitations in reporting but is considered adequate for assessment

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: DIN EN 14522 (Verfahren S)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

not specified

Auto-ignition temperature:

364 °C

Atm. press.:

>= 998 - <= 1 021 mBar

Remarks on result:

other:

Value is reduction of the lowest temperature value at the absolute deviation

Table1: Experimental results

Test	Lowest temperature that leads to ignition (°C)	Injected sample volume (ml)	Ignition delay (s)
1	371	0.01	3
2	373	0.06	2
3	370	0.03	4

Conclusions:

The auto-ignition temperature of 95465-89-7 is 364°C.

Executive summary:

The study followed a standard guideline, there were minor limitaions in reporting but otherwise the study is considered reliable for assessment. The auto-ignition temperature of 95465-89-7 is 364°C.

Reference 8

Endpoint:

auto-ignition temperature (gases)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: GLP non compliant, guideline not known, information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Remarks:

No data reported

Auto-ignition temperature:

420 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Remarks on result:

other:

No further details reported

Conclusions:

The auto ignition temperature of 1,3-butadiene is 420˚C.

Executive summary:

The auto ignition temperature of 1,3-butadiene is 420˚C. No information on the test method used is available. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint. In addition, this value is consistent with the value cited in the EU RAR (2002) for 1,3-butadiene.

Reference 9

Endpoint:

auto-ignition temperature (gases)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Auto-ignition temperature:

385 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Remarks on result:

other:

No further information reported

Conclusions:

The autoflammability of but-1-ene is 385˚C

Executive summary:

No information on the test method used is available in the handbook. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint. The autoflammability of but-1-ene is 385˚C.

Reference 10

Endpoint:

auto-ignition temperature (gases)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data

GLP compliance:

not specified

Auto-ignition temperature:

>= 324 - <= 345 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Remarks on result:

other:

No further information

Conclusions:

The autoflammability of 2-butene ranges from 324 to 345°C.

Executive summary:

No information on the test method used is available in the handbook. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint. The autoflammability of 2-butene ranges from 324 to 345°C.

Reference 11

Endpoint:

auto-ignition temperature (gases)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Auto-ignition temperature:

465 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Remarks on result:

other:

No further information reported

Conclusions:

The autoflammability of 2-methylpropene is 465˚C

Executive summary:

No information on the test method used is available in the handbook. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint. The autoflammability of 2 -methylpropene is 465˚C.

Reference 12

Endpoint:

auto-ignition temperature (gases)

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non-GLP, non-guideline, Information from published handbook, acceptable with restrictions.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The use of secondary sources of data is acceptable when they are based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed data and a consequent selection of a reliable and representative value for the property under investigation. The introduction to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics states that data for physical constants have been taken from many sources, including both compilations and the primary literature. Where conflicts were found, the value deemed most reliable was chosen. Therefore, although the method used is not known, the values presented here are acceptable as they are from a reliable secondary source of phys chem. data

GLP compliance:

not specified

Auto-ignition temperature:

>= 324 - <= 465 °C

Atm. press.:

1 013 hPa

Remarks on result:

other:

Conclusions:

The autoflammability of butene ranges from 324-465°C

Executive summary:

No information on the methods used. However, this information is taken from a reliable peer reviewed handbook and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use as the key study for this endpoint. The autoflammability of butene ranges from 324 - 465°C

Description of key information

The autoflammability temperature of the substances in the category ranges from 287°C to 537°C.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Autoflammability / Self-ignition temperature at 101 325 Pa:

426 °C

Additional information

Data are available for 95465-89-7 from a proprietary study conducted according to standard guidelines. The autoflammability temperature of 95465-89-7 is 364°C.

Data from the CRC handbook (Lide 2008) were available for the substances methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, 2-methylpropane (isobutane), 2-methylpropene, butane, butene, 1-butene, 2-butene, and 1,3-butadiene. Data from the Merck handbook (O’Neill 2006) were available for methane and ethane and were used as supporting data. The information is taken from reliable peer reviewed handbooks and so can be considered reliable and suitable for use for this endpoint. The autoflammability temperature of methane is 537°C, ethane is 472°C, ethylene is 450ºC, propane is 450°C, 2-methylpropane (isobutane) is 460ºC, 2-methylpropene is 465ºC, butane is 287ºC, butene is from 324 to 465ºC, 1-butene is 385ºC, 2-butene is 324 to 345ºC, and 1,3-butadiene is 420ºC.

The data available for these substances can be read across to other members of the category. The mean of the autoflammability temperature values for the category is 426°C and this has been used to complete the 'key value for chemical safety assessment'. This value may change for streams that do not contain 1,3 -butadiene.