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EC number: 200-664-3 | CAS number: 67-68-5
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Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Comparable to guideline study
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Salmonella mutagenicity tests: V. Results from the testing of 311 chemicals
- Author:
- Zeiger E; Anderson B; Haworth S; Lawlor T; Mortelmans K
- Year:
- 1 992
- Bibliographic source:
- Environ. Mol. Mutagen, Vol 19, Suppl. 21, pp. 2-141
- Reference Type:
- other: NTP web site
- Title:
- Results for this Salmonella study's detailed data, CAS no. 67-68-5
- Author:
- NTP
- Year:
- 1 987
- Bibliographic source:
- http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchhome&crumbspot=1
- Reference Type:
- other: NTP web site
- Title:
- Results for this Salmonella study's detailed data, CAS no. 67-68-5
- Author:
- NTP
- Year:
- 1 988
- Bibliographic source:
- http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchhome&crumbspot=1
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Dimethyl sulfoxide
- EC Number:
- 200-664-3
- EC Name:
- Dimethyl sulfoxide
- Cas Number:
- 67-68-5
- Molecular formula:
- C2H6OS
- IUPAC Name:
- dimethyl sulfoxide
- Details on test material:
- Test compound: Dimethylsulfoxide
CAS no.: 67-68-5
Source: Burdick and Jackson
Purity: > 99.5%
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- Histidine operon
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium, other: Strains TA97, TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9 fractions of Aroclor 1254-induced male Sprague Dawley rats and male Syrian hamster livers
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 0, 100, 333, 1000, 3333 and 10000 µg/plate
- Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: no data
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: - Without S9: Sodium azide (TA 1535 and TA100), 9-aminoacridine or ICR-191 (TA 97 and TA1537), 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (TA98) - With S9: 2-aminoanthracene (all strains)
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- In the Salmonella assay, a test tube containing a suspension of one strain of Salmonella typhimurium plus S9 mix or plain buffer without S9, is incubated for 20 minutes at 37º C with the test chemical. Control cultures, with all the same ingredients except the test chemical, are also incubated. In addition, positive control cultures are also prepared; these contain the particular bacterial tester strain under investigation, the various culture ingredients, and a known potent mutagen. After 20 minutes, agar is added to the cultures and the contents of the tubes are thoroughly mixed and poured onto the surface of Petri dishes containing standard bacterial culture medium. The plates are incubated for 48 hours and then counted.
Initial testing was without metabolic activation, with 10% rat liver S-9, or with 10% hamster liver S-9. After a negative result was obtained, DMSO was retested without S-9 and with 30% S-9 from rat and hamster.
The positive control plates are counted, and the number of mutant colonies appearing on them must be significantly increased over the spontaneous control number for the test to be considered valid. - Evaluation criteria:
- If no increase in mutant colonies is seen after testing several strains under several different culture conditions, the test chemical is considered to be non-mutagenic in the Salmonella test.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA97, TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity nor precipitates, but tested up to recommended limit concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- The positive control chemicals induced a significant increase of the revertant frequency in all tester strains, either with or without metabolic activation.
DMSO was negative, in the presence and absence of metabolic activation, in all tester strains. - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Individual strain data is presented as mean ± standard error. | ||||||||||||
Abbreviations are noted at bottom of page. | ||||||||||||
Trial summary calls are shown in parentheses. | ||||||||||||
Strain: TA1535 | ||||||||||||
Dose | No Activation | No Activation | 10% HLI | 30% HLI | 10% RLI | 30% RLI | ||||||
(Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | |||||||
ug/Plate | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM |
0 | 22 | 5.2 | 19 | 5 | 16 | 0.6 | 14 | 1 | 10 | 1.8 | 15 | 2.3 |
100 | 19 | 5.4 | 24 | 2.3 | 12 | 3.3 | 14 | 4.3 | 12 | 3.5 | 14 | 1.8 |
333 | 27 | 1.7 | 24 | 3.2 | 15 | 2 | 14 | 1.8 | 11 | 2.6 | 15 | 1 |
1000 | 19 | 1.8 | 17 | 2.6 | 12 | 1.5 | 13 | 0.9 | 14 | 1.7 | 15 | 1.7 |
3333 | 22 | 2.5 | 22 | 2.5 | 9 | 1.5 | 16 | 3.8 | 11 | 1.9 | 15 | 0.9 |
10000 | 24 | 1.8 | 18 | 2.9 | 9 | 3.8 | 15 | 2.5 | 11 | 0.9 | 15 | 4.4 |
Positive Control | 852 | 11.7 | 272 | 16.2 | 52 | 3.2 | 180 | 6.9 | 328 | 17.1 | 308 | 4.1 |
Strain: TA100 | ||||||||||||
Dose | No Activation | No Activation | 10% HLI | 30% HLI | 10% RLI | 30% RLI | ||||||
(Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | |||||||
ug/Plate | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM |
0 | 138 | 3 | 113 | 6.1 | 105 | 1.2 | 142 | 9.8 | 113 | 5 | 138 | 3.8 |
100 | 133 | 6.7 | 107 | 5.6 | 110 | 2.3 | 145 | 8.4 | 121 | 9.6 | 140 | 5 |
333 | 155 | 7.6 | 106 | 5.6 | 111 | 10.6 | 155 | 4.9 | 119 | 4.5 | 147 | 11.9 |
1000 | 139 | 3.5 | 110 | 9.3 | 105 | 1.8 | 159 | 5.1 | 116 | 2.7 | 128 | 4 |
3333 | 126 | 10.5 | 107 | 7.9 | 93c | 3.5 | 147 | 13.5 | 108 | 0.9 | 128 | 5.8 |
10000 | 157 | 12.3 | 113 | 6.9 | 102 | 4.2 | 136 | 4.8 | 107 | 4.7 | 129 | 6.1 |
Positive Control | 586 | 3.5 | 414 | 12.2 | 279 | 10.3 | 728 | 12.7 | 1440 | 66.4 | 1005 | 15.6 |
Strain: TA97 | ||||||||||||
Dose | No Activation | No Activation | 10% HLI | 30% HLI | 10% RLI | 30% RLI | ||||||
(Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | |||||||
ug/Plate | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM |
0 | 122 | 3 | 118 | 6 | 112 | 3.4 | 122 | 5.1 | 115 | 7.6 | 158 | 11.9 |
100 | 141 | 1.2 | 114 | 5 | 130 | 4.7 | 111 | 5.5 | 137 | 3.5 | 183 | 2.6 |
333 | 131 | 15 | 123 | 3.9 | 109 | 5.8 | 141 | 3.7 | 128 | 2.9 | 180 | 11.8 |
1000 | 117 | 3.4 | 123 | 12 | 129 | 7 | 136 | 1.2 | 131 | 3.5 | 155 | 10.7 |
3333 | 150 | 11.7 | 131 | 3.5 | 118 | 7.8 | 132 | 5.1 | 119 | 4.7 | 167 | 3.5 |
10000 | 138 | 9.6 | 118 | 8 | 120 | 2.2 | 119 | 8.7 | 132 | 6 | 158 | 3.9 |
Positive Control | 960 | 22.6 | 512 | 18.1 | 812 | 35 | 1436 | 48.3 | 2756 | 30.8 | 1606 | 101.3 |
Strain: TA98 | ||||||||||||
Dose | No Activation | No Activation | 10% HLI | 30% HLI | 10% RLI | 30% RLI | ||||||
(Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | |||||||
ug/Plate | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM |
0 | 19 | 0.9 | 23 | 1.7 | 35 | 2.7 | 35 | 1.7 | 27 | 3.8 | 32 | 1.9 |
100 | 13 | 2.3 | 21 | 1.7 | 36 | 1.5 | 34 | 3.7 | 27 | 0.9 | 31 | 1.9 |
333 | 15 | 3.5 | 16 | 2.1 | 35 | 7.2 | 32 | 1.7 | 32 | 2 | 31 | 1 |
1000 | 21 | 4.2 | 17 | 3.8 | 33 | 4.3 | 34 | 4.9 | 33 | 4.7 | 29 | 1.8 |
3333 | 25 | 2.4 | 19 | 1.7 | 32 | 2.8 | 31 | 6.8 | 35 | 3.2 | 34 | 4.2 |
10000 | 17 | 3 | 21 | 4.2 | 31 | 2.9 | 31 | 0.7 | 32 | 1.7 | 27 | 1.2 |
Positive Control | 330 | 13.1 | 330 | 8.4 | 110 | 2.6 | 604 | 17.9 | 211 | 8.2 | 338 | 12.6 |
Strain: TA1535 | ||||||||||||
Dose | No Activation | No Activation | 10% HLI | 30% HLI | 10% RLI | 30% RLI | ||||||
(Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | |||||||
ug/Plate | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM |
0 | 33 | 3.3 | 22 | 3.5 | 11 | 1.7 | 13 | 1.3 | 12 | 3.8 | 15 | 0.6 |
100 | 27 | 2 | 21 | 4.3 | 12 | 3.2 | 15 | 1.8 | 11 | 4.3 | 12 | 1.2 |
333 | 30c | 1.5 | 26 | 3.2 | 12 | 3.2 | 13 | 2.2 | 10 | 1.2 | 12 | 0 |
1000 | 28 | 4.4 | 15 | 1.2 | 8 | 2 | 12 | 1.2 | 8 | 1.5 | 14 | 2.3 |
3333 | 21 | 2.3 | 15 | 2 | 10 | 0.7 | 12 | 1.2 | 9 | 1.8 | 14 | 2.2 |
10000 | 26 | 2.6 | 20 | 3.5 | 9 | 0.9 | 14 | 1.8 | 10 | 0.7 | 11 | 2.1 |
Positive Control | 448 | 9 | 232 | 10.2 | 154 | 28.2 | 569 | 15.6 | 153 | 8.9 | 195 | 12.9 |
Strain: TA100 | ||||||||||||
Dose | No Activation | No Activation | 10% HLI | 30% HLI | 10% RLI | 30% RLI | ||||||
(Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | |||||||
ug/Plate | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM |
0 | 134 | 4.4 | 159 | 6.4 | 175 | 1.9 | 128 | 4.3 | 163 | 7.5 | 125 | 13.4 |
100 | 126 | 8.4 | 149 | 5.8 | 137 | 9.8 | 123 | 8.1 | 139 | 6.8 | 127 | 6.2 |
333 | 139 | 2.6 | 144 | 8.2 | 166 | 5.5 | 139 | 6.4 | 159 | 3.9 | 130 | 7.8 |
1000 | 128 | 5.8 | 140c | 3 | 152 | 14.2 | 121 | 11.2 | 160 | 9.8 | 135 | 14.8 |
3333 | 121 | 2.8 | 159 | 4.2 | 167 | 4 | 135 | 11.2 | 140 | 17.9 | 152 | 6.1 |
10000 | 132 | 2.8 | 152 | 4.6 | 151 | 13.7 | 128 | 4.3 | 144 | 24.1 | 134 | 8 |
Positive Control | 370 | 18.4 | 384 | 57.2 | 712 | 46 | 558 | 32.7 | 566 | 12.1 | 383 | 13.7 |
Strain: TA97 | ||||||||||||
Dose | No Activation | No Activation | 10% HLI | 30% HLI | 10% RLI | 30% RLI | ||||||
(Equivocal) | (Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | |||||||
ug/Plate | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM |
0 | 153 | 6.4 | 178 | 4.8 | 204 | 1.9 | 198 | 8.2 | 203 | 2.6 | 222 | 1.5 |
100 | 162 | 5.8 | 182 | 7.6 | 194 | 5.5 | 208 | 12.7 | 212 | 5.5 | 214 | 4.4 |
333 | 165 | 6.8 | 197 | 6.7 | 218 | 2.1 | 212 | 6.1 | 216 | 2.7 | 215 | 10.1 |
1000 | 196 | 10.1 | 195 | 9.4 | 199 | 7.8 | 212 | 3.2 | 229 | 7.9 | 198 | 4.5 |
3333 | 196 | 4.3 | 198 | 11.3 | 215 | 2.5 | 211 | 4.8 | 222 | 7.5 | 234 | 7.5 |
10000 | 182 | 7.9 | 207 | 9.9 | 212 | 6.2 | 193 | 2.2 | 229 | 3.2 | 217 | 8.8 |
Positive Control | 635 | 28.5 | 613 | 34.8 | 556 | 35.6 | 516 | 8.5 | 376 | 27 | 460 | 34.5 |
Strain: TA98 | ||||||||||||
Dose | No Activation | No Activation | 10% HLI | 30% HLI | 10% RLI | 30% RLI | ||||||
(Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | |||||||
ug/Plate | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM |
0 | 16 | 3.2 | 16 | 2.3 | 28 | 2 | 34 | 3.6 | 39 | 3.2 | 39 | 4.9 |
100 | 16 | 1.2 | 17 | 1.3 | 25 | 2.3 | 28 | 1 | 31 | 3.6 | 31 | 3.3 |
333 | 18 | 3.8 | 18 | 3 | 30 | 4 | 36 | 1.5 | 34 | 5.6 | 36 | 2.9 |
1000 | 19 | 3.3 | 13 | 3.2 | 34 | 2.6 | 33 | 1.9 | 29 | 5.2 | 33 | 7.7 |
3333 | 15 | 1.3 | 21 | 2.7 | 33 | 1.5 | 33 | 2.5 | 23 | 3.6 | 27 | 0.7 |
10000 | 17 | 2.1 | 17 | 4.2 | 26 | 4.7 | 28 | 1.7 | 35 | 4 | 31 | 4.2 |
Positive Control | 540 | 11.6 | 745 | 51.8 | 771 | 3.7 | 438 | 12.6 | 534 | 4 | 122 | 5.8 |
Strain: TA1537 | ||||||||||||
Dose | No Activation | 30% HLI | 30% RLI | |||||||||
(Negative) | (Negative) | (Negative) | ||||||||||
ug/Plate | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | Mean | ± SEM | ||||||
0 | 11 | 1.5 | 10 | 1.7 | 14 | 0.6 | ||||||
100 | 12 | 1 | 14 | 1.2 | 15 | 2.3 | ||||||
333 | 12 | 2.8 | 11 | 0.3 | 13 | 2.6 | ||||||
1000 | 9 | 1.9 | 9 | 1.5 | 10 | 1.2 | ||||||
3333 | 12 | 0.9 | 13 | 0.9 | 11 | 1.9 | ||||||
10000 | 14 | 2.3 | 10 | 0.9 | 12 | 2.1 | ||||||
Positive Control | 310 | 30.5 | 46 | 8.9 | 55 | 4.6 | ||||||
Abbreviations: | ||||||||||||
RLI = induced male Sprague Dawley rat liver S9 | ||||||||||||
HLI = induced male Syrian hamster liver S9 | ||||||||||||
s = Slight Toxicity; p = Precipitate; x = Slight Toxicity and Precipitate; T = Toxic; c = Contamination |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative
Under these experimental conditions, Dimethylsulfoxide is considered as non genotoxic. - Executive summary:
The potential of Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to induce reverse mutation in Salmonella typhimurium (strains: TA97, TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537) was evaluated according to a protocol comparable to the OECD guidelines 471.
DMSO was tested in two consecutive experiments, with and without a metabolic activation system, according to the preincubation method (20 min at 37°).
Concentrations of DMSO (100, 333, 1000, 3333, and 10,000 µg), overnight culture of S. typhimurium (0.05-0.10 ml) and S-9 mix or buffer were incubated without shaking for 20 minutes. The top agar was added and the contents of the tubes were mixed and poured onto the surfaces of Petri dishes. His+ (histidine dependent) colonies arising on plates were machine-counted after two days incubation at 37°C.
Initial testing was without metabolic activation, with 10% rat liver S-9, or with 10% hamster liver S-9. After a negative result was obtained, DMSO was retested without S-9 and with 30% S-9 from rat and hamster.
The positive control chemicals induced a significant increase of the revertant frequency in all tester strains, either with or without metabolic activation. DMSO was negative, in the presence and absence of metabolic activation, in all tester strains.
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